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1818-1853

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The Oregon Country Essential Question: How did the belief in Manifest Destiny influence Western settlement?

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Mountain Men Fur traders were first to reach the Oregon Country Traded for fur with Native Americans Trapped beaver in the Rocky Mountains Many had Native American wives and adopted Native American ways Once beaver became scarce, many settled into farming

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The Whitman Mission Many early settlers were missionaries Wanted to bring Christianity to Native Americans Brought diseases that sometimes led to Native American backlash White settlers moved west anyway

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The Oregon Trail Panic of 1837 caused unrest and desire for a better life Tens of thousands of people decided to make the trip to Oregon 2,000 mile journey Packed up their life into prairie schooners Very difficult and dangerous

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The Oregon Trail

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Rock Avenue

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Manifest Destiny Many people began to believe that it was the mission of the United States to spread freedom by occupying the entire continent Believed that God set the United States apart for a special purpose: To extend its boundaries

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Fifty-Four Forty or Fight James K. Polk campaign slogan (Election of 1844) Tension between the US and Britain about where Canada border should be set Compromise set boundary at 49N latitude

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Answer the Essential Question How did the belief in Manifest Destiny influence Western settlement?

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Painting Analysis 1. What do you see in the picture? Describe the details. 2. What do you think the painter is trying to say in this painting? 3. List three things you think the painter has shown you that are important to his message. 4. What are two images in this painting that you think might not appeal to a viewer today. 5. Write a question to the painter that you think is not answered by his painting.

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Independence for Texas Essential Question: Why did Texas fight for their independence from Mexico?

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Land Grants People living in Texas Tejanos Native Americans (Comanche, Apache, Kiowa) Mexico wanted to attract farmers and settlers offered large land grants Attracted many people from the United States

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Growing Tension Growing number of Americans alarmed Mexican government Stopped all US immigration through Texas Discouraged trade with US through Taxes New policies angered Texans Depended on US trade Mexican government planned to abolish slavery which angered slave holders Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna overthrows Mexican government and war seems unavoidable

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The Struggle for Independence The Battle of the Alamo Santa Anna marched toward San Antonio angry that Texans had captured it Attacked small force of Texans barricaded inside a small mission called the Alamo After 12 days, Santa Anna entered the Alamo and killed all defenders The battle bought Texans much needed time

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Texas Declares Independence Texans declared their independence under leadership of Sam Houston Battle Cry: Remember the Alamo! 1836 Texans captured Santa Anna who signed a peace treaty

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The Lone Star Republic Andrew Jackson refused to annex Texas Would upset the balance between slave states and free states Texans elected Sam Houston president

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The Road to Statehood Difficulty with Mexico and fear of upsetting the balance between slave states and free states caused many presidents to avoid annexing Texas 1844 James K. Polk favored annexation of Texas due to the growing popularity of the idea of Manifest Destiny Texas joined the Union in 1845

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The New Mexico Territory Many saw New Mexico as the Manifest Destiny of the United States California was settled by Mexicans but many Americans began to talk about adding it to the Union Mild climate Natural resources Pacific Ocean offered protection and trade

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War with Mexico War broke out between the US and Mexico President Polk saw California and New Mexico as part of the United States After much fighting, US controlled California and captured Mexico City 1847 Mexican government surrendered

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The United States Expands Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico gives up claim to Texas Rio Grande decided as border Mexican Cession: U.S. bought California and New Mexico for $15 million 1853 Gadsden Purchase: U.S. bought strip of land for $10 million that expanded the country to its present size (mainland)

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Making Connections How did Mexican lands in the West become part of the United States? Why did James K. Polk and the American people hesitate to annex Texas? Why did they finally support the annexation of Texas? Answer the Essential Question: Why did Texans fight for their independence from Mexico?

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California Essential Question: What factors affected the settlement of California?

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American Diary From early 1848 when John Sutter discovered gold in California until late 1849, the population of California increased form 15,000 to 100,000. Wild- eyed prospectors came from all over the world. Farmers left their fields untilled and went off workmen quit their jobs without notice In every town one might buy gold-seekers manuals, guides and maps. From The Way Our People Lived

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California Gold Rush Discovery of Gold in 1848 led to rapid growth Forty-niners Oregon Trail or Santa Fe Trail Many Californios lost their land Boomtowns (San Francisco)

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Gold Rush Most forty-niners had no experience mining Attacked hillsides with pickaxes and shovels Washed and panned over streambeds Most found little or no gold Many lost what they found gambling and spending wildly Boomtown merchants Could charge whatever they wanted for supplies Made huge profits

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Gold Rush Society Mining camps: Many men and few women Men spent free time drinking, gambling and fighting No police or prisons led to formation of vigilantes

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Economic and Political Progress Many people who arrived looking for gold eventually settled Leads to growth in agriculture, trade and business Rapid population growth caused desire for statehood California joins the Union in 1850

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Making Connections How did the Gold Rush affect Californias population? Answer the Essential Question: What factors affected the settlement of California?