17 Major Employment Centers  workers City typology

HBP 20,777 Pleasanton Mixed use edge city w/ sharp boundary

SSF 32,445 SSF Major employment center w/ sharp boundary

SRP 24,763 Palo Alto Named employment center w/ sharp boundary

Bish 23,894 San Ramon Named employment center w/ sharp boundary

emery 17,952 Emeryville Mixed use edge city w/ sharp boundary

stan 39,204 Stanford Mixed use edge city w/ sharp boundary - incl dntn PA

shore 25,103 Mtn View Named employment center w/ sharp boundary

moffet 33,837 multiple Named employment center w/ sharp boundary

whisman 25,836 Mtn View Portion of Silicon Valley job glob

greatam 47,836 Santa Clara Portion of Silicon Valley job glob

nFirst 82,801 San Jose Portion of Silicon Valley job glob

237680 47,612 MilpitasMajor employment center w/ a Great Mall, sharp boundary

oakmead 75,701 Sunnyvale Portion of Silicon Valley job glob

SJC 21,359 San Jose Airport major employment center

Cup 32,115 Cupertino Lots of Apple jobs, residential. A big mall. Fuzzy border.

ibm 15,904 San Jose Named employment center w/ sharp boundary

walnut 26,935 Walnut Creek Fully mixed use edge city w/ sharp boundary

total 594,074    

Great Mall

Stanford Research Park• Palo Alto, SV “dad”• 25K jobs• 50% paved, no

sidewalks• Commute Shed:

– 47% within 2 miles of Caltrain

– 49% w/i 10 miles• 80% SOV, 11%

pool, 1% rail• 18 mi one-way.

Suburban Smart Growth Stinks• East Bay BART TOD: 40% transit commutes

– Commute to auto-hostile San Francisco• South Bay Caltrain TOD: 17% transit commutes

– High driving residents “crowd out” green commuters – Non-TOD South Bay: 4% or less transit commutes

• Suburban VTA LRT “TOD without the T” – Calthorpe• Hence, make Smart Growth smarter:

1. PRT as shuttle bus on steroids, creating comprehensive new mobility

2. Avego-style iPooling (instant ridesharing)3. Green commute housing preference4. Workplace parking charges + incentives5. Green behavior culture change for large new residential

communities• SPUR: “interesting.” Cities21: adopted recommendations.

1. PRT – Steroid Shuttle Bus

SRP PRT• 5 mile system

– 17 stations

• $35M to $75M – Capital cost

Vehicle Storage

Comprehensive, Integrated MobilityDoor to Door

Delivery services, Personal activities, Business services

first mile Train, HSR

first mile Bus

•Web/wireless coordination•Supportive policy context•Scale!

Short carpool pick up

first mileLong carpool

•Improved match-making•Shared parking, iPooling

PRT system LAST MILE mid-day trips

Walk

Bike, scooter

iPooling Centralized Cars:share, rent, ride home

Palo Alto and Pleasanton Market Research (300+ surveys)

• Solo commutes: 89% 45% – Carpool: 9% 32%, train: 0% 15.5% train– For 20K people, removes 6,600 autos (roughly)

• @ 350 s.f. per space 50 acres.

2. Avego-Style iPooling• iPhone instant carpooling• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgTNK85bG_k

– 111MB M4V: 1:43-3:50

3. Move closer to your job:Green Commute Housing Preference

• Priority access to new housing for green commuters– Waiting list

• The most cost-effective traffic reduction policy (ever). SF San Jose (swap)– Or, “Proximate Commute” for Starbucks workers.

Green Commute Hsng Examples• Santa Barbara: 42 affordable apts

– 40 block walkable, mixed-use downtown – Priorities: no cars, work downtown– Result: TWENTY cars

• Stanford West Apts: 515 apts– Shuttle bus, biking, hostile to cars– 396 Stanford, 96 hospital, 14 Palo Alto, 9 long commutes– 10% short-commute rent discount – 2.6 MM less VMT/CO2 lbs./yr

• Redwood City: 800 mkt rate condos– 1 mi from dntn, bike path– Cities21 victory – 4 months: green commutes.

4. Workplace Parking Charges + Incentives

• Paid parking (at suburban offices) reduces commute trips (and CO2) by 23%+ – MTC: “Charging for parking is the holy grail”

• Tragedy of the Commons – no office wants to be the first to charge less competitive– Perverse $7.59 daily SOV suburban subsidy (SF charges)

• Need to all “jump in together”– smoking ban in bars: Bloomington, St. Paul, Minneapolis

• Complicated to implement – Web-based self-reporting enables low-cost implementation.

Commute: carrot + stick

• Cashout: pay employees not to park– $4/day 78% SOV to 74% $26/day– Small carrots are ignored

• Parking charges (sticks) work: – eBay SJ: 80% SOV, eBay SF: 43% SOV

• Free suburban parking– Perverse $7.59 per day SOV subsidy

• Start w/ $0.25 charge + $1 cashout– Phased spread to $2 charge + $4 cashout– Big companies first, little companies next.

THE END

5. Culture: Low Mileage Community

• Exploit behavior research

• Non auto-centric culture

• Good Deeds (make it easy)

• EBay’s online community phenomenon– Make friends, achieve social status– Self polices bad behavior

• “Communities of Practice” – expertise around a problem domain (green commutes).

Low Mileage Community (2)• Big new residential complex• Everyone signs low mileage pledge

– Entry condition to obtain housing– People are “self-consistent”

• Manufacture a tipping point– Currently, it’s often dumb to be green– Positive peer pressure

• Problem-solving think tank. Online & in person– Carpool to grocery store– Ex: Biking learning curve: route, gear, defensive

• People love to share such self-discovered expertise

– Delivery services, etc.