creating employment for rural youth and women youth, decent employment and caadp 24 th cta brussels...
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Creating employment for rural youth and womenYouth, decent employment and CAADP
24th CTA Brussels Rural Development Briefing - 14 September 2011 Major drivers for rural transformation in Africa: Job creation for rural growth
Peter Wobst, Senior Economist
Economic and Social Development Department
Acquisition of skills & bargaining power
Reducedchild labour
Managedmigration
Rural employment creation
Poverty reduction & social integration
Income generation
More skilled & productive workforce
Food productionEmpowerment
Food security
Better health
Purchasing power
Rural employment, poverty reduction & food security
MDG 1 Targets
1.A Reduce by half the proportion of people living on less than a dollar a day
1.B Achieving full and productive employment and decent work for all including women and young people”
1.C Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Poverty among working youth in Africa
Typical African youth
Poor – rural – little education – (female)little job opportunities
On average 72% of the
youth population in
SSA live on less than US$ 2 a
day
40% of the total
unemployed in SSA are youth
70%of the African
youth population is
lives inrural areas
Source: World Bank 2008/09 Africa Development Indicators
Region
Youth population (%, aged
15-24)
Unemployment rate (%)
Youth unemployme
nt rate (%)
Adults unemployme
nt rate (%)
Labour force participation
rate (%)
Youthlabour force participation
(%)
Adultslabour force participation
(%)
Latin America &
the Caribbean
17.9 7.7 15.7 5.7 65.6 52.7 70.0
North Africa
20.0 9.9 23.4 6.2 51.5 36.6 57.9
South-East Asia & Pac.
18.3 5.2 13.9 3.1 69.5 52.3 75.4
South Asia 19.7* 4.4 9.9 2.8 61.7 48.1 67.2
SSA 20.3 7.9 12.1 6.3 70.8 55.5 79.1
World 17.6 6.3 12.8 4.8 65.3 51.1 69.8
Relevance of rural employment: Youth & adults
Sources: ILO, 2010; UN-DESA, 2008* South and Central Asia
Relevance of youth employment in SSA
Source: Adopted from World Bank Rural Structures Programme (2010)
Employment challenges for rural youth & women
Youth & women face common challenges Work is often temporary and insecure, under informal contracts Lack of access to & control over productive resources (e.g. land & capital) No collateral Low education & inadequate skills (e.g. production & business) Globalization (e.g. uncertainties, variability in prices)
Challenges for rural youth Generational gap (e.g. transfer of indigenous farming knowledge) No employment history and/or low work experience Discriminations often result into higher unemployment rates for young
women
Additional challenges for rural women Often disregarded in labour rights, security benefits (i.e. social protection) Hold a lower employment status in agriculture Girls face more disadvantages in accessing education
Importance of addressing gender in rural employment
Productivity gains 20 - 30% on women’s farms 2.5 - 4% at national level
Food security gains 12 - 17% reduction in number of
hungry 100 - 150 million people lifted
out of hunger
Gains from closing the gender gap in agriculture
Broader economic and social gains Higher human capital, which promotes
socio-economic growth
FAO/ILO/IFAD:Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment:
Differentiated pathways out of
poverty
FAO: The State of Food and Agriculture: Women in Agriculture:
Closing the gender gap for development
FAO’s work on rural employment (RE) for youth
What
Why
How
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the rural economyand the provision of farm and non-farm employment opportunities
can contribute to economic growth and food security
Through Junior Farmer Field and Life Schools (JFFLS)FAO facilitates the education & training of youth for employmentcreation and enterprise development in rural areas
Approaches for youth employment creation
ILO Start Your Business (SYB) Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB)
FAO Farmer Field Schools (FFS) Junior Farmer Field and Life Schools (JFFLS)
UNIDO Salima Agricultural Technology Trainings (SATECH)
IFAD-UNIDO-FAO African Agro-business and agro-industries initiative (3ADI)
Civil Society The Songhai model
Potential multi-stakeholder approaches for youth employment creation suitable under the Rural Futures Initiative
ILO – Start Your Business (SYB)
SYB a system of inter-related training packages and supporting materials for small-scale entrepreneurs in developing and transition economies
SYB training is designed to assist potential entrepreneurs to:
Draft a marketing strategy; Plan their staff needs; Cost their goods and services; Decide about the legal form of their business; Get a clear idea about the licenses and
permits needed; Assess the environmental impact of their
planned business; and Forecast their finances.
The SYB trainings have been implemented in over
90 countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
SYB training is equally suitable for men and women in rural and urban areas,both young and old.
FAO – Farmer Field Schools (FFS)
FFS is a group-based learning process adopted by governments, NGOs and international agencies to promote Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The first FFS were designed and managed by FAO in 1989 since then more than 2,000,000 farmers globally have participated in this type of learning.
FFS brings together concepts and methods from:
• agro ecology, • experiential education• community development.
Core principle of FFS & JFFLS isAgro-eco system analysis (AESA )
Analysis
Presentation
Synthesis / Discussion
Observation
Rural Futuresand
JFFLS Agriculture& its linkages
Ecosystems & their services
Development regime & priorities
Governance & democratisation
Global markets & investments
National and regional setting &
priorities
Globalisation & structural change
Rural economy & national
development
Climate change & priorities
Local needs & interests
Human wellbeing & environment
Providing entrepreneurship, business & marketing skills
Facilitating access to credit
Promoting G.A.P. & environmental
awareness
Developing life skills (self esteem, decision-
making skills)
Enhancing agro- skills: field prep.,
planting, IPM, harvesting, irrigation
Promoting Youth Farmers’ Associations
1. Rethinking
the rural sector2. Framing a rural agenda
3. Moving into action
Adapting curricula to local needs &
contexts
Entrenching JFFLS into national employment programmes
Strengthening involved institutions’
capacities
Collaborating withcentral & local authorities
Developing an integrated learning
methodology (agr.&life skills)
Understanding ecosystems
(AESA)
4. Mobilizing support
Aligning to national priorities & promoting national ownership
Rights awareness
Institutionalization of JFFLS in Tanzania
FAO aims at national ownership / scaling-up of JFFLS by incorporating it into national youth employment strategies & programmes
Recent JFFLS methodology training (June 2011):
30 cooperatives were trained by FAO (both Mainland & Zanzibar)
MoL, MoA, MoT & TCF & CUZA focal points included
Strengthens institutions’ capacities to allow a comprehensive inclusion of youth in various agro-value chains selected (cashew, horticulture, seaweed, etc.)
In Tanzania, FAO works with rural institutions - the Tanzania Federation of Cooperatives (TFC) and the Cooperative Union of Zanzibar (CUZA) - to include young women and men in the rural employment sector
Incentives negotiated by FAO & provided by the
TFC & CUZA
Incentives given to cooperatives that include youth as active members
Youth inclusion in the rural
employment sector, encourages their participation
& motivation
JFFLS to date
Since 2004, JFFLS have been initiated in 16 countries & some 20,000 youths (50:50) have graduated from the schools. The programme aims at:
-Reducing youth unemployment, child labour & school dropout rates through relevant education
-Youth employment creation & enterprise development
-Integration & participation in (modern) value chains
-Tackling gender inequalities through gender-sensitive skills training
-Reducing distress rural out-migration through psycho-social support, nutrition, agr. & life skills
Partnerships & alliances
Programme support & advisory services
Capacity development
Policy advice
Key messages
Youth employment in rural areas is an enormous challenge
Productive employment creation for young women and men in rural areas is crucial for achieving MDG 1and feed the world in 2050
Innovative approaches such as JFFLS contribute to youth employment creation & entrepreneurship development in rural areas
National ownership and strategic partnerships are crucial for successful implementation and long-term sustainability
Thank you !
Contact: www.fao-ilo.org / [email protected]