16872003 india tourisum project

8/13/2019 16872003 India Tourisum Project

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A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

A Project Report on


SIDVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

BANGALORE-85

Under the guidance and supervision of

Mrs. SRILATHA

Su!itted to the SIDVINSchoo" of Business # $nstitute of%echno"og& in partia" fu"fi""!ent of the re'uire!ent of Second

Se!ester for the a(ard of)

Post Gradat! Pro"ra##! $% Ma%a"!#!%t

S#$tt!d B'

PRA(ASH (UMAR RAI

)UNE *++,

S$*+$N S,OOL O. BUS$NESS # $NS%$%U%E O. %E,NOLOG/

BANGALORE-/

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 1


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BONA.$*E ,ER%$.$,A%E

SIDVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

BANGALORE-85

This is to certify that the project work entitled

A S%U*/ ON %OUR$S0 $N U%%AR 1RA*ES)

Carried out by

PRA(ASH (UMAR RAI

has been completed and submitted in partial fulfillment for award of

1ost Graduate 1rogra!!e in 0anage!entof S$*+$N Schoo" of

Business # $nstitute of %echno"og& during the academic year 2008-

2010.

This project has not been submitted to any other uniersity for the award

of any !egree or !iploma.

!ate " #$rof. %. &'()% &*&*!+

,eg. *o. "208//#!,CT),+



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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled

A S%U*/ ON %OUR$S0 $N U%%AR 1RA*ES)

Carried out by

PRA(ASH (UMAR RAI

(as been completed and submitted under my guidance in partial

fulfillment for award of 1ost Graduate 1rogra!!e in 0anage!entof

the S$*+$N Schoo" of Business # $nstitute of %echno"og& during the

academic ear 2008-2010.

This project has not been submitted to any other uniersity for the award

of any !egree or !iploma.

!ate "#3rs. ',4&T(&+

,eg. *o. "208//#5&C64T+



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DECLARATION

declare that this project titledA STUDY ON TURISUM IN UTTAR

PRADESH completed in the academic year 2008-2010 is my own and

hae not copied the project from any source. This project is submitted in

partial fulfillment for award of 1ost Graduate 1rogra!!e in

0anage!ent of S$*+$N Schoo" of Business # $nstitute of

%echno"og&. This project has not been submitted to any other 6niersity

for the award of any !egree or !iploma.

!ate"

PRA(ASH (UMAR RAI$lace"



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AC(NO0LEDGEMENT

I 1o2d3 4$rst & 4or!#ost3 2$5! to t6a%5 God A2#$"6t' 4or 6$s7!r7!8ta2 2!ss$%"s a%d "$da%8! t6ro"6ot t6$s 7ro9!8t.

$ a! e2tre!e"& gratefu" to 0r3 Asho4 Anand *irector of Sidvin for his co- operation # support3

$ a! ver& !uch than4fu" to !& facu"t& guide 0rs3 SR$LA%A forher encourage!ent # guidance throughout this pro6ect (or43

$ a! high"& than4fu" and e2press !& gratitude to !& friendS7E%A + B for providing !e a good (or4ing environ!ent anda"so va"ua"e guidance at ever& stage of !& pro6ect (or43

Last ut not the "east $ than4 !& parents # 7e"" (ishers for theirencourage!ent and support (ithout (hich this pro6ect report(ou"d not have !ateria"ied3

0$t6 s$%8!r! r!"ards3

7$,&%&'( %63&, ,& #2008-2010+



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C)*T*T'

Chapter*o.

Topic *ame $age*o

C6a7t!r - : I%trod8t$o% D!4$%$t$o%

Do#!st$8 a%d $%t!r%at$o%a2

Tor$s#

0or2d Tor$s#

Most ;$s$t!d Attra8t$o%

H$stor'

Gro1t6

Lat!st Tr!%ds

Tor$s# I% I%d$a H$stor$8 Mo%#!%ts

>



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C6a7t!r @ :



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I%trod8t$o%

Tor$s# is trael for recreational9 leisure or business purposes. The

:orld Tourism )rgani;ation defines tourists as people who ercise of an actiity remunerated

from within the place isited


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serice industries include transportation serices9 such as airlines9

cruise ships and ta>is9 hospitality serices9 such as accommodations9

including hotels and resorts9 and entertainment enues9 such as

amusement parks9 casinos9 shopping malls9 arious music enues and

the theatre.

D!4$%$t$o%

(un;iker and %rapf9 in 1?=19 defined tourism as people who trael perts in Tourism defined

tourism in terms of particular actiities selected by choice and

undertaken outside the home.

The 6nited *ations classified three forms of tourism in 1??=9 in its


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accepted in %orea. ntrabound tourism differs from domestic tourism in

that the former encompasses policymaking and implementation of

national tourism policies.

,ecently9 the tourism industry has shifted from the promotion of

inbound tourism to the promotion of intrabound tourism9 because many

countries are e>periencing tough competition for inbound tourists. 'ome

national policymakers hae shifted their priority to the promotion of

intrabound tourism to contribute to the local economy. >amples of such

campaigns include"


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4anguage barriers are reduced by improing language skills

Currency and customs unions are deeloping in many

uropean countries.

:ith globali;ation the free moement of people is growing.

Considering the greater multiplier effect in domestic tourism9

domestic tourism would hae receied greater emphasis in ndia.

,eliable data on the growth of domestic tourists traffic are not

aailable as not e>tensie surey has been conducted on a national leel

by any agency9 goernment or otherwise not gien the numerous festials

celebrated throughout out the year9 the innumerable touristEs centers in

the country9 the geographical e>pands and the resource constraints9

estimates of documents touristsE traffic through an e>ecutie surey is

considered impossible.

!omestic tourism if considered separate from the trael for

religious and commercial purpose. t is a post-independence

phenomenon. ndustrial growth9 improement in the standard of liing9

rise in disposable income and most importantly the improement of

tourist infrastructure search as hotels9 air9 train and road transport has

contributed to the impressie growth in tourist traffic.

The definition of a domestic tourist is a person who traels

within the country to a place of residence and stays at hotels or other

accommodations establishments run on commercial basis or in



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dharmashalas9 sarais9 chaultries etc. for duration of not less than 2=

hours.

The factors that goern the magnitude of domestic tourist traffic

are the religious and cultural importance of a place. The e>tent of

manufacturing9 business and trading actiity9 the climatic conditions9

the infrastructure facilities aailable and the geographical location etc.

the current rough estimate of domestic tourism in ndia is ten million a

year.

7or"d touris! statistics and ran4ings

Most ;$s$t!d 8o%tr$!s

The :orld Tourism )rgani;ation reports the following ten countries as

the most isited in 200 by number of international traelers. :hen

compared to 200@9 6kraine entered the top ten list9 surpassing ,ussia9

&ustria and 3e>ico. 3ost of the top isited countries continue to be on

the uropean continent.

Ra%5 Co%tr'

UN0TO

R!"$o%a2

Mar5!t

I%t!r%at$o%a2

tor$st

arr$;a2s

*++

1 5rance urope 81.? million ?.1 million

2 'pain urope ?.2 million 8. million

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Tourism_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Tourism_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain


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/6nited

'tates*orth &merica @.0 million 1.1 million

= China &sia =. million =?.@ million

taly urope =/. million =1.1 million

@6nited

%ingdomurope /0. million /0. million

ermany urope 2=.= million 2/.@ million

8 6kraine urope 2/.1 million 18.? million

? Turkey urope 22.2 million 18.? million

10 3e>ico *orth &merica 21.= million 21.= million

I%t!r%at$o%a2 tor$s# r!8!$7ts

nternational tourist receipts were 6'! ?@. billion in 2009 up from

6'! 8. billion in 200@. :hen the e>port alue of international

passenger trael receipts is accounted for9 total receipts in 200 reached

a record of 6'! 1.02 trillion or / billion a day. The :orld Tourism

)rgani;ation reports the following countries as the top ten tourism

earners for the year 200. t is noticeable that most of them are on the

uropean continent9 but the 6nited 'tates continues to be the top

earner.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mexico.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico


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Ra%5 Co%tr'

UN0TO

R!"$o%a2

Mar5!t

I%t!r%at$o%a2

Tor$s#

R!8!$7ts

*++

1 6nited 'tates *orth &merica J?@. billion J8. billion

2 'pain urope J.8 billion J1.1 billion

/ 5rance urope J=.2 billion J=@./ billion

= taly urope J=2. billion J/8.1 billion

China &sia J=1.? billion J//9? billion

@ 6nited %ingdom urope J/.@ billion J//. billion

ermany urope J/@.0 billion J/2.8 billion

8 &ustralia )ceania J22.2 billion J1.8 billion

? &ustria urope J18.? billion J1@.@ billion

10 Turkey urope J18. billion J1@.? billion

I%t!r%at$o%a2 tor$s# to7 s7!%d!rs

The :orld Tourism )rgani;ation reports the following countries as the

top ten biggest spenders on international tourism for the year 200. 5or

the fifth year in a row9 erman tourists continue as the top spenders. &

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Tourism_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Austria.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Australia.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Tourism_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey


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study by !resdner Dank forecasts that for 20089 ermans and

uropeans9 in general9 will continue to be the top spenders9 because of

the strength of the uro against the 6nited 'tates dollar9 with strong

demand for the 6.'. in faor of other destinations.

Ra%5 Co%tr'

UN0TO

R!"$o%a2

Mar5!t

I%t!r%at$o%a2

Tor$s#

E7!%d$tr!s

*++

1 ermany urope J82.? billion J/.? billion

2 6nited 'tates *orth &merica [email protected] billion J2.1 billion

/ 6nited %ingdom urope J2./ billion J@/.1 billion

= 5rance urope J/@. billion J/1.2 billion

China &sia J2?.8 billion J2=./ billion

@ taly urope J2./ billion J2/.1 billion

Bapan &sia J2@. billion J2@.? billion

8 Canada *orth &merica J2=.8 billion J20. billion

? ,ussia urope J22./ billion J18.2 billion

10 'outh %orea &sia J20.? billion J18.? billion

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Tourism_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Tourism_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea


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Most ;$s$t!d attra8t$o%s

Forbes Travellerreleased a ranking of the worldEs 0 most isited touristattractions in 2009 including both international and domestic tourists.

The following are the Top 10 attractions9 followed by some other famous

sites included within the list of the 0 most isited. t is noticeable that

four out of the top fie are in *orth &merica.

Most ;$s$t!d attra8t$o%s ' do#!st$8 a%d $%t!r%at$o%a2

tor$sts $% *++< to7 :+ ra%5$%" tor$st attra8t$o%s

:orldEs

rankingTourist attraction 4ocation Country

*umber

of

isitors

#millions+

1 Times 'Guare *ew ork City6nited

'tates/

2 *ational 3all and :ashington9 6nited 2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg


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3emorial $arks !.C. 'tates

/ 3agic %ingdom

4ake Duena

Iista9 )rlando

6nited

'tates 1@.@

= Trafalgar 'Guare 4ondon6nited

%ingdom1

!isneyland&naheim9

California

6nited

'tates1=.

@ *iagara 5alls)ntario K *ew

ork

Canada K

6nited

'tates

1=

5ishermanEs :harf

K olden ate

'an 5rancisco9

California

6nited

'tates1/

8Tokyo !isneyland

K Tokyo !isney'ea6rayasu Bapan 12.?

?*otre !ame de

$aris$aris 5rance 12

10 !isneyland $aris $aris 5rance 10.@

Ot6!r s!2!8t!d 4a#os d!st$%at$o%s

11 reat :all of Dadaling China 10

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg


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China

1 4oure $aris 5rance .

18 iffel Tower $aris 5rance @.

2=(ong %ong

!isneyland(ong %ong China .2

28 6niersal 'tudios 4os &ngeles

6nited

'tates =.

/1 rand Canyon &ri;ona6nited

'tates=.=

/@ 'tatue of 4iberty *ew ork City6nited

'tates=.2=

/ Iatican City Iatican City Iatican City =.2

/8'ydney )pera

(ouse'ydney &ustralia =

/? The Colosseum ,ome taly =

=2mpire 'tate

Duilding*ew ork City

6nited

'tates=

== 4ondon ye 4ondon 6nited /.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Australia.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Vatican_City.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg


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%ingdom

= i;a $yramids Cairo gypt /

0 Taj 3ahal &gra ndia 2.=

Most ;$s$t!d 8$t$!s

uro monitor released a ranking of the worldEs 10 most isited cities by

international tourists in 200. The following are the leading 1 cities9

according to uro monitorLs ranking"

(oweer9 other sources report $aris as the most isited city in the world

with /0 million isitors.

istor&

:ealthy people hae always traeled to distant parts of the world9 to see

great buildings9 works of art9 learn new languages9 and e>perience newcultures and to taste different cuisines. 4ong ago9 at the time of the

,oman ,epublic9 places such as Daiae9 were popular coastal resorts for

the rich. The word tourism was used by 1811 and touristby 18=0. n

1?/@9 the 4eague of *ations definedforeign touristas

months.

L!$sr! tra;!2

4eisure trael was associated with the ndustrial ,eolution in the 6nited

%ingdom M the first uropean country to promote leisure time to the

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_India.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Egypt.svg


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increasing industrial population. nitially9 this applied to the owners of

the machinery of production9 the economic oligarchy9 the factory owners

and the traders. These comprised the new middle class. Co> K %ings was

the first official trael company to be formed in 18.

The Dritish origin of this new industry is reflected in many place names.

n *ice9 5rance9 one of the first and best-established holiday resorts on

the 5rench ,iiera9 the long esplanade along the seafront is known to

this day as the Promenade des AnglaisF in many other historic resorts in

continental urope9 old9 well-established palace hotels hae names like

the Hotel Bristol9 the Hotel Carltonor the Hotel MajesticM reflecting the

dominance of nglish customers.

3any leisure-oriented tourists trael to the tropics9 both in the summer

and winter. $laces often isited are" Cuba9 the !ominican ,epublic9

Thailand and *orth Nueensland in &ustralia and 5lorida in the 6nited

'tates.

0$%t!r tor$s#

3ajor ski resorts are located in the arious uropean countries #e.g.

&ustria9 C;ech ,epublic9 5rance9 ermany9 taly9 *orway9 $oland9

'loakia9 'pain9 'wit;erland+9 Canada9 the 6nited 'tates9 &ustralia9 *ew

Healand9 Bapan9 %orea9 Chile and &rgentina.

Mass tor$s#

3ass tourism could only hae deeloped with the improements in

technology9 allowing the transport of large numbers of people in a short

space of time to places of leisure interest9 so that greater numbers of

people began to enjoy the benefits of leisure time.



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n the 6nited 'tates9 the first great seaside resort9 in the uropean style9

was &tlantic City9 *ew Bersey and 4ong sland9 *ew ork.

n continental urope9 early resorts included" )stend9 populari;ed by the

people of DrusselsF Doulogne-sur-3er #$as-de-Calais+ and !eauille

#Calados+ for the $arisiansF and (eiligendamm9 founded in 1?9 as the

first seaside resort at the Daltic 'ea.

Ad9!8t$;a2 tor$s#s

&djectial tourism refers to the numerous niche or specialty trael forms

of tourism that hae emerged oer the years9 each with its own adjectie.

3any of these hae come into common use by the tourism industry and

academics. )thers are emerging concepts that may or may not gain

popular usage. >amples of the more common niche tourism markets

include"

1. Culinary tourism

2. !ark tourism

/. !isaster tourism=. cotourism

. (eritage tourism

@. 4DT tourism

. 3edical tourism

8. *autical tourism

?. 'e> tourism

10.'pace tourism

11.:ar tourism



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Recent deve"op!ents

There has been an upmarket trend in the tourism oer the last few

decades9 especially in urope9 where international trael for short breaks

is common. Tourists hae higher leels of disposable income and greater

leisure time and they are also better-educated and hae more

sophisticated tastes. There is now a demand for a better Guality

products9 which has resulted in a fragmenting of the mass market for

beach acationsF people want more specialised ersions9 such as Club

18-/09 Guieter resorts9 family-oriented holidays or niche market-targeted

destination hotels.

The deelopments in technology and transport infrastructure9 such as

jumbo jets9 low-cost airlines and more accessible airports hae made

many types of tourism more affordable. There hae also been changes in

lifestyle9 such as retiree-age people who sustain year round tourism. This

is facilitated by internet sales of tourism products. 'ome sites hae now

started to offer dynamic packaging9 in which an inclusie price is Guoted

for a tailor-made package reGuested by the customer upon impulse.

There hae been a few setbacks in tourism9 such as the 'eptember 11

attacks and terrorist threats to tourist destinations9 such as in Dali and

seeral uropean cities. &lso9 on !ecember 2@9 200=9 a tsunami9 caused

by the 200= ndian )cean earthGuake9 hit the &sian countries on the

ndian )cean9 including the 3aldies. Thousands of lies were lost and

many tourists died. This9 together with the ast clean-up operation in

place9 has stopped or seerely hampered tourism to the area.

The terms tourismand travelare sometimes used interchangeably. n this

conte>t9 trael has a similar definition to tourism9 but implies a more

purposeful journey. The terms tourism and touristare sometimes used



23/66


pejoratiely9 to imply a shallow interest in the cultures or locations

isited by tourists.

Ssta$%a2! tor$s#

change

$rograms and 'tudy Tours9 or to work and apply skills learned inside the



24/66


classroom in a different enironment9 such as in the nternational

$racticum Training $rogram.

Ot6!r d!;!2o7#!%ts

Cr!at$;! tor$s#

Creatie tourism has e>isted as a form of cultural tourism9 since the

early beginnings of tor$s#itself. ts uropean roots date back to the

time of the rand Tour9 which saw the sons of aristocratic families

traeling for the purpose of mostly interactie9 educational e>periences.

3ore recently9 creatie tourism has been gien its own name by Crispin

,aymond and reg ,ichards9 who as members of the &ssociation for

Tourism and 4eisure ducation #&T4&'+9 hae directed a number of

projects for the uropean Commission9 including cultural and crafts

tourism9 known as sustainable tourism. They hae defined periences.

3eanwhile9 the concept of creatie tourism has been picked up by high-

profile organi;ations such as 6*'C)9 who through the Creatie Cities

*etwork9 hae endorsed creatie tourism as an engaged9 authentic

e>perience that promotes an actie understanding of the specific cultural

features of a place.

3ore recently9 creatie tourism has gained popularity as a form of

cultural tourism9 drawing on actie participation by traelers in the

culture of the host communities they isit. 'eeral countries offer

e>amples of this type of tourism deelopment9 including the 6nited

%ingdom9 the Dahamas9 Bamaica9 'pain9 taly and *ew Healand.



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Dar5 tor$s#

)ne emerging area of special interest tourism has been identified by

4ennon and 5oley #2000+ as penditure per capita and the degree to which countries play in the

global conte>t. *ot only as a result of the important economic

contribution of the tourism industry9 but also as an indicator of the



26/66


degree of confidence with which global citi;ens leerage the resources of

the globe for the benefit of their local economies. This is why any

projections of growth in tourism may sere as an indication of the

relatie influence that each country will e>ercise in the future.

'pace tourism is e>pected to pected to open in !ubai in 200?9 will be

built. )n the ocean9 tourists will be welcomed by eer larger cruise ships

and perhaps floating cities.

Lat!st tr!%ds

&s a result of the economic crisis of 20089 international arrials suffered

a strong slowdown beginning in Bune 2008. rowth from 200 to 2008was only /.A during the first eight months of 2008. The &sian and

$acific markets were affected and urope stagnated during the boreal

summer months9 while the &mericas performed better9 reducing their

e>pansion rate but keeping a @A growth from Banuary to &ugust 2008.

)nly the 3iddle ast continued its rapid growth during the same period9

reaching a 1A growth as compared to the same period in 200. This

slowdown on international tourism demand was also reflected in the air

transport industry9 with a negatie growth in 'eptember 2008 and a

/./A growth in passenger traffic through 'eptember. The hotel industry

also reports a slowdown9 as room occupancy continues to decline. &s the

global economic situation deteriorated dramatically during 'eptember

and )ctober as a result of the global financial crisis9 growth of



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international tourism is e>pected to slow een further for the remaining

of 20089 and this slowdown in demand growth is forecasted to continue

into 200? as recession has already hit most of the top spender countries9

with long-haul trael e>pected to be the most affected by the economic

crisis. (oweer9 some trael destinations hae e>perienced growth during

hard economic times9 drawing on low costs of liing9 accessibility9 and

friendly immigration laws permitting tourists to stay for e>tended periods

of time. ,ecession tourism9 a phrase coined by 3att 4andau in his

research about $anama9 has eoled as an alternatie escape option for

nerous crisis-goers in 200?.

Negative i!pacts

Tourism is the issue that nearly eery city faces. t is worldwide and a

threat to beaches9 famous landmarks9 holy areas and also resorts.

&ttracting a high olume of tourists can hae negatie impacts9 such as

the impact of // million tourists a year on the city of *ew ork9 or the

potential to impact fragile enironments negatiely9 or the impact of the

!ecember 2@9 200= tsunami on the tourists themseles. The

enironment can be affected negatiely by cruise ship pollution in many

ways9 including ballast water discharge9 and by pollution from aircraft

Tor$s# $% I%d$a

ndia attracted about = million foreign tourists in 200@ that spent

6'J8.? billion. The tourism industry in ndia generated about 6'J100

billion in 2008 and that is e>pected to increase to 6'J2. billion by2018 at a ?.=A annual growth rate. The 3inistry of Tourism is the nodal

agency for the deelopment and promotion of Tourism in ndia. t

maintains the Incredible Indiacampaign.



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&ccording to World Travel and Tourism Council9 ndia will be the worldEs

leading tourism hotspot9 haing the highest 10-year growth potential.

The Travel Tourism Competitiveness Report !""# ranked tourism in

ndia @th in terms of price competitieness and /?th in terms of safety

and security.

(oweer9 ndiaEs tourism sector currently lags behind less endowed

countries and faces serious challenges including shortage of hotel rooms.

n 2009 there were only 29000 tourist-class hotel rooms in the whole of

ndia. &mong other factors hindering the growth of the tourism industry

in ndia are stringent isa reGuirements and congested airports. !espite

short- and medium-term setbacks9 tourism reenues are e>pected to

surge by =2A from 200 to 201.

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Nature %ouris!

ndia has geographical diersity9 which resulted in arieties of nature

tourism.

:ater falls in :estern hatsincludingBog falls#highest in india+.

:estern hats

%erala backwaters

(ill 'tations

:ildlife reseres

Rra2 Tor$s# $% I%d$a

ndia is a country of rich culture and heritage. :ith aboe 0A

population residing in around @ million plus illages9 real ndia has its

roots right inside this simplistic structure. ,ural Tourism in ndia takes

you to a journey of not so known M the land and people which is the back

bone of this country. t is a journey to e>plore diersity and hospitality

from nook and corners of ndia. ,ural tourism attempts to take you away

to a dream land full of peace9 simplicity and innocence. Connect with

nature9 unlearn lu>ury9 and spend time with people who support your

life by proiding the raw inputs for comple> city life needs. 5rom

agriculture to sericulture9 they do it all. :hat you e>plore during these

tours is a uniGue e>perience and an eye opener to the basics of a

deeloping economy in the country. ou not only get to see rural life

closely9 but also get a chance to connect and open aenues for rural

ndia by interacting with people closely.

ndia has a growing medical tourism sector. The 2010 Commonwealth

ames in !elhi are e>pected to significantly boost tourism in ndia.

Go;!r%#!%t I%$t$at$;!s

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Ghatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jog_fallshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Ghatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala_backwatershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_reserveshttp://www.ruralzing.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Ghatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jog_fallshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Ghatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala_backwatershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_reserveshttp://www.ruralzing.com/


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&ccording to the Tourism 'ecretary9 3r 'ujit Danerjee9 the goernment is

offering attractie packages to foreign tourists and has organised road

shows in major markets such as the 6%9 Canada9 &ustralia9 'ingapore

and 3alaysia.

The ministry is offering free air ticket for companion9 trael to

additional places and e>tended stay at hotels.

*ow9 foreign medical tourists will be offered one additional

treatment for free. &pollo9 3anipal9 3oolchand9 5ortis and

:ockhardt among others hae forwarded their proposals for the

same.

The goernment has also taken a number of steps to minimise the

impact of the slowdown. This year has been designated as the

OIisit ndiaL year. The ministry has increased financial support to

tour operators for promoting ndia in international e>hibitions. To

inole more operators9 the ministry has doubled the upper ceiling

of foreign e>change earnings of applicant companies to 6'J =.0

million under the market deelopment assistance scheme.

&ll issues including uniform state-leel ta> structure9 lu>ury ta>and free-moement of inter-state tourist ehicles are being

reiewed by the empowered committee of state finance ministers.

To strengthen the ndian tourism sector ahead of the

Commonwealth ames in 2010 and to double foreign tourist

arrials from ./ million in 2008 to 10 million by 20109 the

ministry is taking measures such as rationalising ta>es9 increased

focus on infrastructure and easy isas.

I%d$as tor$s# r!;!%! 7

Tourism has been an important segment of the ndian economy

contributing substantially to its foreign e>change earnings. The foreign



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e>change earnings during 200/ was ,s. 190=? a significant amount for

country e>cheGuer.

!uring first two months of 200= the amount was about ,s. /?12 crore9

an increase of 2?A oer the corresponding period of last year.

Tor$s# ' stat!

A%d6ra Prad!s6

&ndhra $radesh has a rich cultural heritage and a ariety of tourist

attractions. The state of &ndhra $radesh comprises scenic hills9 forests9

beaches and temples. &ndhra $radesh is the home of many religious

pilgrimage centers9 one of them being ETirupati9E the abode of 4ord

Ienkateswara9 which is the richest and most isited (indu temple in

ndia. (yderabad is known for its rich history9 culture and architecture

representing its uniGue character as a meeting point for *orth and 'outh

ndia9 and also its multilingual culture9 both geographically andculturally.

&lso known as The City of *i;ams and The City of $earls9 (yderabad is

today one of the most deeloped cities in the country and a modern hub

of information technology9 T'9 and biotechnology. (yderabad offers

many attractions to the tourists. t is famous for its delicious (yderabadi

Diryani. t is ndiaEs second largest metropolitan.

&ndhra $radesh is the home of many religious pilgrim centers. Tirupati9

the abode of 4ord Ienkateswara9 is the richest and most isited religious

center #of any faith+ in the world. 'risailam9 the abode of 'ri

3allikarjuna9 is one of twele Byothirlingalu in ndia9 &maraatiEs 'ia



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temple is one of the $ancharamams9 and adagirigutta9 the abode of an

aatara of Iishnu9 'ri 4akshmi *arasimha. The ,amappa temple and

Thousand $illars temple in :arangal are famous for some fine temple

carings. The state has numerous Duddhist centers at &maraati9

*agarjuna %onda9 Dhattiprolu9 hantasala9 *elakondapalli9 !hulikatta9

Daikonda9 Thotlakonda9 'halihundam9 $auralakonda9 'ankaram9

$hanigiri and %olanpaka.

The golden beaches at Iisakhapatnam9 the one-million-year old

limestone caes at Dorra9 picturesGue &raku Ialley9 hill resorts of

(orsley (ills9 rier odaari racing through a narrow gorge at $api

%ondalu9 waterfalls at ttipotala9 %untala and rich bio-diersity atTalakona9 are some of the natural attractions of the state. %ailashagiri is

situated adjacent to sea in Iisakhapatnam9 it is one of the beautiful

sight which shows the entire beauty of Iisakhapatnam haing other side

sea. & beautiful park is deeloped on the hill top of %ailashagiri9 the city

boasts of haing a park on hill top that has a lu>urious toy train9

ropeway and beautiful iew of beach front into which astern hats

merge into the sea. 5urther9 Iisakhapatnam is home to many touristattractions like *' %arasura 'ubmarine museum #The only one of its

kind in ndia+9 the most beautiful and the longest Deach ,oad in ndia9

arada Deach9 &raku Ialley #%nown as poormanEs )oty 9 a lot of moies

are shooted here+9 I6!& $ark9 ndira andhi Hoological ardens9etc.

The weather in &ndhra $radesh is mostly tropical and the best time to

isit is in *oember through to Banuary. The monsoon season

commences in Bune and ends in 'eptember9 so trael would not be

adisable during this period.

P2a8!s to ;$s$t



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(yderabad" The capital of &$9 it is a melting pot of arious

cultures9 known for its historical monuments as well as modern

marels. The places to isit are-Charminar9 3ecca 3asjid9

'alarjung 3useum9 (ussain 'agar9 4umbini $ark9 'now world9

,amoji 5ilm city9 :ater world9 (itech city9 olconda9 $aigah

tombs9 5alaknuma palace.

Iisakhapatnam" 6ndoubtedly the most beautiful city on the east

coast9 it boasts of natural and man-made beauties. t is fast

emerging as the countryEs best tourist and party destination. The

places to isit are- %ailashagiri9 ,.%.Deach9 ,ushikonda beach9

'imhachalam temple9 Ii;ag-Dhimili Deach ,oad9 Dojjannakonda9

Thatlakonda9 &ppikonda Deach9 arada Deach9 Dhimili Deach9

angaaram Deach9 Dorra Caes9 &raku alley9 Tenneti Deach

$ark9 ,oss hill church9 !olphinEs nose mountain9 'ubmarine

3useum9 &Guarium9 ndira andhi Hoological ardens9 !uduma

waterfalls and ,ed sand hills.

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Tirupati" ndiaEs most famous and richest temple. 4ord

Ienkateshwara temple9 Tirumala9 !eer 'anctuary9 (orsley (ills9

'ri %alahasti Temple9 4epakshi.

Iijayawada" Commercial hub of &$. $laces to isit are-

%anakadurga Temple9 andhi hill9 $rakasham Darrage9 %rishna

,ier bank9 3angalagiri Temple.

Assa#

&ssam is the central state in the *orth-ast ,egion of ndia and seres

as the gateway to the rest of the 'een 'ister 'tates. &ssam boasts of

famous wildlife preseres M the %a;iranga *ational $ark and the 3anas*ational $ark9 largest rier island 3ajuli and tea-estates dating back to

time of Dritish ,aj. The weather is mostly sub-tropical. &ssam

e>periences the ndian monsoon and has one of the highest forest

densities in ndia. The winter months #)ctober to &pril+ are the best time

to isit.



35/66


t has a rich cultural heritage going back to the &hom !ynasty which

goerned the region for many centuries before the Dritish occupation.

)ther notable features include the Drahmaputra ,ier9 the mystery of

the bird suicides in Batinga9 numerous temples including %amakhya of

Tantric sect9 ruins of palaces9 etc.

B$6ar

Dihar is one of the oldest inhabited places in the world with history of

/000 years. The rich culture and heritage of Dihar is eident from the

innumerable ancient monuments that are dotted all oer the state in

eastern ndia. Dihar is home of many tourist attractions. Dihar is isitedby scores of tourists from all oer the :orld all the year round. &round

total @90009000 #@ million+ tourist isits Dihar eery year.

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n the earliest day9 tourism in region was purely based ducational

tourism as Dihar was home of some prominent ancient uniersities like

*alanda 6niersity K IikramaPQla 6niersity

Dihar one of the most sacred place of arious religions like (induism9

Duddhism9 Bainism9 'ikhism K slam9 3any tourist trael to Dihar to

isit their pilgrimage.

3ahabodhi Temple9 a Duddhist shrine and 6*'C) :orld (eritage 'ite

is also situated in Dihar. 3ahatma andhi 'etu9 $atna9 is one of the

longest bridges in the world.

D!26$

!elhi is the capital of ndia. & fine blend of old and new9 ancient and

modern in eery stream of life is the soul of !elhi. & melting pot of

cultures9 religions and castes makes !elhi a dierse place. !elhi has

been the capital of ndia from the mythological days. The rulers left

behind their trade marks in the architecture. !elhi currently has many

renowned monuments and landmarks such as the TughlaGabad fort andthe Nutub 3inar9 the Bama 3asjid and the DahRES 4otus temple9 the

(umayunEs tomb and the ,ed 5ort9 and ndia ate and the 3agnificent

$residentEs house #,ashtrapati Dhaan+. !elhi is famous for its wide

roads and crisp winters.



37/66


)ne of the few places in ndia where colours of nature changes with the

seasons. 5rom %erala to %ashmir and from ujarat to &ssam all the

mouth watering delicacies and shopping goods are found in !elhi. The

cosmopolitan nature of the city has only added to the beauty and glory of

it. Dig gardens9 wide roads9 ancient structures9 and power of politics is

what !elhi is all about. !elhi is popularly known for its monuments.

3ost of them which are built by the 3ughal mperors.

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Goa

The state of oa is situated on the :est Coast of ndia9 between the

borders of 3aharashtra and %arnataka and is better known to the world

as the former $ortuguese enclae on ndian soil. :ith the rule of the

$ortuguese for oer =0 years and the conseGuential influence of the

4atin culture9 oa presents a somewhat different picture to the foreign

isitor than any other part of ndia. The state of oa is famous for its

e>cellent beaches9 churches9 and (indu temples. The Dom Besus

cathedral9 3angueshi Temple and 'hantadurga are famous attractions

in oa. ,ecently a :a> 3useum #:a> :orld+ has also opened in )ld oa

housing a number of wa> personalities of ndian history9 culture and

heritage.

H$#a86a2 Prad!s6

(ome to the some of the most popular (ill 'tations9 and home also to

some e>Guisite alpine K Trans-(imalayan destinations9 the ndian state

of (imachal $radesh is a major product in the ndian tourism market.

(imachal is famous for its sweet apples.

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&mong the major crowd pullers in (imachal $radesh are" 'himla9 the

stateEs capital 3anali9 !haramshala9 !alhousie and %asauli.

)a## a%d (as6#$r

Bammu is noted for its landscape9 ancient temples9 (indu shrines9

castles9 gardens and forts. (indu holy shrines of &marnath and Iaishno

!ei attracts tens of thousands of (indu deotees eery year. BammuEs

natural landscape has made it one of the most popular destinations for

adenture tourism in south &sia. BammuEs historic monuments feature a

uniGue blend of slamic and (indu architecture styles.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Shalimar_gardens.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Khajjiar_himachal_pradesh_india_summer.jpg


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Tourism forms an integral part of the %ashmiri economy. )ften dubbed


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architecture. Tamil literature is amongst the oldest in ndia. 3uch of the

ancient culture of Tamil *adu is still alie. :e hae Carnatic music9 an

ndian classical tradition. Dharatha *atyam is its twin dance form9

always accompanied by this music and the rich tradition of folk music

continues to inspire people.

(ar%ata5a

%arnataka9 the eighth largest state in ndia9 is a eritable treasure troe

of tourist delights. Dy irtue of its aried geography and long and rich

history9 %arnataka boasts of numerous spots of interest for tourists.

%arnataka has been ranked as fourth most popular destination for

tourism among states of ndia. :ith its 0 out of the /@00 centrally

protected monuments9 %arnataka has the second highest number of

protected monuments in ndia9 ne>t only to 6ttar $radesh.

The %annada dynasties like %adamba9 Chalukya9 ,ashtrakuta9

Iijayanagara mpire9 (oysala9 anga9 ,atta and many more they ruled

%arnataka particularly *orth %arnataka and other parts of ndia. They

built great monuments related to Duddhism9 Bainism9 and 'haiism. The

monuments are still present at Dadami9 &ihole9 $attadakal9 (ampi9

4akshmeshwar9 'udi9 (ooli9 3ahadea Temple #tagi+9 !ambal9

4akkundi9 adag9 (angal9 (alasi9 alaganatha9 Chaudayyadanapura9

Danaasi9 Delur9 (alebidu9 'hraanabelagola9 'annati and many more.

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The great slamic monuments are present at Dijapur9 Didar9 ulbarga9

,aichur and other part of the state.

%arnataka is famous for its waterfalls. Bog falls of 'himoga !istrict is

one of the highest waterfalls in &sia. This state has 21 wildlife

sanctuaries and fie *ational parks and is home to more than 00

species of birds.

%arnataka is a rock climbers paradise. ana in 6ttara %annada9 5ort in

Chitradurga9 ,amnagara near Dangalore district9 'hiagange in Tumkur

district and tekal in %olar district are a rock climbers heaen.

ol umba; at Dijapur has the second largest pre-modern dome in the

world after the Dy;antine (agia 'ophia.

%arnataka has two :orld heritage sites9 at (ampi and $attadakal9 both

are in *orth %arnataka.

%arnataka has many beaches at %arwar9 okarna9 3urdeshwara9

'urathkal and many more

(!ra2a

%erala is a state on the tropical 3alabar Coastof southwestern ndia.

*icknamed as one of the


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eographic traeller9 %erala is famous especially for its ecotourism

initiaties. ts uniGue culture and traditions9 coupled with its aried

demography9 has made it one of the most popular tourist destinations in

ndia. rowing at a rate of 1/./1A9 the tourism industry significantly

contributes to the stateEs economy. The %erala Tourism !eelopment

Corporation9 the goernment agency that oersees the tourism prospects

of the state9 has adopted the brand


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Ma6aras6tra

6nlike most other states in ndia9 3aharashtra boasts of a large number

of popular and reered religious enues that are heaily freGuented by

locals as well as out-of-state isitors. t also boasts of the City of 3umbai

with its Dollywoodfame9 ancient cae temples at &jantaand llora9 the

Tuljabhaanitemple at Tuljapur9 the 3ahalakshmitemple in %olhapur9

the city of $une the seat of the 3aratha empire9 the fantastic anesh

chaturthicelebrations and much more.

Or$ssa

)rissahas been a preferred destination from ancient days for people who

hae an interest in spirituality9 religion9 culture9 art and natural beauty.

&ncient and medieal architecture9 pristine sea beaches9 the classical

and ethnic dance forms and a ariety of festials. )rissa has kept the

religion of Duddhismalie. ,ock-edicts that hae challenged time standhuge and oer-powering by the banks of the rier !aya. The torch of

Duddhism is still abla;e in the sublime triangle at 6dayagiri and

%handagiri Caes9 on the banks of rier Dirupa. $recious fragments of a

glorious past come alie in the shape of stupas9 rock-cut caes9 rock-

edicts9 e>caated monasteries9 iharas9 chaityas and sacred relics in

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollywoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajanta_Caveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuljabhavani&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahalakshmihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolhapurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesh_chaturthihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesh_chaturthihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udayagiri_and_Khandagiri_Caveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udayagiri_and_Khandagiri_Caveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viharahttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Kailasha_temple_at_ellora.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollywoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajanta_Caveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuljabhavani&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahalakshmihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolhapurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesh_chaturthihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesh_chaturthihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udayagiri_and_Khandagiri_Caveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udayagiri_and_Khandagiri_Caveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihara


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caskets and the ,ock-edicts of &shoka. )rissa is also famous for its well-

presered (indu Temples9 especially the %onark 'un Temple. )rissa is

the home for arious tribal communities who hae contributed uniGuely

to the multicultural and multilingual character of the state. Their

handicrafts9 different dance forms9 jungle products and their uniGue life

style blended with their healing practices hae got world wide attention.

$unjab is one of ndiaEs most beautiful states. The state of $unjab is

renowned for its cuisine9 culture and history. $unjab has a ast public

transportation and communication network. 'ome of the main cities in

$unjab are &mritsar9 Chandigarh9 and 4udhiana. $unjab also has a rich

religious history incorporating 'ikhism and (induism. Tourism in$unjab is principally suited for the tourists interested in culture9 ancient

ciili;ation9 spirituality and epic history. 'ome of the illages in $unjab

are also a must see for the person who wants to see the true $unjab9

with their beautiful traditional ndian homes9 farms and temples9 this is

a must see for any isitor that goes to $unjab.

Ra9ast6a%

,ajasthan9 literally meaning


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construction at !ekiling in ast 'ikkim9 the nearest airport to 'ikkim

would be Dagdogra. 'ikkim is considered as the land of )rchids and

mystic cultures and colorful traditions. 'ikkim is well known among

trekkers and adenture loers9 as :est 'ikkim has a lot to gie them.

$laces near 'ikkim include !arjeelingalso known as the Nueen of hills

and %alimpong. !arjeeling9 other than its world famous

is also famous for its refined


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glittering peaks9 roaring riers9 beautiful hills slopes and alleys in one or

another form.

t boasts of some old hill-stations deeloped during Dritish era like

3ussoorie9 &lmoraand *ainital.

Uttar Prad!s6

'ituated in the northern part of ndia9 6ttar $radeshis important with

its wealth of monuments and religious ferour. eographically9 6ttar

$radesh is ery dierse9 with (imalayan foothills in the e>treme north9

the angetic $lain in the centre9 and the Iindhya 3ountain ,ange

towards the 'outh. t is also home of ndiaEs most isited site9 theTaj3ahal9 and (induismEs holiest city9 Iaranasi. The most populous state of

the ndian 6nion also has a rich cultural heritage9 and at the heart of

*orth ndia9 6ttar $radeshhas much to offer.

$laces of interest include Iaranasi9 &gra9 3athura9 Bhansi9 $rayag9

'arnath9 &yodhya9 !udhwa *ational $arkand 5atehpur 'ikri.

0!st B!%"a2

%olkata9 one of the many cities in the state of :est Dengal has been

nicknamedthe City of $alaces. This comes from the numerous palatial

mansions built all oer the city. 6nlike many north ndian cities9 whose

construction stresses minimalism9 the layout of much of the

architectural ariety in %olkata owes its origins to uropeanstyles and

tastes imported by the Dritish and9 to a much lesser e>tent9 the

$ortuguese and 5rench. The buildings were designed and inspired by the

tastes of the nglish gentleman around and the aspiring Dengali Dabu

#literally9 a nouveau ric%eDengali who aspired to cultiation of nglish

etiGuette9 manners and custom9 as such practices were faourable to

monetary gains from the Dritish+. Today9 many of these structures are in

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussooriehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nainitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhansihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayodhyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudhwa_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicknamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussooriehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nainitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhansihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayodhyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudhwa_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicknamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe


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arious stages of decay. 'ome of the major buildings of this period are

well maintained and seeral buildings hae been declared as heritage

structures.

H$stor$8 #o%#!%ts

T6! Ta9 Ma6a2is one of ndiaEs best-known sites and one of the best

architectural achieements in ndia. 4ocated in &gra9 it was built

between 1@/1 and 1@/ by mperor 'hah Bahanin honor of his wife9

&rjumand Danu9 more popularly known as 3umta; 3ahal. The Taj

3ahal seres as her tomb.

T6! Go2d!% T!#72!is one of the most respected temples in ndia and

the most sacred place for 'ikhs. The olden Temple is located in

&mritsar9 $unjab9 ndia.

T6! Ba6 t!#72! in !elhi9 was completed in 1?8@ and seres as the

3other Temple of the ndian 'ubcontinent. t has won numerous

architectural awards and been featured in hundreds of newspaper and

maga;ine articles. #It is also .no)n as t%e Lotus %e!p"e.+

T6! V$8tor$a T!r#$%s in 3umbaiwas built by the Dritish and is a

6*'C):orld (eritage 'ite.

T6! Ta9 Ma6a2 Pa2a8!is an icon of 3umbai.

0$2d2$4! $% I%d$a

ndia is home to seeral well known large mammals including the &sian

lephant9 Dengal Tiger9 &siatic 4ion9 4eopard and ndian ,hinoceros9

often engrained culturally and religiously often being associated with

deities. )ther well known large ndian mammals include ungulates such

as the domestic &sian :ater buffalo9 wild &sian :ater buffalo9 *ilgai9

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmandir_Sahibhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritsarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah?%27?_House_of_Worship#Delhi.2C_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahal_Palace_%26_Towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Tigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rhinoceroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_Asian_Water_buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_Asian_Water_buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmandir_Sahibhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritsarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah?%27?_House_of_Worship#Delhi.2C_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahal_Palace_%26_Towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Tigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rhinoceroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_Asian_Water_buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_Asian_Water_buffalohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgai


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aurand seeral species of deer and antelope. 'ome members of the dog

family such as the ndian :olf9 Dengal 5o>9 olden Backaland the !hole

or :ild !ogs are also widely distributed. t is also home to the 'triped

(yaena9 3acaGues9 4angurs and 3ongoose species. ndia also has a

large ariety of protected wildlife. The countryEs protected wilderness

consists of *ational parks of ndiaand =21 'anctuaries9 of which 1?

fall under the puriew of $roject Tiger. ts climatic and geographic

diersity makes it the home of oer /0 mammals and 1200 bird species9

many of which are uniGue to the subcontinent.

'ome well known national wildlife sanctuaries include Dharatpur9

Corbett9 %anha9 %a;iranga9 $eriyar9 ,anthambore and 'ariska. TheworldEs largest mangroe forest 'undarbansis located in southern :est

Dengal. The /undarbansis 6*'C):orld (eritage 'ite.

H$22 stat$o%s

3ain article" 4ist of ndian hill stations

'eeral hill stations sered as summer capitals of ndian proinces9

princely states9 or9 in the case of 'himla9 of Dritish ndia itself. 'ince

ndian ndependence9 the role of these hill stations as summer capitals

has largely ended9 but many hill stations remain popular summer

resorts. 3ost famous hill stations are"

&raku9 &ndhra $radesh

ulmarg9 'rinagarand 4addakhinBammu and %ashmir

!arjeelingin :est Dengal 3unnarin %erala

)otyand %odaikanalin Tamil *adu

'hillongin 3eghalaya

'himla9 %ulluin (imachal $radesh

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Wolfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Foxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Jackalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dholehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_Hyaenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_Hyaenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_parks_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Tigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keoladeo_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Corbett_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanha_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaziranga_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periyarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranthambore_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sariskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundarbanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundarbanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_hill_stationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princely_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arakuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulmarghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laddakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ootyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodaikanalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shillonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Wolfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Foxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Jackalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dholehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_Hyaenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_Hyaenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_parks_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Tigerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keoladeo_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Corbett_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanha_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaziranga_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periyarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranthambore_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sariskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundarbanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundarbanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_hill_stationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princely_stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arakuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulmarghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinagarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laddakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ootyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodaikanalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shillonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh


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*ainitalin 6ttaranchal

angtokin 'ikkim

mussooriein uttarkhandwhich is the Gueen amongst all of them

C6a7t!r @ *

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nainitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttaranchalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangtokhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussooriehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarkhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nainitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttaranchalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangtokhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussooriehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarkhand


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Uttar Prad!s6

I%trod8t$o%

Uttar Prad!s6 9 translation" 0ort%ern Province+9 often referred to as

U.P.U is a statelocated in the northern part of ndia. :ith a population of

oer 1?0 million people9 it is ndiaEs most populous state9 as well as the

worldEs most populous sub-national entity.

:ith an area of ?/9?// sG mi #2=/928@ kmV+9 6ttar $radesh coers a large

part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper angetic plain. t

shares an international border with *epaland is bounded by the states

of 6ttarakhand9 (imachal $radesh9 (aryana9 !elhi9 ,ajasthan9 3adhya

$radesh9 Chhattisgarh9 Bharkhand and Dihar. The administratie andlegislatie capital of 6ttar $radesh is 4ucknowand the financial and

industrial capital is %anpur. The stateEs high court is based at &llahabad.

t is home to many historical cities like &graand Iaranasi.

The area now known collGuially and officially as UP has undergone

seeral different definitions and demarcations since the early 1?th

century. n 18//the then Dengal $residencywas diided into two parts9

one of wihich became $residency of &gra. n 18/@ the &gra area was

named *orth-:estern $roinces and placed under a 4ieutenant

oernor. n 18 the two proinces of &gra and )udh were placed

under one administrator9 who was called 4ieutenant oernor of the

*orth-:estern $roinces and Chief Commissioner of )udh. n 1?02the

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_India_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_subdivisions_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangetic_plainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharkhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1833http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Presidencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1836http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-Western_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_the_North-Western_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_the_North-Western_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1877http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-Western_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_the_North-Western_Provinces_and_Chief_Commissioners_of_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_the_North-Western_Provinces_and_Chief_Commissioners_of_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_India_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_subdivisions_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangetic_plainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharkhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1833http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Presidencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1836http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-Western_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_the_North-Western_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_the_North-Western_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1877http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-Western_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_the_North-Western_Provinces_and_Chief_Commissioners_of_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_the_North-Western_Provinces_and_Chief_Commissioners_of_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902


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name was changed to 6nited $roinces of &gra and )udh with

4ieutenant oernor of the 6nited $roinces of &gra and )udh as

administrator9 in 1?21 4ieutenant oernorship was eliated to

oernorship when once again proince was renamed as 6nited

$roinces of Dritish ndia. n 1?/ the name was shortened to 6nited

$roinces. )n independence in 1?=9 the staes of ,ampur9 Danaresand

Tehri-arwalwere merged into the 6nited $roinces. n 1?0 the name

of 6nited $roinces was changed to Uttar Prad!s6. n 1???sperate state

of 6ttaranchal#now 6ttarakhand+ was cared out of 6ttar $radesh.

H$stor'

L!"!%d a%d a%8$!%t 7!r$ods

The known history of 6ttar $radesh goes back =000 years9 when the

&ryans first made it their home in 2000 DC. This heralded the Iedic age

of the ndian ciili;ation and 6ttar $radesh was its home. The &ryans9

who settled in the !oabregion and the hagra plains9 called it with

arious names" 3adhya !esha #midland+ or &ryaarta#the &ryan land+ or

Dharatarsha #the kingdom of Dharat9 an important &ryan king+. n the

ages to come9 &ryans spread to other parts of the ndian subcontinent9

reaching as far south as %eralaand 'ri 4anka.

The ancient 3ahajanapadaera kingdom of %osala in &yodhya- where9

according to (indu legend9 the diine king ,amaof the ,amayanaepic

reigned - was located here. %rishna - another diine king of (indu

legend9 who plays a key role in the 3ahabharataepic and is reered asthe eighth reincarnation #&atara+ of (indu god Iishnu- was born in the

city of 3athura. The aftermath of the 3ahabharata war is belieed to

hae taken place in the area between the present 6ttar $radesh and

!elhi9 during the reign of the $andaa king udhishtira9 in what was

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_the_United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_the_United_Provinces_of_British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinces_of_British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinces_of_British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rampur,_Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kashihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwal_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttaranchalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryavartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajanapadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosalahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayodhyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharata_warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandavahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yudhishtirahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_the_United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_the_United_Provinces_of_British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinces_of_British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinces_of_British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rampur,_Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kashihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwal_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttaranchalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryavartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajanapadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosalahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayodhyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharata_warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandavahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yudhishtira


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%uru 3ahajanapada. The reered 'waminarayan - mentioned in the

Drahma $urana and Iishwaksena 'amhita as the manifestation of od -

was born in the illage of Chhapaiya.

3ost of the empire building inasions of *orth ndia9 from the east as

well as the west9 passed through the ast swathe of angetic plainsof

what is today Uttar Prad!s6. Control oer this region was of ital

importance to the power and stability of all of ndiaEs major empires9

including the 3auryan#/20-200 DC+9 %ushan#100-20 &!+ and upta

#/0-@00 &!+ empires. &fter the uptas9 the anga-amuna !oab saw

the rise of %annauj. !uring the reign of (arshaardhana9 the %annauj

empire was at its ;enith" it coered an area e>tending from &fghanistanand %ashmir in the west to Dengal in the east and up to the Iindhyasin

the south9 with its capital at %annauj. en today many communities in

arious parts of ndiaU - from %ashmir9 ,ajasthan9 6ttarakhand9 Diharto

Dengal- boast of being descendants of migrants from %annauj9 reflecting

its glory in the past.citation neededU.

The state is also important to Duddhism since its early days. The

Chaukhandi 'tupamarks the spot where Duddhamet his first disciples.

The !hamek 'tupa in 'arnathcommemorates DuddhaEs first sermon.

&lso the town of %ushinagaris where autama Duddha died.

M!d$!;a2

Causing the fall of post-(arshaardhana ,ajputkings of north ndia

came the Turko-&fghan 3uslim rulers and what we call 6ttar $radesh

today once again became the catalyst for things to comeF much of the

state formed part of the arious ndo-slamic empires #'ultanates+ after

1000 &! and was ruled from their capital9 !elhi. 4ater9 in 3ughaltimes9

6.$. became the heart-land of their ast empireF they called the place

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaminarayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhapaiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangetic_plainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurya_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushan_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannaujhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshavardhanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindhyashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaukhandi_Stupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhamek_Stupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushinagarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaminarayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhapaiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangetic_plainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurya_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushan_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannaujhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshavardhanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindhyashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaukhandi_Stupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhamek_Stupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushinagarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire


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E(industanE9 which is used to this day as the name for ndia in seeral

languages.

&gra and 5atehpur 'ikri were the capital cities of &kbar9 the great

3ughal mperor of ndia. &t their ;enith9 the 3ughal empire coered

almost the entire ndian subcontinent #including present day

&fghanistan9 $akistan and Dangladesh+9 which was ruled at different

times from !elhi9 &gra and &llahabad. Dut9 when the empire

disintegrated9 their last territory remained confined to the !oab region of

(industan and !elhi.

)ther areas of (industan #6.$.+ were now ruled by different rulers" )udh

was ruled by the *awabs of )udh9 ,ohilkhandby &fghans9 Dundelkhand

by the 3arathas and Denarasby its own king9 while *epal controlled

%umaon-arhwal as a part of reater *epal. The stateEs capital city of

4ucknow was established by the 3uslim *awabs of )udh in the 18th

century.

Mod!r%-8o2o%$a2

'tarting from Dengalin the later half of the 18th century9 a series of

battles for *orth ndian lands finally gae the Dritish ast ndia

Companyaccession oer this stateEs territories9 including the last 3ughal

territory of !oab and !elhi9 also Dundelkhand9 %umaon and Denaras

diisions. &jmerandBaipurwere also included in this northern territory

and they called it the Nort6-0!st!r% Pro;$%8!s #of &gra+. Today9 the

area may seem big compared to seeral of the ,epublic of ndiaEs present

Emini-statesE - no more than the si;e of earlier EdiisionsE of the Dritish era

- but at the time it was one of the smallest Dritish proinces. ts capital

shifted twice between &gra and &llahabad.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohilkhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundelkhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benarashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawabs_of_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajmerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaipurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-Western_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohilkhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundelkhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benarashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawabs_of_Oudhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajmerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaipurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-Western_Provinceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_India


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3angal $andeyis widely seen as the starting point to what came to be

known as the ndian ,ebellion of 18. &fter its failure and turmoil

settled9 the Dritish made a major reamp9 in desperation" they truncated

the !elhi region from *:5$ of &gra and merged it with $unjab9 while the

&jmer- 3erwar region was merged with ,ajputana. &t the same time9

they included )udh into the state. The new state was cal

16872003 india tourisum project

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