1663 - Robert Hooke discovers

compartments he calls ‘cells’ in cork

1673 - Anton Van Leeuwenhoek produced

microscopes of 200x magnification.

1833 - Robert Brown discovers the

nucleus in cells 1859 - Charles Darwin publishes his theory on evolution.

1865 - Gregor Mendel states that there are units of

inheritance (genes)1943 - Josef Mengele

conducts horrific experiments on twins in

Nazi concentration camps to test nature /

nurture theories.

1905 - Sex chromosomes

discovered (X and Y)

1950/1953 - Rosalind Franklin uses X-ray

diffraction to discover crucial keys to the structure

of DNA

1953 - James Watson & Francis Crick create a visual model of DNA.

1989 - First birth using PGD

(~200 births using PGD since)

1978 - First ‘test-tube’ baby produced

using IVF

1995 - Plan to sequence human genome began

1997 - Dolly the sheep is first mammal to be

cloned.

2000 - In US first ‘saviour sibling’

produced using PGD

2002 - HFEA refuse use of PGD for tissue

typing alone

2003 - Human Genome project completes draft

sequence of DNA

2004 - HFEA grants first licence to allow scientists to create human stem cells using therapeutic

cloning2005 - HFEA now allows PGD to be used for tissue

matching that will treat sick siblings 2006

??

Now you have seen the advances made in genetics over the Now you have seen the advances made in genetics over the last few hundred years, what do you think will happen in the last few hundred years, what do you think will happen in the

future?future?

(- think of techniques such as cloning, gene therapy, PGD, stem cells)

student sheet

2006 -

2010 -

2020 -

2050 -

3005 -