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Interpretation

It is clear from table number 5.10.2 that the value of χ2

come to out to be signif icant at 0.01 level of confidence (table

value of χ2 at 0.01 level for 4df = 13.277)in case of level of

agreement regarding progressive Increase in number of schools

and Physical Education teachers in Himachal Pradesh

The analysis of the table reveals that concentration of

frequencies exhibit ing level of agreement regarding progressive

Increase in number of schools and Physical Education teachers in

Himachal Pradesh lies towards the +ve side of the scale. From

this it may be interpreted that in signif icantly a higher number of

administrators have authentic belief that there is a progressive

increase in the number of schools and Physical Education

teachers in Himachal Pradesh.

Present Scheme of Grants for Promotion of Sports in Schools

and College

The Government of India launched a new scheme entit led “

Assistance of recreation of Urban Sports Infrastructure” during

the current f inancial year 2010-11as a pilot scheme for two years

before it is considered for conversion to a regular after due

evaluation. The following entit ies will be el igible to receive

assistance for creation of sports infrastructure under this scheme

i.e. State Government, Local Civic Body, Schools, Colleges and

Universit ies under Central/State Government and Sports Control

Boards. The proposal from Himachal Pradesh Government in this

regard is construction of Synthetic Hockey Field at Indira

Stadium, Una, Himachal Pradesh. Depending upon the viabi l ity of

the proposal and availabi l ity of budget, admissible f inancial

assistance will be provided to the states (Government of India,

Ministry of Youth affairs and Sports, New Delhi, 2011).

Centrally sponsored sports infrastructure scheme including

the schemes for promotion of sports in school have been

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transferred to state sector w.e.f . 1/04/05 (Government of India,

Ministry of Youth affairs and Sports, New Delhi, 2011). According

to Daisy Rani (2007), This scheme aims at promotion of sports

amongst the students of schools Colleges. The scheme is

designed for:

1. Creation of Infrastructure

2. Coaching and Tournaments

Participation in Foreign Tournaments

Participat ion in foreign tournaments will be decided by the

Select ion Committee.

No participat ion in foreign tournaments shall be permitted

unless preceded by though coaching/training camps.

Government Coaching/Training Schemes

a. Government Shall bear the cost of coaching/training of the

school National teams in l imited number of sports discipline

with a view to prepare them for meaningful part icipation

international where part icipation is agreed to by the

government in principle.

b. The coaching/training shall be conducted by the school

game federation of India as far as feasible in the regional

centre of Sports Authority of India. If it is not possible, the

arrangements shall be worked out by SAI and AIU, such

that SAI will always have ful l control over the activit ies in

the camp.

c. Government may also consider holding of summer and

winter coaching camps in one or more of the discipline

given below subjects to availabil ity of funds.

Discipline Maximum number of persons

1. Athletics (Men & Women) 100

2. Hockey (Men) 36

3. Hockey (Women) 36

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4. Foot bal l (Men) 36

5. Basketball (Men) 18

6. Basketball (Women) 18

7. Volleyball (Men) 21

8. Volleyball (Women) 21

9. Wrestling (Men) 40

10. Badminton (Men) 16

11. Badminton (Women) 16

12. Table tennis (Men) 16

13. Weightlif t ing (Men) 30

d. School Games Federation of India shall obtain prior

sanction of the Government, in principle, for each camp, at

the beginning of the year. The details indicat ing national

camp/tournament, number of camps, number of participation

in each camp, duration, venue and detail with regard to

expenditure involved must be submitted along with

applicat ion. The rates for calculating the expenses should

be the rates approved by the government from time to t ime

for holding of such camps. SGFI shall , however, not charge

the government for the use of their non-consumable

facil it ies. The services of the coaches available with SAI

could be uti l ized by SGFI Depending upon the availabi l ity of

the funds. The government shall release only 50% of the

estimated expenditure submitted by SGFI in the beginning

of a particular year and remaining amount, If any, shall be

disbursed in the subsequent year on furnishing of exact

details of expenditure by AIU.

e. Government shall bear the travell ing expenses of the

athletes for reporting at the camps and for going back. This

is l imited to the single second class rai l fare plus sleeper

reservation charges though the shortest route from the

place of residence to the place of camp. Where rail services

are not available, it would be the actual bus fare of ordinary

class. Incidental charges at the rate of Rs. 40/- for every 24

166

hours of journey or part there of shall be paid in addit ion.

The amount is disbursed by SAI on the arrival and the

admission in the camp. The expenses incurred by SAI on

conducting the coaching/ training camps shall be disbursed

by the government on submission of the claims showing the

basis of calculat ion.

Scheme for Promotion of Yoga Education and Practice in

University

The scheme has been init iated during 1993-94. The

objective of the scheme is to create a competent facil ity manned

by tradit ionally trained persons for yoga education and practice

for use of the students/teachers in the schools SGFI provides

assistance to universit ies for building including housing for the

yoga centre and recurring expenditure involved in managing the

yoga centre.

National Discipline Scheme of Government of India

The scheme was popular in all schools providing physical

instructors by the government. Later this scheme was integrated

with ‘National Fitness Corps” which included N.C.C., A.C.C.,

Scouting and Safety Education Schemes now known as N.F.C.

Scheme for Promotion of Adventure

For implementation of the scheme of adventure sports for

schools college students, SGFI signed a Memorandum of

Understanding with NAF in Oct, 1992. The object ive of this

scheme is to create and foster amongst youth a spir it of

cooperative team work, adventure and capacity to bear stress and

love for nature. This scheme also intends to create and

strengthen institutional structures to supports adventure

programmes (S.R. Sharma and G.P. Gautam, 2000).

167

Sports Promotional Schemes of sports Authority of I ndia

In order to promote sports and games in the country, the

following sports promotional schemes are also being implemented

by SAI though its Regional Centres for spotting and nurturing

talented chi ldren by providing them requisite faci lit ies in terms of

sports infrastructure, sports equipment, competit ion exposure,

and scientif ic coaching etc. A talent scouting is under taken by

the SAI through State Sports Departments under the various

schemes; some of them are given below:

a. National Sports Talent Contest (NSTC) Scheme

The NSTC scheme is launched in 1985 to scout the talent

among school boys and gir ls in the age group of 9-12 years

though a battery of tests for 10 identif ied Olympic discipl ines.

These disciplines are Athletics, Badminton, Basketball,

Gymnastics, Hockey, Swimming, Table Tennis, Football,

Volleyball and Wrestl ing. And also ensure admission in adopted

schools of SAI for their scientif ic training to achieve excellence in

sports in national and international competit ions. At present 29

schools (including 8 day boarding) and two Akharas are

functioning throughout the country. The entire expenditure is

borne by the Sports Authority of India.

b. Sports Project Development Area (SPDA) Scheme

The Sports Project Development Area (SPDA) Scheme was

launched in 1988 to provide an integrated, planned and

systematic approach for creation of sports infrastructure along

with providing coaching, hostel and equipment support for

talented sportspersons in the age group of 9-14 years with the

consultat ion of State Governments. Such SPDA Centres over 80-

100 development blocks having linkages with SAI Regional

Centres at national level and Bloc Nodal Centres at grass root

level. A maximum of 4 Olympic disciplines based on the

popularity of the game in that area, are offered for training at

168

each SPDA Centre. The cost of the Scheme is shade on 50:50

basis by SAI and the concerned states. In case of States of north-

east region of the country the cost of centre is shared on 80:20

basis by SAI and the concerned states.

c. Army Boys Sports Companies (ABSC) Scheme

Army Boys Sports Companies (ABSC) Scheme is

established in 1991 with the collaborat ion of the Indian Army. It is

an extension of National Sports Talent Contest (NSTC) Scheme

to scout talented boys in the age group 8-14 years from rural,

semi-urban and tribal areas for admitt ing them into the

Regimental Centres of the Army aff i l iated to the Central Board of

Secondary Education (CBSE). A talent hunting team visits into

adjoining areas, as well as interschool competit ions for select ion

of talented boys for recruitment. Selection is based on SAI

battery test. Thereafter, they are given scient ic training in 10

discipl ines Athletics, Archery, Boxing, Basketball, Gymnastics,

Hockey, Swimming, Football, Volleyball and Wrestling. At the age

of 17 years and completion of X t h standard, the student who do

not pursue normal education can be recruited in the various

trades in the Army. At present there are 16 ABSCs at Bangalore

(2 Centre) Barei l ly, Belgaum, Danapur, Delhi, Hyderabad

(Golconda), Jabalpur, Kirkee (Pune), Nasik, Ranikhet, Roorkee,

Shil l ing (2 Centres ARC/GTC) and Subathu to train the students.

d. Sports Hostel Scheme

This scheme was introduced in 1986 to impart coaching,

training and nutri t ional support to the sportspersons who have

attained advance level of sports prof iciency at the state level to

enable them to take a berth in the national team. SAI provides

coaches, sports kit , playing facil it ies, sports equipments, medical

assistance and insurance cover, pocket al lowance, TA/DA for

participat ion in competit ion and coaching camps. There are 18

hostels at Alwar, Bilaspur (HP), Calcutta, Calicut, Chandigarh,

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Chennai, Cuttuck, Dimapur, Gandhinagar, Gauhati, Goa, Imphal,

Kandivi l i (Mambai), Secunderabad and si l l iguri.

e. Special Areal Games (SAG) scheme

This scheme was introduced in 1985 to scouting of natural

talent from tribal, rural and coastal areas of the country, keeping

in mind the physical attr ibute of the people required for achieving

excellence in a particular discipl ine like Archery, Shooting,

Athletics, Water Sports, Gymnastics, Contact sports (Judo),

Weight l if t ing and Fencing etc. The selected talented boys and

gir ls are admitted in the SAG Centres (Aizawl, Alleppy,

Bangalore, Bi laspur, Delhi, Gandhinagar, Imphal Jagatpur,

Jodhpur, Port Blair, Ranchi and Tell icherry) for scient if ic training.

f. SAI Training Centres (STC)

For Reviewing of the sports promotional schemes, the

Sports Hostel Scheme and Sports Project Development Area

(SPDA) Scheme is merged as SAI training Centres by the

government body. These cater to chi ldren in the group of 14-21

years. At present there are 40 SAI training Centres in the country.

g. Centre of Excellence

As a natural corol lary to the Sub-Junior and Junior

Schemes, the Centres of Excellence are extension of The SAI

Training Centres Scheme. A scheme has been introduced to set

up centres of Excellence at all the six Regional Centres of SAI to

attract and train meritorious sports persons with potential for

international level excellence. Selection to the Centres of

Excellence is done on merit from amongst outstanding

sportspersons who have won medals or dist inguished themselves

at the senior National level competit ions for further training at the

Regional Centres of SAI for nearly 200 days in a year. They are

provided with the state of art facil it ies, equipment and scient if ic

back up along with specialized training. These Centres of

Excellence would, in fact, be operating as regular coaching

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camps for the best available talent in India and provide two or

possibly three concurrent layers of hil ly ski l led sports persons-

giving a wider choice of talent and continuity for later select ion to

National Teams. Trainees have been selected for training at

various centres of Excellence at SAI regional Centres, in the

discipl ines of Athletics, Boxing, Hockey, Badminton, Swimming,

Lawn Tennis, Kabaddi, Table-Tennis and Weight Lif t ing.

Scheme for Sports Coaching Camp at the School Level

Himachal Pradesh due to its topography and economic

backwardness may not be in a posit ion to develop sports on large

scale but the efforts being made by government is quite

commendable. There is no denying the facts that the youth

constitutes the nucleus for competit ive sports and that only l ies in

the education insti tution. Himachal Pradesh University during a

span of 40 years has taken many strides to bring excellence in

competit ive sport but that is not enough and we have to go long

way in our future ventures. There is no denying that sports

facil it ies in higher learning inst itutions of Himachal Pradesh are

bare minimum but that too have not bee exploited to its optimum.

There is no dearth of sports talent in Himachal Pradesh if offered

right opportunity and basic faci l i t ies.

To popularize the sports and games, to involve maximum

numbers of students in sports activit ies, also to tap the talent and

to raise the standard of sports in the colleges, University wil l

organizing the coaching camps in dif ferent games in dif ferent

district. Deeping in view the interest, infrastructure and potential

of the game in part icular areas.

Sports Promotional Schemes of Sports Department of

Himachal Pradesh

The main function and schemes of Sports Department of

Himachal Pradesh are given below:-

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1. Grant-in-Aid to Himachal Pradesh Sports Council:

The Himachal Pradesh Sports council has been constituted

to boost the act ivit ies of Sports in the Pradesh. Assistance is

provided for organization of various sports act ivates which

include grant-in-aid t recognized State Sports Associations,

voluntary sports clubs, District Sports councils, organizat ion of

rural/women sports tournaments, coaching camps, Dr. Y.S.

Parmar Memorial Volleyball tournament and cash awards to

outstanding sports persons, Sports day & Sports for Special

players.

2. Stipend for NIS Trainees and Scholarship to Non-

student Sports persons:

An amount of Rs. 2400/- per annum per player is given to

NIS trainees and Rs. 1,200/- per annum per player is given to

non-student sports persons of the state. Number of sportspersons

is being benefited under this scheme.

3. Organization of Coaching/Mobile coaching camps:

Regular coaching & Mobile coaching is provided in a

scient if ic way by the department at various coaching centers

being run by the state prior to part icipation in various state, sub

junior, junior and senior national tournaments to the selected

players of the state.

4. Purchase of Sports equipments:

Funds for the purchase of consumable and non-consumable

sports equipments for various distr ict coaching centers, Sports

Hostels and Indoor stadium of the Pradesh are being provide for

purchase of sports equipment.

5. Opening of Sports hostel:

Two Sports Hostels, one at Una and other at Bilaspur are

functioning in the game of Wrestling, Athletics, Judo, Volleyball,

Hockey, Handball and Kabaddi respectively. Presently, 140 sports

172

persons are undergoing training in these sports hostels. The

inmates are being provided free boarding and lodging medical

and sports kit by the Department.

6. Construction of Playfields:

Himachal Pradesh being a hil ly state cannot construct big

stadiums/ sports f ields at every place. Therefore, as per the

sports results and popularity of the games in a particular area,

the Government of Himachal Pradesh has launched a scheme

namely, construction of playf ields. Earl ier an amount to Rs. 50,

000/- was the maximum amount sanctioned under the scheme out

of which 75% funds were met by the state Government and 25%

funds were met by the sponsoring agency. Form 2009-10, the

scheme has been amended. Now maximum Rs. 1.00 lac. 100% is

being provided to the sponsoring agency by the State

Government under Non-Plan and SCP Schemes.

7. Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan Scheme:

Youth, as defined in, the National Youth Policy (13-15

years) consti tutes nearly 40% of India’s populat ion. I f we add

together al l chi ldren, adolescents, and young men and women in

the country, the percentage rises to about 77% Sports and games

constitute a crit ical component of youth development. At present,

students are afforded sports and games opportunit ies in the

schools and Universit ies and though various sports Associat ions.

In order to identify the hidden talent available in the vi l lages of

this country in sports and games and provide them opportunit ies

to exhibit their talent through vi l lage panchayat, games and in

order to involve the vil lage youth and improve the standard of

games as well as improve performance level of the participants

the Govt. of India has launched new scheme namely, Panchayat

Yuva krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA) during 2008-09. The

Salient features of the scheme are as under:-

a. Durat ion of the Scheme: 2008-09 to 2016-17.

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b. Number of Vil lage Pannchayat/ All Panchayats 3243

Panchayats, Blocks to be covered: 77 Blocks.

c. Year wise perc entage of: First 4 years 10% and

Panchayat/Block remaining year 12%.

Details of the Components of the Scheme

� One Time Capital Seed Grant for Vil lage Panchayat:

Rs. 1.00 lac to each Panchayat will be proided as one-t ime

seed capital grant. This wil l be shared on 90:10 basis

between the central and state Government respectively for

the development of sports infrastructure at vi l lage

Panchayat level.

i. Uniform Grant

Rs. 5.00 lac to each Block wil l be provided Uniform grant.

This will be contributed on 90:10 basis between the central and

state Government respectively for the development of sports

infrastructure at block level.

a. Annual Acquisition Grant

Rs. 10,000/- to each vi l lage panchayat and Rs. 20,000/- to

each Block Panchayat wil l be provided. The Central Government

will provide 100% grant for 5 years, thereafter, the State

Government would bear the expenditiure.

b. Annual Operational Grant

Rs. 12, 000/- per annum to each vil lage panchayat and Rs.

24,000/- annum to each block panchayat. The Central

Government will provide 100% grant for 5 years, thereafter, the

State Government wil l provide the 1000% grant to meet

operational expenses of non competit ion activates, including

honorarium to Kridashree, mainantanance of infrastructure etc.

for Sports equipment and repair and maintensance etec. The

Kridashree wil l be el igible for monthly honorarium for Rs. 500/-

per month at vi l lage level and Rs. 1000/- at the Block level.

174

ii. Annual Competi tion Grant

Rs. 10,000/- for each game maximum for 5 games at Blick

level, Rs. 30,000/- each Game, maximum 10 games at District

Level and Rs. 1.00 lac each game maximum 10 Games at State

level as 100% central grant wil l be provided.

8. Organization of Women Sports Tournament:

Women sports tournament at Block, District & State Level is

organized by the Department every year. State teams participate

in the National Women Sports Tournament organized at dif ferent

venues of the country. For the conduct of district level Rs. 10,

000/- per discipline for 12 sports discipl ine and Rs. 50,000/- per

discipl ine for the State level wil l be provide respectively.

9. Grant-in-aid to Sports Associations:

Himachal Pradesh Sports Council provides grant-in-aid to

various sports associations for the promotion of sports in the

State. In addition to this, special grant for the organizat ion of

North Zone National level tournaments are also provided to the

State Associations whenever they organize

competit ions/tournaments of this level. As per the categories of

Associations Annual Grant is Rs. 75000, 50,000, & 35, 000/-

respectively to categories A, B & C classif ied games.

10. Financial Assistance under Central Sponsored Sc heme:

The Govt. of India releases funds for N.S.S activit ies in the

ratio of 75:25 as Central and State Share. Presently, National

Services Scheme is being implemented in 84 colleges and 630

Senior Secondary schools covering 71500 students of the State.

Under N.S.S activit ies, students get an opportunity to develop

their personality though combined participation in social service,

involvement in the task of National building etc. Such type of

work experience helps the students in gett ing self confidence

which further helps them in bui lding their career.

175

11. Cash Award to Outstanding Sportspersons:

Cash Awards are given to outstanding sportspersons of the

state on the basis of their achievements in the f ield of sports.

Under the Cash Award Rules, an amount of Rs. 1,00,000/-, Rs.

60,000/- and Rs. 40,000/- respectively are given to the winners of

Gold, Si lver and Bronze in International level Sports events.

Similar a cash prize of Rs. 20,000/- and Rs. 6,000/- respectively

is given to the winners of Gold, Silver and Bronze in National

level Sports events.

12. Indira Gandhi State Sports Complex at Shimla:

At Indira Gandhi Sports Complex Shimla, faci l it ies for

training in Badmintion Judo, Volleyball, Gymnastics, Table-

Tennis, Boxing, Wrestling, Mart ial Art Game Teakwondo and

Karate are available to the sportspersons. Beside this f itness

centre and aerobic facil it ies are also availale to sportspersons

and as well as to general public.

13. Construction of Stadia

Giving priority to build sports infrastructure in the State,

Department of Youth Services & Sports has laid emphasis for the

construction of stadia in tr ibal/non-tribal distr icts.

(www.youthservice. com.)

SCHEME OF “EXTENSION CENTRE OF STC/SAG CENTRE TO

COVER SCHOOLS/COLLEGES FOR WIDER COVERAGE”

Government Degree College, Hamirpur is the only college in

Himachal Pradesh which has been adopted by the Sports

Authority of India in Discipl ine of Athletics Men & Women under

the Scheme of “Extension Centre of STC/SAG Centre to cover

Schools/Colleges for wider coverage”. Under this scheme to

following faci l it ies/Financial supports is provide to the

inst itution/selected trainees:

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1. Financial Support

To supports infrastructure and equipment in the identif ied

discipl ine, f inancial supports to the tune of Rs 5000/- per trainee,

per year and not more than 1.00 lakh per annum wil l be provided

by Sports Authority of India.

2. Norms of Facil i t ies to the Trainees

i . Stipend of Rs 6000/- per trainee per year.

i i. Competit ion exposure @ Rs 2000/- per trainee per

year.

i i i . Sports kit @Rs 4000/- per trainee per year.

v. Insurance coverage.

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CHAPTER-VI

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

During the primitive days people used to indulge in sports

for the sake of entertainment. Recreation was the main aim of

sports. Greeks were considered to be f irst who brought physical

education in sports to glorious heights by making the games an

integral part of the national pol icy and education. Slowly the

concept of the sports change from recreation to competit ion.

Today we see the f lood of competit ions at international level,

such as Olympic Games, Asian games, Common wealth games,

SAIF Games, Afro Asian Games etc.

Today sports is considered integral to al l-round

development of one's personality. Making an international mark in

the f ield of sports also has a great bearing on national morale

and prestige. There are a number of agencies which are

established in India with a view to promote sports at various

levels. With the purpose of promotion of sports & games in

schools and to encourage participation in inter-school level

Government of India has started a scheme in the year 1986.

Revised from t ime to t ime, this scheme became effective in its

present form since 1.4.1998. Under this scheme, grant is

provided @ Rs. 50,000/- per district and Rs. 2 lakhs per state to

the Directorate of Sports for holding district and state level inter-

school tournaments. The State performing best at the national

level shall receive an award of Rs. 1 lakh along with a roll ing

trophy. The scheme wil l be operated directly by the State

Government. The School Games Federation of India now

conducts competit ions at the national level for games and sports

for various age groups such as sub-juniors, juniors and seniors

but the boys and girls below the age of 19 can participate.

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan is also aff i l iated with it as a

separate unit. The competit ions conducted by the federation help

178

school chi ldren to improve their performance and gives them

scope to develop inter-state contacts. The federation is also

aff i l iated with International School Games Federat ion and takes

part in the competit ions held abroad for school pupils. In Senior

Secondary School, teachers qualif ied in physical education are

appointed to teach physical education and sports. Syllabus in

physical education for High School and Senior secondary

schools, is prepared by the respective State Board for

Secondary/Higher Secondary Education, three or four periods a

week are provided for this subject in the time table. For talented

youths, special coaching classes are conducted under the

guidance of qualif ied coaches. Competit ions in sports and games

are organised at Distr ict, State and national level. By way of

incentive, scholarships for prof iciency in games and sports are

awarded every year. Competit ions in Sports at National level are

organized by the All India School Games Federation in

cooperation and f inancial support from State Governments.

Government of Himachal Pradesh in the years 1959 constituted

the State Sports Council to advise them on all matters concerned

sports and games in the Pradesh and also to function as a

coordinat ing agency between various voluntary organizations. In

recent few years, the Government of Himachal Pradesh is

committed to create a support ive environment and a conducive

culture in which all the youth will be encouraged to develop their

full potential as sports persons through provision of appropriate

opportunit ies. Promotion of excellence in sports in various levels

of tournaments would be achieved through the col laborative

efforts of government bodies and private sector. Government of

Himachal Pradesh has reserved 3% seats in Government job for

the outstanding sportsman who bring laurels to the State and

Country in f ield of Sports. The facil it ies created, the sports

programme introduced, the coaches appointed and the incentives

provided attracted the attention of sports persons of government

schools of Himachal Pradesh and helped to bring extra ordinary

179

sports achievement. They have won medals in school national

tournaments with their own resources and st i l l doing a lot for the

development of sports in Himachal Pradesh. Keeping in view the

signif icance of development of sports in Himachal Pradesh

,researcher has selected the present problem.

6.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

“A study of development of sports at school level in

Himachal Pradesh”.

6.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

For the present study the researcher had formulated the

following object ives:

1. To study the availabil ity of sports infrastructure at school

level in Himachal Pradesh.

2. To examine the sports and coaching faci l it ies at school

level in Himachal Pradesh.

3. To examine the f inance and Sports Budget of Himachal

Pradesh School Sports Associat ion since 1971 to 2011(after

gett ing the full statehood status of Himachal Pradesh.

4. To study the sports incentives (DA and refreshments) given

to the players studying in government schools of Himachal

Pradesh.

5. To examine the various sports promoting schemes and their

impact on the development of sports at the school level in

Himachal Pradesh.

6. To examine the number of games in which Himachal

Pradesh School Sports Associat ion participated in school

national games.

7. To examine the achievements/performance of Himachal

Pradesh at school national games.

8. To study the organizational and administrative setup of

sports in Educational Department of Himachal Pradesh

towards schools.

180

9. To f ind out the increase in number of schools and Physical

Education Teachers in Himachal Pradesh.

10. To f ind out the level of sat isfaction of administrators,

experts and players regarding above mentioned object ives.

6.3 HYPOTHEESIS

For the present investigat ion the following hypothesis was

formulated:

1. There would be inadequate sports infrastructure in Govt.

Senior Secondary Schools of Himachal Pradesh.

2. Sports and coaching faci l it ies in schools of Himachal

Pradesh are inadequate.

3. Finances for sports development at school level are not

suff icient.

4. Incentives given to the players and trainers are not

adequate.

5. There is no proper sports pol icy and schemes for

development of sports in schools of Himachal Pradesh.

6. Participat ion and performance in sports at school level in

Himachal Pradesh is not sat isfactory.

6.4 DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study was delimited in terms of following aspects.

1. The invest igation have been delimited to al l the twelve

districts of H.P. and its aff i l iated govt. senior secondary

schools since 1971 to 2011.

2. Games and sports in which Govt. Senior Secondary

Schools of Himachal Pradesh part icipate at School National

Games have been considered.

3. The study have been delimited to development of sports at

school level in Himachal Pradesh in terms of:

i Infrastructure and physical faci l it ies

i i Organizational and administrative set ·up.

181

ii i. Incentives given to the players and trainers.

4. Sample of administrators, experts selected for t i le purpose

to gather information regarding the research problem have

been delimited to 60 and 120 and the sample of players

have been restricted to 120 including those who have at

least participated in Himachal Pradesh school state games.

5. The records available within the Govt. schools of all

Distr icts of Himachal Pradesh and Directorate of Education

Deptt. has been incorporated in the data f igures for various

academic years w.e.f . 1971 to 2010 after getting full

statehood by Himachal Pradesh.

6.5 LIMITATIONS

1. Due to non-availabil ity of the records of a few years, they

could not be made part of this research project.

2. Data regarding facil it ies and establishment of schools

exist ing before 1970 is not available in directorate of

education.

6.6 SAMPLING

In the present investigat ion the sample considered of 300

respondents have been taken randomly.

The sample consist of 60 administrators (f ive from each

districts of Himachal Pradesh) and 120 experts (Ten from each

districts) and 120 players has been drawn to collect relevant

information regarding development of sports at school level in

Himachal Pradesh.

A. Administrators

60 administrators consist ing of principals working in

Government Senior Secondary Schools of Himachal Pradesh were

selected from all the twelve district of Himachal Pradesh (f ive

from each distr ict).

182

B. Experts

A sample of 120 experts was drawn from all the twelve

districts of Himachal Pradesh. The experts included DPEs and

Physical Education Teachers posted in dif ferent government

schools of all districts of Himachal Pradesh.

C. Players

A sample of 120 players was taken from twelve distr icts of

H.P. While select ing players i t was observed that players

participat ing at H.P. State school sports tournaments 2008 at

Sunder Nagar and Una respectively were taken as player sample.

6.7 TOOLS USED

The following tools were used for the collect ion of data.

1. Questionnaire for Administrators.

2. Questioning for experts.

3. Questioning for players.

4. Schedule.

5. Off ice Records

Besides the above mentioned tools the use of off ice records

of Himachal Pradesh School Sports Association and interviews

were also made for this purpose.

6.8 ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION

The data in the present study was tabulated systematically

and analyzed by using the techniques of percentages and χ2.

General Conclusions

On the basis of analyses and interpretat ion of data

discussed earlier following conclusions are laid down.

1. Sports Infrastructure :- Majority of respondents from the

sample of administrators under study expressed their

dissat isfaction with sports infrastructure faci l it ies such as

athletics, combat games, aquatics and winter games

183

provided by government of Himachal Pradesh. Hence

hypothesis is accepted.

2. Playing Facil i t ies:- Majority of respondents from the

sample of administrators under study expressed their

dissat isfaction with playing faci l i t ies in big area and indoor

games i.e. football ground, hockey ground, table tennis

court, indoor gym, wrestl ing area , boxing ring and Judo

arena. While administrators expressed their sat isfaction

with playing faci l it ies provided by concerned inst itut ions

concerning Badminton court, Athletic track, Basketball

court, Kho-Kho court, Kabaddi court, and Vollyball court.

On the other hand Majority of respondents from the sample

of experts and players under study expressed their dissatisfaction

with playing faci l i t ies provided to the players by the concerned

inst itutions. Hence hypothesis is accepted.

3. Coaching Facil i t ies:- Majority of respondents from the

sample of administrators under study expressed their

dissat isfaction with coaching faci l it ies regarding holding of

offseason coaching camps and competit ion coaching

camps. While experts are dissatisf ied with holding of

offseason coaching camps and and in case of competit ion

coaching camps experts are sat isf ied.

On the other hand Majority of respondents from the sample

of players under study expressed their satisfaction with the view

that offseason coaching camps and competit ion coaching camps

are organized only sometimes by the concerned inst itutions.

Players were also asked to express their satisfact ion regarding

duration of holding offseason coaching camps and regarding

holding coaching camps before actual competit ion. Majority of

respondents from the sample of players were satisf ied with the

duration of holding offseason coaching camps and regarding

184

holding coaching camps before actual competit ion by the

concerned inst itutions.

4. Budget and Finance:- Himachal Pradesh School Sports

Association has increased its sports budget since its

inception. Entry fee is col lected from its aff i l iated District

School Sports Association for conducting state level school

tournaments besides this grant in aid from government side

is also collected by Himachal Pradesh School Sports

Association for the development of sports in schools at

state and national level. The Himachal Pradesh School

Sports Associat ion also bears the expenses of uniforms,

fooding and lodging for players for the purpose of

participat ion at School National Games. The data shows

that there is a progressive increase in the sports budget of

Himachal Pradesh School Sports Association w.e.f . 1971 to

2011 respectively.

5. Incentives:- The data shows that there is a progressive

increase in the DA and refreshment of the players for the

participat ion at state level and national level tournaments

w.e.f . 1971 to 2011 respectively. It was f ixed @ Rs. 5/- and

Rs. 10/- per student per day at state level and national level

tournament in the year 1971-1972 and it was raised up to

Rs 50/- and Rs 80/- in the state in the year 1999-2000. Now

during the year 2010-11, DA of the players was raised @ Rs

60/- And Rs 125/- for the part icipation of the players at

state level and national level tournaments. Majority of

respondents from the sample of 60 administrators and 120

experts are not satisf ied with the incentives given to the

players at state level and national level tournaments. On

the other hand Majority of respondents from the sample of

players under study expressed their satisfaction with the DA

and refreshment provided to them for the participation only

at national level tournaments and expressed their

185

dissatisfaction with the DA and refreshment provided to

them for the participation at state level tournaments. Hence

hypothesis is accepted.

6. Selection Procedure of Players And Appointment of

Selectors:- Majority of respondents from the sample of 60

administrators and 120 experts has expressed their

dissat isfaction with the Section Procedure Of Players And

Appointment Of Selectors at zonal level tournaments

,however they expressed their sat isfaction with the Section

Procedure Of Players And Appointment Of Selectors at

district, state and national level tournaments.

7. Sports Promoting Schemes:- Sports hostels in Himachal

Pradesh are needed for the purpose of sports promotion in

Himachal Pradesh. Presently Himachal Pradesh Education

Department is running sports hostels with in state in the

game of Hockey, Basketball , Football, and Volleyball at

Paprola, Nadaun, Sundernagar, Majra, Rohru ,Jubbal and

Matiana respectively. All the expenses of fooding ,lodging

and coaching of the players are sponsored by Education

Department of Himachal Pradesh.

Besides this there are also three sports hostels in Himachal

Pradesh managed by sports authority of India and by Youth

Service and Sports Department of Himachal Pradesh at

Dharamshala, Bi laspur and Una respectively. In these hostels

many players studying in the government schools of Himachal

Pradesh are avail ing coaching facil it ies (between age group of 14

years up to 21 years olds). Dharamshala sports hostel is only for

gir ls.

Majority of respondents from the sample of 60

administrators has expressed their dissatisfaction with availabil ity

of the playing faci l it ies which are include in Sports Promoting

Schemes such as Professionally Trained Personsand Lack of

186

professional Leadership.The sample of administrators has also

expressed their satisfaction with availabil ity of the playing

facil it ies such as availabi l ity of Proper Play Ground, Latest

equipments required and Sports faci l it ies required.

On the other hand about holding of Intra-mural programmes

with in the inst itut ions and need of sports hostels , majority of

respondents from the sample of experts are strongly in the favour

that intra-mural programmes with in the schools plays a very vital

role in sports promotion schemes.

8. Participation in Number of Games at School Nati onal

Games:- The data shows that there is a progressive

increase in the participat ion in number of games in boys

and girls sect ion in the age group of under-19 at School

National Games w.e.f 1973-74 to 2010-2011. Himachal

Pradesh School Sports Association has increased its

participat ion in number of games at school national games

in boys and gir ls section both in the year of 1973-74 boys

and girls sportsperson part icipated in 06 and 02 games

respectively, but during the year of 2010 and 2011

participat ion at nat ional level in maximum number of games

raised up to 14 and 12 respectively.

9. Sports Performance:- The data shows that there is a

progressive increase in the sports performance of Himachal

Pradesh School Sports Associat ion in U-19 boys and gir ls

sections (both) at School National Games w.e.f . 1976 to

2011. During the year 1976 to U-19 boys 1981 Himachal

Pradesh has won four medals and U-19 girls did not won

any medal and started to win medals during the years 1981

to 1986 gir ls won four medals in School National Games. A

progressive increase in the sports performance was

recorded in both boys and gir ls during the years 2006 to

2011 and boys won 15 medals and gir ls won thirteen medals

in School National Games. The data also shows a

187

progressive increase in game wise performances of

sportspersons of Himachal Pradesh at School National

Games in boys and girls sections w.e.f . 1971 to 2011.

Maximum 33 medals were won by boxers Athletes and

Kabaddi players have won seventeen medals, Wrestlers 16,

Volleyball , Hockey players and judo players 16, 09, 08 and

06 medals at School National Games. Handball, basketball

and Kho-Kho has also won four medals each in School

National Games.

However results of the study also reveals that Percentage

responses of the sample of 120 Experts relates to the level of

satisfaction regarding sports performance of the players studying

in schools of Himachal Pradesh at national level ,majority of

respondents are not satisf ied with sports performance of the

players Himachal Pradesh at School National Games.

1. Organizational And Administrative Set Up of Spor ts and

Physical Education in Himachal Pradesh Education

Department:- Each school is governed by certain posit ional

heads and other staff who shape the physical education and

sports department of the institution. The organizational and

administrative set up of sports and physical education

activit ies at school level in Himachal Pradesh depicts with

Himachal Pradesh Govt. Ordinance that Himachal Pradesh

Government shall appoint two whole t ime Directors of

Education (one for Higher Education and one for

Elementary Education Department). Directors of Higher

Education shall be directly responsible to the Secondary

Education and will be the President of Himachal Pradesh

School Sports Associat ion for organizing games, sports,

athletics, training camps and other physical activit ies for the

students studying in schools of twelve districts of Himachal

Pradesh. However Deputy Director of Physical Education at

Directorate of Higher Education wil l be the Secretary of

188

Himachal Pradesh School Sports Association and bears the

responsibi l ity to Conduct school state games and wil l be

incharge of the gymnasia, playground and sports

equipments of Himachal Pradesh school sports council.

At Distr ict Level Assistant Distr ict Physical Education

Off icer (ADPEO) wil l look after the working of the school sports

and games. Presently two posts of ADPEO’s exists in every

districts of Himachal Pradesh (One of Higher Education

Department and other of Elementary Education Department).

Demonstrator of Physical Education (DPE) and Physical

Education Teacher (PET) are experts of physical education and

sports, who are working in all the twelve districts of Himachal

Pradesh. They impart coaching to the pupils in al l the games and

athletics according to the climate conditions. DPE’s of Senior

Secondary Schools are also teaching the theory and practical of

physical education subject.

Recommendations

1. The intensive survey ref lects that majority of inst itutions do

not have adequate space for playground. Many games

requires spacious, f lat, open area for their conduct and

pract ice. The geographic terrains of Himachal Pradesh

poses a hindrance in this regard. Therefore it is

recommended that such sports should be encouraged which

requires lesser space.

2. The extreme climate condit ions in some areas of Himachal

Pradesh prevent activit ies related with sports for l imited

period of t ime. To encourage sports even during adverse

climatic conditions it is strongly recommended that there

should be at least one indoor gymnasium in every education

inst itutions. The facil ity of indoor stadium will be a great

boon for games like boxing, wrest ling. Weightlif t ing, jodo,

volleyball etc. al l the year round.

189

3. Survey of sports development in schools of Himachal

Pradesh shows that there are very few inst itution which are

well equipped indoor gymnasium. Very less f inancial

assistance is available in this regard. However, there are

certain agencies that can provide assistance in this regard.

The heads of these agencies and the funds that they can

allocate in this respect, Agencies Himachal Pradesh

government, sports authority of India, factory owners or

private companies, publication of books, magazines,

journals which contain commercial advert isement and

sponsors.

4. Offseason coaching and training camps are an essential

prerequisite for school players. These preparat ion camps

would prove very beneficial for the players. And for inter

University level players coaching camp of minimum one

month is an essential; pre- requisite. If an inst itut ion is

running short of funds to organize such camps then the

heads of the inst itution should be able to arrange the

f inance by divert ing funds from other sources and by

exhort ing dif ferent agencies to provide funds for this

purpose.

5. In order to develop schools and colleges, Government

should ensure that there is a sports complex in each school

should also hold sports competit ions and championships in

these schools coaching facil it ies should also be provided in

these institutions in the area of their specialization. The

outstanding and talented boys and gir ls of various games

should be exposed to various competit ions at the state level

and services of the best coaches may be provided to them

so as to achieve excellence in their respective disciplines.

6. There is an immediate requirement of appointing more

DPE’s ,PET’s and coaches. The number of DPE’s and PET’s

190

in the insti tution should be appointed keeping in view the

number of students in an inst itut ion. Frequent matches

before the actual competit ion would enhance the

performance and ensure acclimatization and team spir it

among the players of a team. Weaknesses and gray areas

can be identif ied.

7. Fair selection of players where only the meritorious and the

best players are selected impartial ly is very important. For

the fair select ion the committee constituted should be of

members who are well versed with sports and games. The

committee members can be a DPE of the school and

experts of the game. The selection procure should be

transparent and rigorous so that deserving candidates can

be selected.

8. Separate sports wing should be consti tuted in the schools in

collaborat ion of state youth and sports department. While

constitut ing sports wing the feasibi l i ty and faci l i t ies of a

particular institution should be kept under consideration.

Apart from this sports hostels are an essential pre-requisite

for sportspersons in every distr ict. Some seats should be

reserved for outstanding sportspersons in the already

exist ing sports hostel. Admission to sports person can be

given on the basis of merit. Some concession in the from of

free boarding and lodging can be given to these students

and extra diet can be provided to sportsperson.

9. The various quarters should be convinced of the importance

and need of physical education so that they wil l whole

heartedly patronize the steps that the physical educators

undertake. The state government should give priority to the

physical educators to raise standard of physical education

as well as maximize their contribut ion in this f ield.

10. Faci l it ies for all games should be provided free of cost.

Tracksuit and game kit should be provided free of cost by

concerned inst itution during inter-schools competit ions

191

11. Incentives to be given are not only meant for students but

also for teacher and coaches because teacher can motivate

the students in turn for more and more part icipat ion. No

efforts should be spared for attracting the students for

participat ion in these active massively through incentives.

12. A special mention of performance in games and activit ies

should be made in the academic certif icate apart from

general division and marks.

13. Unti l and unless the games and sports including physical

activit ies are given the highest priority and sublime status in

the state, the development in this f ield could not be

possible. Physical education subject should be regarded as

an integral part of education process for the al l round

development of the individual.

14. Suff icient funds should be sanctioned for schools of

Himachal Pradesh so that at least, basic faci l it ies should be

provided for the development of sports.

Suggestion for Further Research

1. The Present study was delimited to Government Senior

Secondary schools of all the twelve Distr icts of Himachal

Pradesh. Similar comparative studies may also be

conducted on development of sports in rural and urban area

Government schools of Himachal Pradesh.

2. Similar studies can be undertaken on the contribut ion of

dif ferent states in promotion of sports in India.

3. Study may be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of

coaching camps with regard to the performance of players

studying in government schools of Himachal Pradesh.

4. Comparative study of performance of Himachal Pradesh at

school nat ional games in Athlet ics, Boxing and Wrestling

may be conducted.

5. Attitude of student players of Himachal Pradesh towards

physical education and sports may also be invest igated.

192

6. Study on gender discrimination and attitude towards

Physical Education by the parents may also be undertaken.

7. Behaviour of Administrators and Higher authorit ies towards

Physical Education and sports may also be examined.

8. A study of causes of migration of sports person from

Himachal Pradesh to other states may also be conducted.

193

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