APPLICATION OF DOMAIN AND WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES IN CRYSTALS FOR NONLINEAR OPTICS

2

Optical Fibre CableCopper Cable

Material Material processingprocessing

SensorsSensors

DisplayDisplay

Long haul data Long haul data transmissiontransmission

Data storageData storage

OpticalMechanical

1900 1950 2000

Cathode Ray Tube Optical Flat Panels

Electrical Optical

Magnetic Optical (CD, DVD,...)

2050

Optical technologies vs. othersOptical technologies vs. others

3

Consumer ProductsConsumer Products• Mobile phones: displays, cameras, and LEDs• Flat panel high definition LCD TVs: displays and backlights• Portable music and video players: displays• Digital camera: displays, image sensor and flash• Entertainment: displays, data storage, communications

1. ICT & Consumer Photonics1. ICT & Consumer Photonics

Optical CommunicationsOptical Communications• Internet: Voice over IP, music, email, Web, eCommerce• Fibre to the premises : Video on Demand, telemedicine

DisplaysDisplays• Microdisplays• Televisions 2D and 3D• Holographic displays• Advertising, indoor and outdoor messaging systems• Low-power displays• Projection and light shutters• Low-and high resolution displays

Optical Data StorageOptical Data Storage• CD and DVD media recorders, and Blu-ray• Workstation and PC network data storage

4

2. Life Sciences 2. Life Sciences & & HealthcareHealthcare

InstrumentationInstrumentation• Microscopy (confocal, etc)• Endoscopy• Genomics/proteomics• Biosensors: Pulse Oximetry• Cellular and Clinical imaging: 4D studies, Tomography

BiophotonicsBiophotonics• Diagnostics: non invasive imaging• Treatment: laser surgery (cutting, drilling), Photodynamic Therapy • Pathogen detection: Raman spectroscopy• Drug development• Biometrics

Bio-chipBio-chip

5

3. Defence and Security3. Defence and Security

Surveillance, Targeting AcquisitionSurveillance, Targeting Acquisition, , and Reconnaissanceand Reconnaissance• Visual sights, periscopes• Displays• Lasers: range-finding, laser imaging, systems• Remote sensing: typically employing multi-spectral techniques or passive IR sensors• Forward Looking IR-imaging (thermal)• Perimeter security: IR sensors, image processing, optical sensors• Checkpoint/Port/Airport security:THz imaging, Raman spectroscopy and image processing• Target imaging and identification• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles • Sensing: Chemical & biohazard, structural health monitoring

Command, Control,Command, Control, Communications ComputersCommunications Computers,, and and IntelligenceIntelligence• Secure communications: Quantum computing and Quantum Cryptography• Optical fibre: RF signal processing and transmission

6

4. Lighting and Energy4. Lighting and Energy

PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics• Solar cells

Solid State LightingSolid State Lighting• Architectural, amenity, messaging systems, signal, commercial and residential lighting: - Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes, - Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Fuel AnalysisFuel Analysis

Energy Infrastructure Energy Infrastructure SecuritySecurity

7

ImagingImaging• Quality control and inspection• Automated recognition• Thermal imaging• Security certification• Document scanning

5. Industrial Photonics5. Industrial Photonics

LasersLasers• Cutting, welding, drilling and marking• Micromachining• Non-contact metrology and reverse engineering• Material processing including surface hardening• Scanning and positioning Sensing• Security and intrusion• Chemical and Biological agents• Smart industrial and powerutility monitoring• Biophotonic/medical applications• Positioning and control• Traffic monitoring

8

IInformation & Communicationnformation & Communication TechnologiesTechnologies

Example 1Example 1

The Network of the Future: broadband networks and ultra high speed

9

Opportunities of optical Opportunities of optical communicationscommunications

“…Light transmission through optical fibers will enable transmission capacities per carrier in the 100 Tbps range by 2015…”

© Telekom © France Telecom

source: Photonics 21: European Technology platform, 2006

10

ExampleExample 22

Lighting and DisplaysLighting and Displays

11

19 th century incandescent

20 th century gas discharge

21 st century solid state

Evolution of the light Evolution of the light sourcessources

12

LED lighting: library La Roche sur Yon, France, © Philips

LED lightingLED lighting

New generation of MultiLEDs ©Osram

мост

HBLED lighting: bridge in Scotland, UK, © Philips

13

Large outdoor displays based on LEDs, Chicago, © Barco

The World’s lagest LED-based LCD TV-82” © Sumsung

LED displaysLED displays

14Flexible active matrix e-paper

display©Plastic Logic Limited

Flexible OLED Flexible OLED displaysdisplays

Transtarent FOLED ©Universal Display

Corp.

NONLINEAR CRYSTALS FOR LASER NONLINEAR CRYSTALS FOR LASER AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIESAND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO3 )

Potassium niobate (KNbO3)

Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP, KTiOPO4) The “KTP family” of materials also includes KTA (KTiOAsO4), RTP (RbTiOPO4) and RTA (RbTiAsPO4).

KDP crystals, including one with very large size.

 A block of LBO and some crystals cut

from such material. 

Second harmonic generationSecond harmonic generation

Effects on Conversion Effects on Conversion EfficiencyEfficiency

TECHNIQUE OF PLANAR TECHNIQUE OF PLANAR PERIODICALLY-POLED STRUCTURES PERIODICALLY-POLED STRUCTURES ((PPSPPS)) FABRICATION FABRICATION

Schematic presentation of direct e-beam writing upon Y-cut surface by the set local irradiations to fabricate

a planar domain grating

Ferroelectric domain

inverted gratings were

fabricated by a set of local

e-beam irradiations in a

scanning electron

microscope with the use of

the NanoMaker program to

construct the set of

irradiations and to vary

doses of them.

Photo of PPS fragment obtained by chemical etching of Y-cut Zn:LiNbO3 waveguide

The surface of one LiNbO3

crystal that was chemically

etched.

Application of this method

doesn’t permit further use of

crystal as radiation converter.

VISUALIZATION OF IMAGE BY CHEMICAL VISUALIZATION OF IMAGE BY CHEMICAL ETCHINGETCHING

Photos of different PPS obtained by chemical etching of nominally pureY-cut LiNbO3

Fragment for image of PPS obtained in Y-cut LiNbO3 sample by the method of the second harmonic microscopy by the objective with the zoom 20* and digital camera-ocular DCM 310

Thank You for Your Attention!Thank You for Your Attention!