1.3.7 metabolic role of biomolecules. 2 what does the ‘metabolic role of biomolecules’ mean?...
TRANSCRIPT
1.3.7 Metabolic Role of Biomolecules
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What does the ‘Metabolic Role of Biomolecules’ mean?
Metabolic = metabolism = all the chemical reactions in a cell
Role = function/job or position/involvement
Biomolecules = carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Metabolic Role of Biomolecules = the function / job / involvement of carbohydrates, fats, proteins in the chemical reactions in cells making various substances for living things
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Metabolic Role of Carbohydrates and Lipids
These are the primary sources of energy for metabolism – e.g.
• glucose (carbohydrate) is an immediate source of energy
• lipids are a long-term energy storage
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Metabolic Role of Carbohydrates and Lipids
They are important in the following processes:
Respiration – energy is released when glucose is broken down to form carbon dioxide and water – catabolism
Photosynthesis – glucose molecules are made from carbon dioxide and water using the sun’s energy – anabolism
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Metabolic Role of Proteins
All enzymes are proteins and have a folded shape. Enzymes control the chemical reactions in cells.
e.g. enzymes control the processes of photosynthesis and respiration
Chlorophyll is a protein that traps the sun’s energy during photosynthesis
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Learning check
1. Give examples of the primary sources of energy for metabolism
Glucose & Lipids
2. Name two important metabolic pathways and state whether they are anabolic or catabolic
Photosynthesis – anabolic
Respiration – catabolic
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Metabolic Role of Hormones
Hormones regulate body functions
e.g. the hormone insulin controls the amount of glucose in the blood
Oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone are other hormones controlling human sexual development
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Learning check
What is the metabolic role of protein?
Enzymes are proteins.
Enzymes control the processes of photosynthesis and respiration
Chlorophyll is a protein that traps the sun’s energy during photosynthesis
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Metabolic Role of Vitamins
Definition: can you remember it
Vitamins are essential organic catalysts of metabolism
They are needed in small amounts for the correct functioning of the body
They cannot be made by the body
They must be in the diet
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Vitamin C
Chemical name: ascorbic acid
Solubility: water soluble
Function: for building connective tissue i.e. tissue used for attaching organs together or for protection, e.g. skin, blood vessels, bone, tendons, cartilage, ligaments
Source: Citrus Fruits, Green vegetables
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Vitamin D
Chemical name: calciferol
Solubility: fat soluble
Function: needed to absorb calcium from food. Calcium needed for healthy teeth and bone formation and their maintenance
Source: Dairy products, fish liver oils, egg yolk, made by skin in sunlight
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Learning check
For the vitamins C & D give the following
The chemical name -
Solubility -
Function -
Source in the diet -
Vit C Vit DAscorbic acid
Water soluble
Connective tissue formation
One source
Calciferol
Fat soluble
Absorb calcium
One source
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Vitamin deficiency disorders
Lack of Vitamin C causes scurvy
Symptoms: soft bleeding gums, bad and loose teeth
Lack of Vitamin D causes rickets in young children
Symptoms: softening of the bones of the spinal column and bowlegs
osteomalacia in adults Symptoms: the bones lose calcium and become
weak – common in vegans
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Need to know• State that carbohydrates & lipids act as a
primary source of energy • State that proteins act as enzymes and are
made of amino acids • State that hormones (protein) act as
regulators of metabolic activity • State that vitamin C & D are used for tissue
growth, cell production and health maintenance
• Name disorders associated with deficiency of a water soluble and a fat-soluble vitamin
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