Modern Spatial Knowledge Management Analytical and Visualization Tools for better Water

Resources Management and Planning

September 16, 2014

Data

Information

Knowledge

Wisdom to make Decisions

Ocean

River Basin Boundary

Irrigation

Navigation

…there is a need for a shared vision of the landscape

to integrate the activities of multiple actors…

Industry

Urban WSS

Precipitation

Agriculture Department

Irrigation Department

Rural Water Supply Department

Urban Water Supply Department

Power Department

Livestock Department

Industry Department

Environment Department

Fisheries Department

Transport Department

Tourism Department

Groundwater Department

Surface Water Department

Reservoir

Recreation

Hydropower

Forest Department

Ocean Development/CZM Department

Fishing

Rainfed Agr

Livestock

Forest

Rural WSS

Irrigation

Groundwater

Infiltration / Recharge

Base Flow / Pumping

Groundwater Inflow

Groundwater Outflow

Runoff

Return Flow

Community Use

Wetlands / Environment

Trans-boundary Water Institutions

A Basin Perspective …

Agriculture & Livestock (pesticide and fertilizer pollution, livestock

fodder, grazing land availability, medicinal

plants, pest/pesticide management, organic

cultivation, clean milk production)

Irrigation (access to water,

waterlogging, water quality,

siltation/erosion)

Rural Water Supply & Sanitation (access to clean water, pollution of local water

bodies, drinking water quality & testing)

Industry & Power (access to required water, industrial

effluent and sludge management, thermal

pollution, industrial disasters)

Environment (water quality/pollution monitoring, e-

flows/instream flow requirements

(incl. community use), wetlands

protection, biodiversity conservation,

sand mining)

Fisheries-related (exotic species, access to

resources, disease & pollution)

Navigation (dredging spoil management, spills)

Tourism (waste management, seasonal

demands)

Groundwater-Related (Overexploitation;

Pollution from natural sources – e.g. of

As, Fl; and from anthropogenic

sources – e.g. of Nitrates, Pesticides,

TDS)

Land & Forest Management (catchment protection for soil and water

conservation, soil degradation, incl. salinization,

biodiversity conservation, recharge, water

harvesting, non-point source runoff)

Coastal Zone Management (Saline water intrusion, coastal wetland management, ocean

pollution, coastal hazard management, fisheries-related)

Urban (health benefits from access to clean water and

sanitation, domestic and stormwater runoff

treatment/management, sludge management, solid

and hazwaste management)

Climate & Disasters (droughts, floods and other natural

disasters, climate change)

Overall (environmental awareness, competition for water, growing demands,

construction and operation-related safeguards, environmental

knowledge base and decision support systems, adequacy of

policies, institutions, instruments, incentives & coordination in

management of the resource base and service delivery; cultural

property management, appropriate indigenous knowledge use)

Dams (siltation, dam safety,

downstream releases)

Typical

Environmental Issues

in a Basin Context

Towards Meaningful Decision Support Systems…

Knowledge Base/Knowledge Products

Spatial and other data and analysis, Documents, Web, Products

Analytical Tools/Models Optimization/Simulation/Multi-Criteria

For Planning/Management/Operation/…

Decision Support Services

Investments Operations

Collaboration

Data

Information

Knowledge

Decision-Making

Man

age

me

nt

Op

tio

ns

(Po

licy,

Eco

no

mic

, Te

chn

ical

)

Sta

keh

old

er

Inte

racti

on

To

mean

ing

full

y e

ng

ag

e, b

uil

d

aw

are

ness &

co

nsen

su

s

What tools can we use to promote IWRM? Information & Analysis

• Data/Knowledge Base

• Knowledge Products

• Models

Soils

Canals

Wetlands

•

•

•

•

•

•

Rivers

Knowledge Products

Khartoum

Asyut

Luxor

Nasir Reservoir

Kassala

Wad MadaniKusti

Malakal

Tana Lake

E G Y P T

S U D A N

S O U T H S U D A NE R I T R E A

E T H I O P I AAddis Ababa

Asmara

Cairo

JubaGonder

Bahir Dar

Jimma

GDP (million $/sq.km.)Data source: NOAA, 2006

Country boundaryMajor river

Capital city

Lake/Sea

E N T R OEastern Nile Technical

Regional Office

0 - 0.5

2 - 1

2 - 3

4 - 5

6 - 10

11 - 25

26 - 50

51 - 100

101 - 150

151 - 1,194

Monthly Blue Nile Flows at Khartoum

Annual Blue Nile Flows at Khartoum

Blue Nile Sub-Basin•Public Domain Datasets/Products

•Hardcopy and Interactive Atlases

•State of the Basin Reports

•Interactive Collaborative Portal/Website

•Mobile “Apps”

•Bulletins/Newsletters

•…

-

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Flo

w (

bill

ion

cu

bic

me

ters

)Ganges Flow at Farakka

Source: Global Runoff Data Center 1949-1973

Min

Max

Mean

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Delta Rivers

Ganges-Max

Ganges-Min

Brahmaputra-Max

Brahmaputra-Min

Meghna-Max

Meghna-Min

Highly Variable Flow Dynamic System

Rapidly growing population

Very Variable Climate

Delhi

Kota

Jaipur

Indore

Agra

Bhopal

Aligarh

Gwalior

Meerut

Moradabad

Bareilly

Lucknow

Kanpur

Allahabad Varanasi

Kathmandu

Patna

Asansol

Kolkata

Khulna

15 million

22 million

2.3 million

28 million

20 million

3.1 million

3.3 million

4.5 million

15 million

13 million

Population in 2000

Population in 2010

Population in 2025

New Ways of Visualizing Complex Data

Many new Innovations

Google Earth/Similar Products

Innovative Hardware (e.g. Tablets)

Interactive Documents

Online Portals

Near Real-Time “Top-down” Datasets Global Spatial Datasets

Building on public-domain datasets & services…

“Bottom-up” Monitoring tools

“Top-down” Real-Time Hydromet Data

“Space-based Rain Gauge” e.g. TRMM

“Space-based Stream Gauge” e.g. AMSR

“Space-based Reservoir Levels” e.g. TOPEX/JASON1&2/ENVISAT

Weather Products

“Space-based Groundwater monitoring” e.g. GRACE

+ Snowcover, Glaciers, Soil Moisture, Temperature, Evapo-transporation, Landcover, and much more…

Data Repositories

to store and serve both raw feed and

processed data (on Cloud Platform)

Telemetry

Dissemination Platforms

Crowd-sourced / Community Surveillance Data

Earth observation data access via suitable mechanisms (e.g. Internet, GeoNetCast)

Web Portals (e.g. integrated hydromet

visualization platforms)

Stakeholder Alerts

Soils

Canals

Wetlands

•

•

•

•

•

•

Rivers

GIS and other datasets Data Rescue

Data Management & Modeling

(for weather, hydrological,

inundation & other forecasts – short-term

and seasonal; water quality, erosion mgmt,

etc.) Operational

Control Rooms “Bottom-up” Data Acquisition System Manual Monitoring Automated Monitoring Radars

Interaction with other Knowledge Base and Analytical Systems

“Top-Down” Data Acquisition System

Satellite Earth Observation

…that can be integrated into an integrated Basin Information Services Systems

Flood Modeling e.g. Demonstration of Value of Regional Cooperation for flood forecasting and warning improvement in Sudan, Ethiopia, and Egypt.

Land Cover Rainfall-Runoff Slope Length/Steepness Soil Erodibility

Soil Erosion estimates at watershed level

Spatial Analysis (e.g. Erosion Hotspot Mapping)

Lake Victoria Environmental Management Program

Investment Planning

Existing Water Supply (dom, comm, ind) demand

Proposed DWS

Existing Irrigation scheme

Proposed new or expansion of existing irrigation scheme

Environmental flow requirement (EFR)

Existing Reservoir

Proposed new reservoir

Existing Reservoir to be rehabilitated

Aquifer Node

Connection Node

Start Node

S6 S7

Logar R.C4

C3

C2

C1R4: Tangi

Wardak

R7: Gat

R3: Chak-e-

WardakR2: Kajab

D4D2

S5

Surkhab R.

Charkh R.

R5: Karwan R6: Surkhab

C5

S1

C12

D7

A2

S3

R12: Haijan

A4

C10

S3a

A4a

C12a

D3

D3a

A1

D5

C6

D11

D30

D14

Kabul City C9

R1

R1a

R13: Amir Ghazi

S12

C7

R14: MaripurC8

Butkhak R.

S10

C16

R10: Panjshir I

(Gulbahar)

R9: Barak

D23

S10AS9 Salang R.

Panjshir R.

C21

S8

Garband R.

R8: Totumdara

D20

C20

C19

R11: Bagdara

A3 C24

S11

Barikow R.

C22

C23

Panjshir R.

Kabul R.

Kabul River Basin System Schematic

U. Kabul/

Maidan R.

Paghman R.

Qargha R.

C4a

D4a

(Einak Mine)

C32

R15: Naghlu

R16A: Sarubi 1

R16B: Sarubi 2

R17: Laghman A

R18: Darunta

R19: Konar A

R20: Konar B

"Site 4"

D40

R21: Kama

D42

C34

D43

C36

S16

S13

S15

D38D41

D37

C30

E1

Pul-i-Qarghai Hyd. Unit

C31

C33

2

S14

D39

Khas Konar on Konar R.

Pul-i-Gawerdesh (Lanay River)

S17 C37

Kabul River tributaries

south of the Surkhand

No Data on Flow

D43 is about 36000ha

C35

Surkhrud River

Kabul River at Dakah

No Data for Gauge at

Saltanpur

D42 is about 22000ha

S13A

Earth Observation Data (e.g. mostly global data and knowledge products on weather, land cover, floods, discharge, groundwater, etc. from NASA, ESA, NOAA, Regional and National Space Agencies, etc.)

Global Spatial Datasets (e.g. topography, historical climate, hydrology, climate change projections, land cover, snow, population, administrative areas, gridded GDP, and a range of other social, environmental, and economic indicators)

Datasets from Regional and Local Institutions (e.g. information on measured or computed detailed datasets on weather, flows, agriculture, generation, etc. from regional institutions, ministries, Universities, NGOs, private sector, etc.)

Other Datasets (e.g. from publications, model outputs, data rescue of legacy paper data, crowd-sourcing, research, surveys, etc.)

Soils

Canals

Wetlands

•

•

•

•

•

•

Rivers

Integrated Mobile App/Portal

e.g. “Spatial Agent” type online tools can be used to visualize both data and model outputs (e.g. creating “dashboards”

Innovative Web and Mobile Apps

Dashboards for Decision-Makers

Spatial or Geo Stories e.g. Interactive Natural Resources Management Atlas for Uganda

Spatial Stories

Population and Disaster Risk Management

Envisioning Future Knowledge Centers • Knowledge & Analysis center: Data/Knowledge

Base, Knowledge Products • Outreach/Interaction: Portals, Apps,

Videoconferencing, Podcasts, Internships, Visiting Scholars