114 santanu
Upload: 4th-international-conference-on-advances-in-energy-research-icaer-2013
Post on 01-Nov-2014
276 views
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
S Bandyopadhyay 1/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Pinch Analysis for Multi-Dimensional Sustainable Energy
Systems Planning
Raymond R. Tan De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
Santanu BandyopadhyayIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
S Bandyopadhyay 2/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Classification of Design Activities
Hierarchical Analysis
InteractiveAutomatic
Qualitative
Quantitative
Heuristics Rules(rules of thumb)
Knowledge Based Systems (rule-based automated approaches)
Thermodynamic Methods(Pinch Analysis, Exergy Analysis)
Optimization Methods(Mathematical Programming, Stochastic Search Methods) Process Integration and
Optimization
S Bandyopadhyay 3/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
What Is Process Integration?
Systematic and General Methods for Designing Integrated Production Systems, ranging from Individual Processes to Total Sites, with special emphasis on the Efficient Use of Energy and reducing Environmental Effects.
This definition points to design methods, but the term Process Integration is also used to describe physical arrangements such as the interconnection of equipment and process streams in a plant.
S Bandyopadhyay 4/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Categories of Process IntegrationMathematical optimization based methodologies: preferred to address issues like multiple contaminants,
controllability, flexibility, cost-optimality a good synthesis tool in handling complex systems with
different complex constraints major problems associated with these methodologies
are combinatorial explosion and local optimality do not provide good insight to the process designer
during network synthesis do not exploit special structures of these problems to
develop efficient algorithm
S Bandyopadhyay 5/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Categories of Process Integration-2Methodologies based on conceptual approaches: help in getting a physical insight through its graphical
representations and simplified calculation procedures efficient calculation procedure due to special structure
of these problems recognize the importance of setting targets before
design and allow different process design objectives to be screened prior to the detailed design
provides graphical representation tools and full control to the process designer over decision making processes
applicable to simple systems with simple constraints
S Bandyopadhyay 6/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Pinch Analysis
Pinch Analysis is a conceptual process integration approach
Pinch Analysis is a conceptual process integration approach
Development of simple and efficient algorithms by exploiting special structures
S Bandyopadhyay 7/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Heat Exchanger Network (HEN)
Birth of Pinch Analysis
S Bandyopadhyay 8/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Problem Definition for HEN Given:
a set of hot process streams to be cooled from the inlet temperatures to the outlet temperatures
a set of cold process streams to be heated from the inlet temperatures to the outlet temperatures
the heat capacities and flow rates of the hot and cold process streams
the external utilities available and the temperatures or temperature ranges as well as their costs
heat-exchanger cost data Objective:
To develop a network of heat exchangers with minimum annualized investment and operating costs
S Bandyopadhyay 9/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Historical Milestones Ten Broeck, 1944: First known HEN-related paper Westbrook, 1961: First use of mathematical programming for HEN Hwa, 1965: First use of a superstructure in HEN Hohmann, 1971: Composite curves to calculate of minimum
utilities requirement, and estimation for the minimum number of units (attempts to publish in journals were turned down twice)
Umeda et al., 1978 and Linnhoff and Flower, 1978: Identification of heat recovery pinch point (Starting point for Pinch Analysis)
Linnhoff and Hindmarsh, 1983: Pinch Design Method is proposed Furman and Sahinidis, 2001: Mathematical proof that this is N P-
hard (refuting the possibility for the existence of polynomial optimization algorithms → Sequential optimization)
S Bandyopadhyay 10/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Process Flowsheet
The starting point in the application of pinch technology is a simplified flowsheet showing major unit operations with heating and cooling duties.
2
3175°155°
112°
20°
40°
C385°
1 ReactorH1
45°
C4
125°H2
65°
1080
98°4
Steam
SteamCW
Heat Duty
CW
1320
1300 1400
kW
Ref: U. V. Shenoy, Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis, 1995, Gulf Pub. Com., Houston, Texas
S Bandyopadhyay 11/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Composite Curves
Composite Curves show the heat availability and heat requirement for the overall process
020406080
100120140160180200
0 2000 4000 6000 8000Enthalpy (kW)
Te
mp
era
ture
(°C
)No Integration
020406080
100120140160180200
0 1000 2000 3000 4000Enthalpy (kW)
Te
mp
era
ture
(°C
) Infeasible Integration
020406080
100120140160180200
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000Enthalpy (kW)
Te
mp
era
ture
(°C
) Process to process heat recovery
Min. Hot
Utility
Min. Cold Utility
Pinch
S Bandyopadhyay 12/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Can We Target the Minimum Energy Requirements in Algebraic Way?
S Bandyopadhyay 13/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
“…some of the greatest advances in science have come about because some clever person spotted an analogy between a subject that was already understood, and another still mysterious subject.”
- Richard DawkinsThe Blind Watchmaker (1986)
S Bandyopadhyay 14/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Brief History of “Pinch”1970s Synthesis of heat exchanger network (HEN)
1994 Water minimization (water pinch)
1989 Synthesis of mass exchange network (MEN)
2002 Property integration (property pinch)
2007 Energy planning (carbon pinch)
1987 Synthesis of HEN for batch processes
2007 Isolated energy systems
S Bandyopadhyay 15/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Basic Problem Pattern Minimize use of scarce, high-quality stream Each stream source has fixed quality and quantity
characteristics Each stream demand has fixed quality and quantity
requirements Quality index is inverse and follows a linear mixing rule
What other problems follow a similar pattern?
S Bandyopadhyay 16/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Source: A stream which contains the targeted species. Each source has: Flowrate Fi Quality Qi
Quality load:
mi = Fi Qi
Source: A stream which contains the targeted species. Each source has: Flowrate Fi Quality Qi
Quality load:
mi = Fi Qi
Source/sink representation
Sink: An existing process unit/ equipment that can accept a source. Each sink has: Flowrate Fj
Quality Qj where:
Qjmin ≤ Qj ≤ Qj
max
Load capacity:
mi = Fi Qi
Sink: An existing process unit/ equipment that can accept a source. Each sink has: Flowrate Fj
Quality Qj where:
Qjmin ≤ Qj ≤ Qj
max
Load capacity:
mi = Fi Qi
Source i
j = 1
j = 2
Sink j
?j = 3
i = 1
i = 2
i = 3
S Bandyopadhyay 17/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Philosophy of Pinch AnalysisGeneralized Problem Definition and Solution:
Flows and Qualities Laws of thermodynamics, conservation relations Phenomenological relations, design correlations Overall optimization with system constraints Algebraic methodology Graphical representation
Setting Targets (Prediction of the optimum performance prior to any synthesis/ detailed design):
Physical insights to the designer Tool: preliminary analysis/directions for improvements Preliminary screening of design alternatives Step change to learning curves
S Bandyopadhyay 18/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Flows and Qualities in PA Flows Qualities Examples/Problems
Heat Temperature
Heat integration (1971, 1979)Total site integration (1984)Integration of thermal equipments (1982)
Mass Concentration
Mass integration (1989)Water/Hydrogen management(1994,1996)Pollution prevention/Treatment networks
Mass Properties Recycle/reuse networks (2004)
Steam Pressure Cogeneration (1993, 2008)
Energy CO2 Carbon-constraint energy planning (2007)
Mass Time Supply chain management (2002)
Energy TimeStand-alone energy system (2007)Isolated power system (2007)
S Bandyopadhyay 19/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
The “PINCH” Concept Processes and Utility Systems From Scheduling to Strategic Planning Improving Efficiency (Energy and Raw Material) Continuous to Batch Processes All aspects of Processes: Reactors, Separators, etc. Integration between Processes Waste and Wastewater Minimization Emissions Reduction to Pollution Prevention Hydrogen Management Aggregate Production Planning Sizing Renewable Energy Systems ……… etc.
S Bandyopadhyay 20/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Sustainable Energy Systems Sustainable development meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs (Brundtland, 1987)
Sustainable energy systems provide energy services to the present while ensuring that similar energy services for future generations (Manish et al., 2006)
Atmospheric CO2 levels recently exceeded 400 ppm, (safe limit is 350 ppm, Rockstrom et al., 2009)
Sustainability indices: Economic cost EROI: energy return on investment (Hall, 1972) Land/water/carbon footprints ….. etc.
S Bandyopadhyay 21/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Problem Definition Given a set of energy sources (i = 1, 2, 3… m)
fixed EROI (EROIsi)
cost per unit energy (Csi)
carbon intensity or footprint coefficient (Fsi)
availability limits (Esimax)
Given a set of demands (j = 1, 2, 3… n). energy quantity (Edj)
quality (carbon emissions) specifications (Edj × Fdj)
Determine the source-sink mapping (system network) using EROI and cost as objectives
Multi-Objective optimization problem: Pareto optimal front using weighted-objective method
S Bandyopadhyay 22/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Case Study: Philippines
Ref.: DOE, 2013; Evans et al., 2009; Gupta et al., 2011
Region A Region BDemand 17,500 GWh 5,000 GWhCO2 limit (t/GWh) 500 200
Energy Sources
EROI Relative Cost CF (kg CO2/kWh) Limit (GWh)
Natural Gas 7 1.14 0.55 No limitCoal 18 1 1 No limitGeothermal 15 1.67 0.17 3,000Hydroelectric 40 1.19 0.04 10,000Wind 20 1.67 0.03 1,500Others 6 5.71 0.09 350
S Bandyopadhyay 23/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Pareto Optimal FrontMinimum energy invested solution (EROI-23.47, cost - 26773)
Wind and hydroelectric at maximum, coal (8958 GWh) and geothermal (2042 GWh).
800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 160024500
25000
25500
26000
26500
27000
Total Energy investment (Ω)
Re
lati
ve
co
st
Co
st
(Φ)
Minimum cost solution (EROI-14.46, cost - 25380)
Hydroelectric at maximum, coal (5500 GWh) and natural gas (7000 GWh).
Mixed solution (EROI-17.78, cost - 25932)
Wind and hydroelectric at maximum, coal (7233 GWh) and natural gas (3767 GWh).
S Bandyopadhyay 24/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Conclusions Pareto optimal front is piece-wise linear in nature Weighted objective methods can identify only discrete optimal
points (where slope of the Pareto optimal front changes) Line joining consecutive optimal point is also optimum Extended pinch analysis method for multiple-objective source-sink
problems Concept of prioritized cost (Shenoy and Bandyopadhyay, 2007)
can be extended to address multi-objactive pinch analysis problems
Demonstrated with a case study of Philippines
S Bandyopadhyay 25/25
4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER-2013)
Thank You
My father rode a camel. I drive a car. My son flies a jet plane. His son will ride a
camel. - Saudi proverb