112522853 thermoelectric gentr(1)
TRANSCRIPT
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By: Amit DwivediAlok Negi
Abhishek BhattAmit Saini
PROJECT REPORT
ON UTILIZ TION OF W STE
HE T IN UTOMOBILES
USING THERMO ELECTRIC
GENER TOR
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INTRODUCTION
Thermo electric generator (TEG) is a highly
sophisticated device which converts heat energy
into electricity energy by using the Seebeckeffect.. One promising idea is to use a solid-state
device called a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to
convert waste heat directly into electricity. This
would reduce the load on the vehicle's alternator
and thus vehicle economy can be increased.
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OPERATION PRINCIPLES
In TEGs, thermoelectric materials are packed between the hot-side and the cold-side heat exchangers. The thermoelectricmaterials are made up of p-type and n-type semiconductors.
The temperature difference between the two surfaces of thethermoelectric module(s) generates electricity using theSeebeck Effect. When hot exhaust from the engine passesthrough an exhaust TEG, the charge carriers of thesemiconductors within the generator diffuse from the hot-sideheat exchanger to the cold-side exchanger. The build-up ofcharge carriers results in a net charge, producing anelectrostatic potential while the heat transfer drives a current.With exhaust temperatures of 700°C (~1300°F) or more, thetemperature difference between exhaust gas on the hot sideand coolant on the cold side is several hundred degrees. Thistemperature difference is capable of generating 500-750 W ofelectricity.
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SEEBECK EFFECT
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TEG PRODUCES ELECTRICAL POWER WHEN A
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE IS MAINTAINED BETWEEN
THE HOT AND COLD JUNCTIONS OF THE
THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS
A thermocouple is formed by a
P type and an N type
thermoelectric element joined
together electrically by a hot
junction electrode. Adjacentthermocouples are joined
together electrically by cold
junction electrodes.
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SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF TEG
A thermoelectric generator requires
the following components :
Support structure
Hot Sink
Module
Cold sink (Radiator)
Power Circuit
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SUPPORT STRUCTURE
It is the part of the thermoelectric generator
where the thermoelectric modules are located.
The internal part of this structure normally ismodified in order to absorb the most part of the
heat accumulated in the exhaust gases.
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MODULE SELECTION
A high temperature Bismuth telluride module has
been selected due to its high efficiency and high
operating temperature.
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COLD SINK SELECTION
Cold sink is the second most important
component of the system.
Cold sink must dissipate large amount of heat
coming through the module and remain at the
low temperature.
Fan cooling may be necessary where maximum
power or compactness are desired.
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COOLANT ARRANGEMENT TO CREATE
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE IN TEG
(WATER COOLED)
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FLOW OF COOLANT IN TEG
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3-D DESIGN OF TEG
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OUR MODEL DESIGN AND
SPECIFICATION
Specifications
Length -240mm
Breadth -179mm
Height-162mm
Material used for fabrication :
Heat exchanger- stainless steel
Corrosion resistant ,resistant to wear & tear,
can withstand high temperature without
deformation, cheap as compared to other
materials
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Insulation - aluminium-backed high-temperature glass fibre
Easy avaibility, thermal conductivity is very good above 500K,
electrical insulator, maximum service temperature of about
1500K
Wiring – copper
Good conductor of electricity 401W/mK, high melting point
(1358K), can be drawn into fine wire
Thermoelectric module- Si-Ge, Pb-Te
Si-Ge : Operating temperature difference 673K - 1073K
Pb-Te :Operating temperature difference 373K- 673K
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Pumps- exhaust & coolant pumps
The pump at exhaust outlet is used to overcome
the back pressure produced by the sudden
restriction at various cross-sections and the
pump at coolant side is used to maintain
constant flow of water from radiator to TEG heat
exchanger
Pipes housings - stainless steel
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ASSEMBLED MODEL
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FUTURE SCOPE AND
APPLICATIONS
The T.E.G setup being able to utilize the waste
heat of automobile has a great future ahead. This
setup is most advantageous in case of powerplants.
In case of an automobile the T.E.G setup could be
able to produce enough energy that it can
completely replace the alternator. Besides T.E.Gsetup can also increase the fuel economy (by 5-
8%) and finally the overall efficiency of an
automobile.
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For ships carrying large amount of diesel fuel and
operating on diesel power cycle. The T.E.G setup
would be quite beneficial. The electricity
produced by extracting heat from it’s exhaust canbe easily used for onboard electrical supply.
In future if we are able to find some materials
which can work more efficiently at low
temperature difference, or whose conversionefficiency is very high. Such materials can be
easily installed in our design by just increasing
the number of whirl leafs and thus more power
can be generated which would be enough to
replace the alternator.
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BMW PROVIDES AN UPDATE ON WASTE HEAT
RECOVERY PROJECTS :THERMOELECTRIC
GENERATOR
TEG integrated in the exhaust manifold
TEG integrated into the
exhaust gas recirculation system
The two alternative systems developed to date
differ in their positioning in the vehicle—one unit
is designed for the exhaust system, while the
other is intended for the exhaust gas recirculation
system. The engineers of the BMW Groupbasically refined a technology that has been used
to power space probes for more than four
decades by NASA, the aeronautics and space
agency of the United States. The latest
generation of TEGs installed in the exhaust are
capable of generating 600 watts of electricalpower, and it will not be long before the goal of
1,000 watts is reached as research progresses.
The current prototype—a BMW X6—was built as
part of a development project funded by the US
Department of Energy.
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VOLKSWAGEN SHOWS
THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR FOR
WASTE HEAT R ECOVERY
Volkswagen claims 600W output from the TEG
under highway driving condition. The TEG-
produced electricity reportedly meets around30% of the car’s electrical requirements,
resulting in a reduced mechanical load
(alternator) and a reduction in fuel consumption
of more than 5%.
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