Type KVGC 202: Voltage regulating control relay

KVG

C202

320

Features

Compact multi-function numericalrelay

True RMS voltage measurement givinghigh immunity to harmonic distortion

Reverse current blocking

Local or remote control of 3 stageprogrammable load shedding andvoltage boosting

Tap position indication

Tap change failure and maintenancefunctions

Runaway protection

Integral line drop, reverse reactanceor circulating current compensation

Comprehensive supervision functions

Dual rated 1A or 5A, 50/60Hz

Integral voltmeter and ammeter

Integral serial communications via K-Bus

Programmable inputs and outputs

Integral event recorder accessiblefrom remote PC

Comprehensive self-monitoring

User friendly interface

English, French, Spanish or Germanmenu languages available

The KVGC relay provides regulation of the supply voltage within finite limits bycontrolling transformer tap changing. As part of the K Range of relays, the KVGC 202can be integrated into an overall protection and control system by utilising its integralserial communications control, thereby providing information for day to daymanagement of power systems.

Control Functions

Transformer tap changecontrolThe regulated voltage, Vs, and thedeadband, dVs, settings are userselectable. When the regulatedvoltage moves outside the deadbandsetting, the relay actuates the tapchanger mechanism to raise orlower the voltage to be within the setdeadband limits.

The relay has an initial time delaybefore initiating the first tap changeto minimise unnecessary changesdue to transient voltage fluctuationsthis initial time delay is selectable foreither definite or a time delay whichis inversely proportional to thedegree of voltage variations from theVs setting.

Subsequent tap changes are initiatedafter an inter-tap delay.

Initial timerThe initial delay timer resets at arate equal to the rate at which ittimes out. This ensures that a tapchange sequence can only beinitiated where the mean systemvoltage remains outside thedeadband for the initial delay.

For voltage swings through thedeadband setting from one side tothe other, the initial delay timer isreset instantaneously and a newtiming cycle is commenced.

Models Available

KVGC 202

Application The KVGC 202 relay can be used tomaintain a regulated voltage supplyto electrically powered equipmentwithin finite limits of a designed ratedvoltage. Failure to maintain aregulated voltage supply within theselimits may cause extensive damage.This is achieved by the operation ofvoltage regulating transformers ofvarious types, the most common beingthe on load tap changing transformerwhich maintains a stable secondaryvoltage by selecting appropriatetappings on the secondary windings.The tap changer operation iscontrolled automatically by thevoltage regulating relay, whichcontinuously monitors the systemvoltage and initiates the tap changermechanism to raise or lower thevoltage to be within set limits of adesired value.Typical application diagrams areshown in Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8

Figure 1

Relay type KVGC 202

KVG

C20

2

321

Inter tap delayIf more than one tap change isrequired to bring the voltage withindeadband, the inter tap delaydetermines the minimum permittedtime between sequential tapchanges. This delay is userselectable for 0 to 120 seconds andis set higher than the operating timeof the tap changer mechanism.

A setting of zero gives a constantoutput.

Line drop compensationThe KVGC relay incorporates userselectable line drop compensation tosimulate the resistive and reactivevoltage drop across the power line.Compounding the simulated linedrop voltage into the voltageregulating circuits allows a constantsupply voltage to be maintained atthe user end of the line irrespectiveof the line load current.

Circulating currentcompensationWhere the relay is used to controltwo or more transformers in parallel,either circulating currentcompensation, Vc, or reversereactance compounding can be usedto maintain a minimum circulatingcurrent between transformers.

Load shedding/boostingThe effective regulated voltage level,Vs, can be lowered or raised bymeans of user selectable loadshedding/boosting level in the range0 to 10 % of Vs.

Three programmable levels areavailable which can be selectedeither remotely via K-Bus or by usingexternal contacts to select one of thethree opto input channels. The stateof the load shedding/boosting isremembered when the auxiliarysupply to the relay is interrupted.

Supervision andmonitoring functions

Runaway protectionThe relay monitors if the tap changeroperates in the absence of initiationsignal, or if it operates in a directionwhich causes the voltage to move furtheraway from the desired voltage Vs andoperates an output contact if set to givean alarm indication.

Any further tap changes are blocked ifthe appropriate link is set.

Undervoltage, overvoltagedetectionThe undervoltage and overvoltagedetectors constantly measure the linevoltage, if the measured voltage isoutside the set limit an output contact isoperated if set.

A malfunction of the tap changer controlsystem could drive the transformer toupper or lower limits: to prevent this,detectors are provided to ensure thatonly tap changes which would restorenormal voltage are permitted.

Overcurrent detectionSeparate overcurrent detectors areprovided for excessive load current andexcessive circulating current betweentransformers in parallel. Indication ofboth fault conditions are given by theselected output contacts, if set.

Excessive load current detector, IL, andthe excessive circulating current detector,Ic, may operate internal blocking relayspreventing tap change initiation, if theassociated logic links are selected. In thecase of excessive circulating current thetap change initiation is prevented after aselected time delay.

Undervoltage blockingWhere the system voltage falls below theuser selected value, the undervoltagedetector operates and instantaneouslyprevents tap change initiation.

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Voltage deviation from Vs in multiples of dVs

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Figure 2

Operating time

characteristics

KVG

C202

322

Tap position indicationThe relay provides indication of theactual tap position between 1 and 40. Ifthe external TPI voltage supply is selectedthen the maximum tap position isreduced to 30. When the tap positionexceeds or falls below the user selectedthresholds, an alarm condition isindicated on associated output contacts,if set.

Tap changer maintenance

Tap change operations counter Therelay counts each tap changeroperation. If the number of tapchange operations exceeds a presetvalue the relay can be configured toinitiate an alarm contact and/orblock tap change operation

Frequent operations monitor The relay can be configured to initiatean alarm contact and/or block tapchange operation if the number oftap change operations exceed acertain threshold over a preset timeperiod.

Tap changer failure mechanismIn the event of tap changer mechanismfailure, where the regulating voltagecontinuously remains outside thedeadband for the period of pre-set timedelay, a relay output contact operates togive an alarm indication. The functionresets instantaneously when the voltageis restored to within the deadband limits.Any further operations, and selfresetting, are blocked if the appropriatelink is set.

Configuration

LogicThe configuration of the relay, to meet therequired applications, is accomplished insoftware. Setting logic function links,together with the assignment of inputs andoutputs, defines the way that the relay willoperate. This allows:

Selection of features Implementation of user defined logic Control of the event recorder

These may be defined by the user via therelay front panel function keys, or remotelyby a PC via the communications system.

Inputs and outputsThe KVGC has 8 programmable optically-isolated inputs, which may be re-assignedby the user to any available functions fromthe setting menu.

There are 8 programmable outputs, eachcomprising a relay with 1 normally opencontact, which may be re-assigned by theuser.

A dedicated watchdog contact with 1normally open and 1 normally closedcontact is also available.

Typical applications diagrams (Figures 5and 6) show the default settings of functionsas assigned in the factory.

Ancillary Functions

MeasurementsThe measurement values provided by therelay can be accessed by an integral back-lit liquid crystal display or via the serial porteliminating the need for additionalinstrumentation to be mounted on thepanel.

The measurements can be displayed ineither primary or secondary values asselected by the user.

The quantities of measured voltage, loadcurrent and circulating current are availablein real time.

The rolling average calculations is appliedto the last eight measured or calculatedvalues to provide stable readings.

Default DisplaysThe KVGC relay provides various userselectable default screens to provide asimple way of accessing any particularfunctions. In the event of a tap changeinitiation, the display automatically changesscreen to display the raise volts/lowervolts/alarm status and time remainingbefore the next tap change is due.

Event recordsFifty events are stored in a buffer. Softwareis available to enable the events to bedownloaded to a PC.

An event record is logged following achange of state of a control input or outputrelay, local setting change, or operation ofa control function. Records are time taggedto a resolution of 1ms. Alarms are also storedas events.

Test featuresA number of features are provided toenable the relay to be thoroughly testedduring commissioning, routine maintenanceand fault finding operations:

Power-on diagnostics

Continuous self monitoring

The verification of input quantities by themeasurement functions

The on/off states of the digital inputsand relay outputs can be displayed

KITZ

Protocolconverter

RS232K-Bus

Relay 32 Relay 3 Relay 2 Relay 1

DesktopcomputerPC

Relay 4

Figure 3

Basic communication

system

KVG

C20

2

323

Hardware Description The KVGC 202 relay is housed in Midossize 6 case, suitable for either rack or panelmounting as shown in Figure 6.

The relay has 6 analogue inputs and 8programmable optically-isolated inputs.

The analogue inputs consist of 2 CTs and 2VTs. The CTs and VTs are used to isolateand condition the analogue inputs from themain transformers connected to the system.Their output signals are then converted intodigital data for further processing.

Eight programmable output relays, togetherwith one dedicated watchdog contact arealso available.

The front panel contains a 2 x 16 characteralphanumeric back-lit liquid crystal display(LCD).

The back-light is activated when the keypadis touched and will automatically switch off,conserving power, after 2 minutes ofkeypad inactivity. Four push-buttons providelocal access to the relays menu. There arealso 3 light emitting diodes (LED) for visualindication of the relays status, ie. relayhealthy, control and alarm.

Standard Midos terminal blocks are locatedat the rear of the relay providingconnections for all input and output circuits.

User Interface

Front panel user interfaceThe features of the relay can be accessedthrough a menu driven system. The menu isarranged in the form of a table, into eachcolumn of which, related items (menu cells)are grouped.

The front panel LCD displays one menu cellat a time. The complete menu system canbe traversed with the relays front cover inplace by using the F key. Easier accesscan be made with the cover off by usingthe + and keys, which are also used tochange the relay settings.

Remote access user interfaceThe menu table can also be accessed viathe remote communications facility. Thisallows all of the menu cells in a column tobe displayed simultaneously on the screenof a PC. Changes to the menu cell can bemade from the PC keyboard.

K-BusScreened 2 core cable

5654

1

Figure 4

Communications terminal arrangement

Serial communicationThe relays are interconnected via ashielded, twisted wire pair known as K-Bus.Up to 32 relays may be connected inparallel across the bus.

The K-Bus is connected through a protocolconverter known as KITZ, either directly orvia a modem, to the RS232 port of the PC.The KITZ provides signals over the buswhich are RS485 based and aretransmitted at 64kbits/s. The K-Busconnection is shown in Figure 4.

This system allows up to 32 relays to beaccessed through one RS232communications port. A pictorialrepresentation of this is shown in Figure 3.

Software is available with each KITZ toprovide access to the relay to read andchange settings. Additional software entitledProtection Access Software & Toolkit isavailable.

This provides access to the event recorderand other additional functions.

Each relay is directly addressable over thebus to allow communication with anyselected relay. Global commands may alsobe given to all relays on the network.

Communications protocolThe communications protocol used withK Range relays is designated Courier.The Courier language has beendeveloped specifically for the purpose ofdeveloping generic PC programs thatwill, without modification, communicatewith any device using the Courierlanguage.

In the Courier system, all informationresides within the relay. Each timecommunication is established with therelay, the requested information isloaded to the PC. The protocol includesextensive error checking routines toensure the system remains reliable andsecure.

Password protectionPassword protection is provided onsettings which alter the configuration ofthe relay, any accidental change to whichcould seriously affect the ability of therelay to perform its intended function, ie.enable/disable settings, control functioncharacteristic selection, scheme logicsettings and system VT and CT ratios.

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C202

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Technical Data

RatingsInputs:

AC current (In)1A or 5A

AC voltage (Vn)110V phase to phase

Rated frequency50/60Hz

Frequency range6% to +2% of rated frequency

Auxiliary voltage (Vx)

Nominal (V) Operative range (V)ac/dc dc ac24/125 19/150 50/153or48/250 33/300 87/265

Outputs:

Field voltage supply48V dc (current limit: 60mA)

Burdens

Load current0.02VA at In = 1A0.03VA at In = 5A

Circulating current0.8VA at In = 1A or 5A

DC auxiliary voltage4W to 8W typical

AC auxiliary voltage6VA to 14VA typical

Optically-isolated inputs0.25W per input

Thermal withstand

AC load current inputs3.2 In continuous

30 In for 10s

AC circulating current inputs2.5 In continuous

30 In for 10s

AC voltage inputs2 x Vn continuously2.6 Vn for 10swhere Vn = 110V phase-phase

Accuracy

Measurements

Measured voltage2%

Current2%

Regulated voltage0.5% (80 160V ac)

Frequency1%

Auxiliary timers0.5% or 15 to 35ms(Definite time) 10% (Inverse time)

Reference conditions Ambient temperature

20C

Auxiliary voltage24V to 125V dc48V to 250V dc

Frequency50 or 60Hz

Relay settings

Regulated voltage setting Vs90 139V in 0.1V steps 0.5 %

Deadband setting dVs0.5 % to 5 % of Vs in 0.1 % steps

Initial delay setting tINIT(refer to figure 2)

Definite time delay0 to 20s in 1s steps or 20 to 120s in 10s steps

Inverse time delay0 to 20s range 0.5s + (initial setting x 1/N) 20 to 120s rangeInitial setting x 1/N where N is the % deviation from Vs in multiples of dVs % setting

Inter-tap delay tINTER0 to 120s in 0.1s steps

Tap pulse duration tPULSE0.5 to 5s in 0.5s steps, continuous output obtainable by setting inter-tap delay to zero

Undervoltage blocking V110 160V in 1V steps

Circulating current setting Ic0.05 0.5A (In = 1A) in 0.05A steps 0.25 2.5A (In = 5A)in 0.05A steps

Load current setting IL0.5 2A (In = 1A)in 0.05A steps2.5 10A (In = 5A)in 0.05A steps

Total taps available TapsAvail1 401 30

Maximum tap position TP>1 401 30

Minimum tap position TP1 10000

Tap changer operations Ops/tP>1 100

Time period tP1 24 hrs

Excessive circulating tIC current timedelay

0 180s in 10s steps

Alarm initiation time delay tFAIL>0 15 mins in 30s steps

Phase angle setting angle0 90 in 1 steps

KVG

C20

2

329

Transformer ratios

Current transformers1:1 to 9999:1

Voltage transformers1:1 to 9999:1

CT requirements

Auxiliary powered relays

Relay Nominaland CT output

secondary class (VA)rated1/5A 2.5

Accuracy Accuracyclass limit factor

(x ratedcurrent)

5P 5

Digital inputs

Optically-isolated inputs8 off, energised from 48V field voltage

Contacts

Output relays8 normally open

Contact ratings

Make and carry for 0.2s7500VA with maxima of 30A

and 300V ac or dc

Make and carry continuously5A ac or dc

Break dc 50W resistive25W L/R = 0.4s with maxima of 5A and 300V

ac 1250VA with maxima of 5A and 300V

Watchdog relays1 make and 1 break

Make and carry for 0.2s10A

Make and carry continuously 5A

Break dc 30W resistive15W L/R = 0.04s inductive with maxima of 5A and 300V

ac 1250VA with maxima of 5A and 300V

Durability

Loaded contact10,000 operations minimum

Unloaded contact100,000 operations minimum

Communications port (K-Bus)

Transmission modeSynchronous

Signal levelsRS485, transformer isolated

Message formatHDLC

Data rate64 kbits/s

ConnectionMultidrop (32 units)

Cable typeScreened twisted pair

Cable length1000m

ConnectorScrew terminals

Isolation2kV rms for 1 minute

High voltage withstand

Dielectric withstand IEC 60255-5: 1977

2kV rms for 1 minute between allcase terminals (except terminals 1)connected together and the caseearth/terminals 1.

2kV rms for 1 minute between allterminals of independent circuits withterminals on each independent circuitconnected together.

1.5kV rms for 1 minute across opencontacts of output relays.

1kV rms for 1 minute across the opencontacts of the watchdog relays.

High voltage impulseIEC 60255-5: 1977

Three positive and three negative impulses of 5kV peak, 1.2/50s, 0.5Jbetween all terminals and allterminals (except terminals 1) andcase earth/terminal 1.

Insulation resistanceIEC 60255-5: 1997

>100M measured at 500V dc

Electrical environment

DC supply interruptionIEC 60255-11: 1979

10ms interruption in the auxiliarysupply.

AC ripple on dc supplyIEC 60255-11: 1979

12% ac ripple on the dc supply.

High frequency disturbanceIEC 60255-22-1: 1988 Class III

2.5kV peak between independentcircuits and case.

1.0kV peak across terminals of thesame circuit, except metallic contacts.

Fast transient disturbance IEC 60255-22-1: 1992 Class IV

4kV, 2.5kHz applied directly to allinputs.

4kV, 2.5kHz via capacitor clamp tothe K-Bus port.

IEEE surge withstand capability(SWC) ANSI C37.90.1: 1990

4 5kV fast transient and 2.5kV(Reaff 1994) oscillatory.

Applied directly to each input andoutput.

IEEE radiated immunityANSI C37.90.2: 1995

25 1000MHz, zero and 100%square wave modulated. Fieldstrength 35V/m.

Electrostatic discharge IEC 60255-22-2: 1996 Class 3

8kV discharge in air with cover inplace.

4kV point contact discharge withcover removed.

KVG

C202

330

EMC compliance 89/336/EEC

Compliance to the European

Commission Directive on EMC isclaimed via the Technical

Construction File route.

EN 50081-2: 1994

EN 50082-2: 1995

Generic Standards were used toestablish conformity.

Product safety73/23/EEC

Compliance with the European

Commission Low Voltage Directive.

EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995

EN 60950: 1992/A11: 1997

Compliance is demonstrated byreference to generic safety standards.

Atmospheric environment

Temperature IEC 60068-2-1: 1990 (cold)

Storage and transit25C to +70C

IEC 60068-2-2: 1974 (dry heat)

Operating 25C to +55C

Humidity IEC 60068-2-3: 1969

56 days at 93% RH and +40C

Enclosure protectionIEC 60529: 1989

IP50 (dust protected)

Mechanical environment

Vibration

IEC 60255-21-1: 1988

Response Class 2

Endurance Class 1

Shock and bumpIEC 60255-21-2: 1988

Shock response Class 2

Shock withstand Class 1

Bump Class 1

SeismicIEC 60255-21-3: 1993

Class 1

Additional information

Service Manual R8552

Courier Communications R4113

CT requirements for the application of Midos relays R6096

K Range Relay Schemes R6536

KITZ101/102/103 R6521

KITZ201 R6561

KBCH R6530

Cases KVGC 202 Midos size 6

Case outlines are shown in Figure 9.

32 21225 min.

157 max.

11Flush mounting.

41

149

177

Push buttonprojection 10 max.

155

151

103.6

23.54 holes 4.4

168 159

Panel cut-out:Flush mounting fixing details.

All dimensions in mm.

Figure 9 Case outline size 6

KVG

C20

2

331

Information required with order

Relay type: K V G C 2 0 2 0 1 F 1 G

Configuration:

Standard 0 1

Case size:

Size 6 MIDOS Flush Mounting F

Auxiliary voltage:

19 150V dc/50 153V ac 2

37 300V dc/87 265V ac 5

Operating voltage:

110 Vac/50 60Hz 1

CT Rating:

5/1A (User selectable) G

Language:

English E

French F

German G

Spanish S

Glossary

Courier A communications language developed to provide generic control, monitoring, data extraction andsetting changes on remote devices (primarily on protective relays) within the substation environment.

K-Bus The 64 kbps twisted pair cable used to connect Courier compatible devices and transfer Courier data.

KITZ The interface unit which converts between K-Bus and IEC 60870 format data.

PC Personal computer