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Overview of Drugs in Our Society

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What Role Do Drugs Play in Our Society- what’s the impact?

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Is there a ‘Drug Problem?’

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Prevalence of Problem

50% of emergency room admissions 1/3 of psychiatric admissions 25% of completed suicides addicted to

alcohol Prevalent in psychiatric conditions in

adolescents 56% of domestic violence cases 50% of homicides Illicit drug use is major cause of ischemic

strokes Nearly ½ of all traffic fatalities

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Hinsdale South Assets Survey Sophomore Stats

December 2009 Alcohol

One or more drinks in the last 30 days?

69% NO

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AlcoholDrunk 1 or more times in the last 2 weeks?79% NO

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TobaccoSmoke cigarettes 1 or more times in the last 30 days?87% NO

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Smokeless TobaccoUsed smokeless tobacco 1 or more times in the last 12 months96% NO

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MarijuanaUsed 1 or more times in the last 12 months?79% NO

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Other illicit (illegal) drugsUsed 1 or more times in the last 12 months?96% NO

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Driving and AlcoholDrove after drinking 1 or more times in the last 12 months?96% NO

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Driving and AlcoholRode 1 or more times with someone who was drinking in the last 12 months?63% NO

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Why do people use drugs? Curiosity and Availability To Get High Self-medication Confidence Energy Pain Relief Anxiety Control Internal/External Peer Pressure Social Confidence Boredom Relief Deal w/ Isolation Competitive Edge

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The worst reason…..

How are Depression and Drug Use Related?

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Why use? VS. Why continue to use?

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Dependence/Addiction- person continues to use drug despite negative consequences

Psychological- person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or function properly

Physiological- user has a chemical need for the drug

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Withdrawal

When an addictive behavior is

stopped or an addictive substance

is withdrawn from use, withdrawal

symptoms almost always follow.

Depending on the behavior or substance: sweating and fever restless behavior and anxiety abdominal and muscle cramps (even convulsions) nausea and vomiting diarrhea.

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Tolerance

Tolerance can develop with regular use. This occurs when the person becomes used to taking drugs of abuse and the drug no longer provides the same effect as it did when first taken. Tolerance can occur with regular use of most drugs of abuse.

A person needs more of a drug to get the same initial effects.

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What is a Psychoactive Drug?

: Any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the CNS and brain activity

The major classifications of drugs are uppers (stimulants), downers (depressants), pain killers (opiates) “all-arounders” (psychedelics or hallucinogens).

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Uppers or Stimulants Ex. Cocaine, amphetamines, diet

pills, caffeine, tobacco, ecstasy Short-term effects: ^ energy, ^ HR

& BP Withdrawal and Long-term effects:

Jitteriness, anger, depletion of energy, paranoia, damage to heart, lungs, and BV’s, depression, suicidal thoughts, dependence

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Downers or Depressants

Ex: Alcohol, barbiturates, GHB, rohypnol. Opiates can have depressant effects, too.

Short-term effects: Depress circulatory, respiratory, & muscular systems. Stronger opiates initially cause euphoria

Long-term effects: nervousness, depression, dependence, liver damage, malnutrition

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All-Arounders or Hallucinogens Ex: Marijuana, LSD, PCP, DXM,

ecstasy, psilocybin mushrooms, and peyote.

Short-term effects: Illusions, hallucinations, & confused sensations, ^heart rate & b.p., tremors, sweating, sleeplessness

Long-term effects: bad trips, panic, confusion, anxiety, schizophrenia, loss of control, flashbacks

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Opiates Also known as narcotics and

pain killers Ex: Morphine, opium,

oxycodone, codeine and heroin

Abuse causes: drowsiness, constipation, slow breathing, convulsions, coma, death

Infected needle sharing with the use of heroin can spread HIV and hepatitis B

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Adam Drewnowski at the University of Michigan researched whether chocolate triggers the production of opioids. Opioids are chemicals, such as those found in opium,that produce a feeling of well-being (euphoria). Drewnowski found that eating chocolate causes the brain to produce natural opiates, which dull pain and increase a feeling of well-being. This may be a reason why we like to eat chocolate! And dark chocolate contains more of these compounds than milk chocolate.