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Thoughts to get us started …

• Wars of the 16th century pitted Protestants against Catholics.

• From 1560 to 1650, wars and economic and social crises plagued Europe.

• European monarchs sought economic and political stability through absolutism and the divine right of kings.

• The people become concerned with order and power.

Essential Question

How did Philip II extend Spain’s power and help establish a

golden age?

Objectives• Describe the empire that Charles V

inherited.

• Analyze how Spanish power increased under Philip II.

• Explain how the arts flourished during Spain’s golden age.

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Spain emerged as the first modern European empire during the 1500s Empire

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Charles V (used to be Charles I)

1516-1556- King of Spain and the

colonies in the Americas- Inherits Hapsburg Empire in

1519- Includes Holy Roman Empire

and the Netherlands

- Devout Catholic- Engaged in constant war to

suppress Protestantism

- Running massive empire exhausting- Divides it between his son,

Philip and brother, Ferdinand

Philip IIPhilip IIof Spainof Spain

*“The Most

Catholic King”

Philip’s palace, Escorial

Philip II rules 1556-1598

• Gold and silver make Spain wealthy $$$$$

• Asserts his ‘divine right’ to rule

• Devotes most of his time to governing and made every part of the government responsible to him

• Seizes Portugal 1580• Defends militant

Catholicism against Protestants & Muslims (Ottomans)

Philip – Philip – tried to use tried to use marriage as marriage as a political a political

tool.tool. Married Mary

(England)

1554 Shilling – Philip & Mary1554 Shilling – Philip & Mary

• Queen Elizabeth I of England seen as Spain’s main Protestant enemy.

• In 1588, Philip II sent a huge armada to invade England.

• Largest naval battle in history

• British beat Spain

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The Defeat of the The Defeat of the Spanish ArmadaSpanish Armada

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Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 1588 by Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg, painted 1796, depicts England’s Sir Francis Drake's fire ship attack on the Spanish Armada

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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mmCioplHzk

It’s the beginning of the end for Spain

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Between the 1600s and 1700s Empire Weakens

• Future kings rule poorly• Inflation & taxes• Taxes on lower class prevents

development of middle class• Goods bought abroad makes

Spain’s enemies rich $$$• Expulsion of Muslims and Jews

deprived Spain of many skilled artisans and merchants

• Bankruptcy declared 3x

Dutch Revolt

• Win independence from Spain in 1579

• A republic• Netherlands practices

religious tolerance• Became Europe’s

bankers• Largest trading fleet

Golden Age 1550-1650

• Philip II supports the arts

• El Greco, painter, “The Greek”– Brilliant style– “View of Toledo”

• Miguel de Cervantes, “Don Quixote”– First modern novel

Miguel de Cervantes, “Don Quixote”

Answer.

1. Describe the decline of Spain’s power under Philip II.

2. Why did the Dutch revolt against Spain?

Which of the following statements do you most agree with? Why?

A. A government leader should never have absolute authority.

B. A government leader can exercise absolute authority if it will help advance a country’s economy.

C. A government leader can exercise absolute authority when a country is under attack.

D. A government leader can exercise absolute authority whenever it will advance a country’s interest.

• Spain emerged as the first modern European power during the 1500s.

• After Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand unified the country, Philip II expanded Spanish influence and helped foster a Spanish golden age by supporting the arts.

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