The Duel for North America

Chapter 61608 -1763

France Religious wars ceased

Edict of Nantes = 1598 Limited toleration / Protestants

Most feared of European Continent

King Louis XIV = Ruled 72 yrs. Colonies = Quebec Samuel de Champlain

“Father of New France”

Colonies = New France Autocratic

Canada Controlled by king No right to trial by jury Population grew slowly Favored Caribbean

Island colonies Sugar

France Fans Out Beaver Pelts

Trappers = Coureurs de bois Free livers Extinguished beaver

Recruited Indians into fur business Disease / alcohol

French Catholic missionaries = Jesuits Explorers

Cont. Robert de La Salle

Mississippi = 1682 Louisiana Tried to block Spain Planted fortified posts

New Orleans = 1718 Trade = West Indies and Europe

Clash King William’s War = 1689 -1697 Queen Anne’s War = 1702-1713

British Colonist against French Courers de bois Both recruiting Indian allies Guerrilla warfare = savage

Spain allied with France

Cont.Peace = 1713

France beaten Britain got Acadia = renamed Nova

Scotia, Newfoundland and Hudson Bay

War of Jenkins’s Ear = 1739 British and Spanish

Smuggling Caribbean / Georgia

James Oglethorpe King George’s War

Washington Ohio Valley 1749

Colonial speculators Virginians / Washington family 500,000 acres French erecting forts

Fort Duquesne = Pittsburgh

Washington sent to secure claims 150 militiamen 40 miles from fort = shots fired

Cont. French leader killed = retreated French returned with reinforcements

Washington built = Fort Necessity 10 hr. siege Washington surrenders

July 1754

Global War

French and Indian War = 1754 Seven Years’ War Also fought in Europe / West Indies / Philippines /

Africa / Ocean

Britain, Prussia Vs. France, Spain, Austria and Russia

Blood bath in Germany = Fredrick the Great

Colonial Disunity

Colonial clashes 1754

Intercolonial Congress Albany, NY 21 delegates = 7 colonies showed up Keep Iroquois loyal

Gifts Franklin = “Join or Die”

Albany Congress

Blunders General Edward Braddock

British Regulars = 2,000 Capture Fort Duquesne Washington Huge loss Native American tear through countryside

Scalping Defeat after Defeat

Pitt William Pitt = “Great Commoner”

Leader on London Government “Organizer of Victory” Concentrate on Canada

Victory against Louisbourg 1st significant victory

Quebec Battle of Quebec = 1759

James Wolfe Daring night move = scaled the cliffs Plains of Abrahams

Significant battle Montreal fell 1760

French flag flew for the last time in Canada

Trouble with Colonists Friction between British officers and

militia Professionalism

Colonist didn’t truly support cause Refused troops / money

Wanted privileges of Englishmen, without the duties and responsibilities

War Ends

Treaty of Paris = 1763 G.B. claimed all of North America east of

the Mississippi River Included Florida = Acquired from Spain for

Cuba Spain received French lands west of

Mississippi / Port of New Orleans

France kept a few small islands near Newfoundland and West Indies

Aftermath British victory = trouble with the Natives

Native Americans captured 8 British forts in the Ohio Valley Led by Pontiac (Ottawa) Killed 2,000 soldier / settlers Blankets infected with smallpox given to

chiefs during peace negotiations Peace negotiated by the end of 1765

Aftermath Cont. Proclamation of 1763

Banned settlements west of the Appalachians

Colonists not happy

G.B. in financial trouble Cracked down on colonial smuggling

10,000 troops sent to control Native Americans