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ZTE University univ.zte.com.cnuniv.zte.com.cn

The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

WR_001_E1

WCDMA Basic Theory

Overview on 3G

V0507

ZTE University

3G Course Team

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Course Objectives

Understand evolution of mobile communications

Master 3G frequency allocation

Master 3G mode comparison

Understand The Difference of WCDMA Versions

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Agenda

Evolution of Mobile Communications

Standardization Organizations of 3G

3G Modes Compared

The Difference of WCDMA Versions

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Mobile communications existed half a century ago, but it

was in the 1980s that it was really developed

The main goal of mobile communications is to realize

communication among any objects at any time, and in any

place.

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Land cellular mobile communications system (PLMN)

has gone through 3 stages:

1. First Generation --Analog Mobile Telephone System

2. Second Generation---Digital Mobile Communications

System

3. Third Generation---IMT-2000

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1G --Analog Mobile Telephone System

1. The first generation mobile communications analog

cellular mobile communications

1) Feature:

frequency division multiple access (FDMA)

analog signal

narrow band

2) Main mode:

North-Americans AMPS

North Europeans NMT-450/900

Britains TACS

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2G --Digital Mobile Telephone System

2. The second generation mobile communications

digital cellular mobile communication

1) Feature:

time division multiple access (TDMA)

narrow code division multiple access (N-CDMA)

digital signal

narrow band

2) Main mode: GSM DAMPS N-CDMA

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Multiple Access

Types of Media -- Examples:

Twisted pair - copper

Coaxial cableFiber optic cable

Air interface (radio signals)

Advantages of Multiple Access

Increased capacity: serve more users

Reduced capital requirements since

fewer media can carry the traffic

Decreased per-user expense

Easier to manage and administer

Each pair of users enjoys adedicated, private circuit

through the transmission

medium, unaware that the

other users exist.

Multiple Access: Simultaneous private use of a transmission mediumby multiple, independent users.

Transmission

Medium

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Channels

FDMA-- Frequency Division Multiple Access

Each user on a different frequency

A channel is a frequencyTDMA --Time Division Multiple Access

Each user on a different window period in time

(time slot)

A channel is a specific time slot on a specific

frequency

CDMA-- Code Division Multiple AccessA channel is a unique code pattern

Each user uses the same frequency all the time,

but mixed with different distinguishing code

patterns

Frequ

ency

Time

Power

Frequ

ency

Time

Power

Frequ

ency

Time

Power

FDMA

TDMA

CDMA

Channel: An individually-assigned, dedicatedpathway through a transmission medium forone users information.

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Features and Benefits of 2G

Benefits from digital

World Market

Open System

Low Terminal and

services cost

Superior speech quality

Higher data rate

International roaming

$

High level of security

Benefits

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3G --IMT2000 (UMTS)

3. The third generation mobile communications IMT2000(UMTS)

1) Feature:

code division multiple access (CDMA)

digital signal

broadband

2) Meaning of 2000:

frequency spectrum around 2000MHz data rate up to 2000kbps

putting into business about 2000

3) Main mode: WCDMA CDMA2000 TD-SCDMA

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1G(Analog)

NMT

AMPS

TACS

3G(Wideband)

IMT-2000

2G(Digital)

GSM900/1800/1900

CDMA

IS-95

TDMA

IS-136

PDC


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What is fueling the need for UMTS?

More voice capacity:

More voice capacity than 2G systems

High-speed data services

Remote multimedia, imaging, video phone, etc.

Increased mobility

Global roaming

Wireless Internet

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Multiple Services

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Birth of IMT2000

1985, FPLMTS being put forward FPLMTS: Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System

1996, renamed by IMT-2000

IMT2000: International Mobile Telecommunication 2000

Meaning of 2000

frequency spectrum around 2000MHz

putting into business about 2002

data rate up to 2000kbps

Frequency Range

1992,WRC-92,230MHz

1885-2025MHz(uplink),2110-2200MHz(downlink)

May,2000, WRC-2000, spread frequency range

806-960MHz,1710-1885MHz & 2500-2690MHz

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What is UMTS?

It will deliver information directly to users andprovide them with access to new and innovativeservices and applications.

It will offer mobile personalized communicationsto the mass market regardless of location,network and terminal used.

UMTS Forum 1997

UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication SystemUMTS will be a mobile communication system that offer

significant user benefits including high-quality wireless

multimedia services to a convergent network of fixed, cellular

and satellite components.

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Why we use 3G?

Limit of frequency resource:

Present frequency cannot satisfy the need of mobile

communications development.

The frequency efficiency of 2G is lower than that of 3G.

Need of mobile multi-media:

Mobile data service will be the necessary product of

the combination of mobile communication and Internet.

The feature of 3G is the transmission capability of

providing data service in high rate.

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The Goal of 3G

Higher transmit rate

Rich and colorful service

Good voice quality

Larger capacity

Lower cost

Good secret performance

High frequency efficiency Max rate up to 2Mb/s

Easy to transition from 2G

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Agenda



3G Modes Compared


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Roadmap to 3G

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ZTE University univ.zte.com.cnuniv.zte.com.cnThe information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.

Data Rate of IMT-2000

Voice

4.75Kb/s -- 12.2Kb/s

Data

Fast mobile environment- 144Kb/s

From outdoor to indoor or walking - 384Kb/s

Indoors- 2Mb/s

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Framework for IMT2000

UIM MT RAN CN CN

UIM-MT

Interface

MT-RAN

Interface

RAN-CN

InterfaceNNI

Core Networks of other

IMT-2000 family members

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Family Conception

3G

standards

CN based on MAP

TD-SCDMA

CN based on MAP

CDMA2000

CN based on ANSI-41

CDMA is the main technology of 3G

WCDMA

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Standardization Organization of 3G

3GPP 3GPP2

IETFCWTS T1P1

TTA

TTC

ARIB

ETSI

ARIB

TTC

CWTS

TIA

TTA

Parlay

MWIF

UWCC

MPEG

Forum

MSF

WAP-

Forum

W3C3GCF

LIF

TIPHON

IPv6

GSMA

GSA

3G.IP

ITU-R

WP8F ITU-T

SSG

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3GPP - Third Generation Partnership

Project

ARIB - Association of Radio Industriesand Businesses

CWTS - China Wireless

Telecommunication Standard group

ETSI - European Telecommunications

Standards InstituteT1 - Standards Committee T1

TelecommunicationsTTA - TelecommunicationsTechnology AssociationTTC - Telecommunication TechnologyCommitteeGSM - Global System for MobileCommunicationsUMTS - Universal MobileTelecommunications System

IETF - Internet Engineering TaskForceITU-R - InternationalTelecommunication Union-RadiocommunicationITU-T - InternationalTelecommunication Union -Telecommunication Standardization

3GPP in the World

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IMT2000 Wireless Interface Standard

ITU-R received 10 terrestrial RTT techniques in 1998

No Technique Provided Duplex Provider

1 J: WCDMA FDD, TDD Japan: ARIB

2 ETSI-UTRA-UMTS FDD,TDD Europe: ETSI

3 WIMS W-CDMA FDD U.S.A: TIA

4 WCDMA/NA FDD U.S.A: T1P1

5 Global CDMA II FDD South Korea: TTA

6 TD-SCDMA TDD China: CATT

7cdma2000 FDD, TDD U.S.A: TIA

8 Global CDMA I FDD South Korea: TTA

9 UWC-136 FDD U.S.A: TIA

10 EP-DECT TDD Europe: ETSI DECT plan

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Duplex Mode

Downlink

Uplink

5 MHz channelFDD mode

Fq. 1

Fq. 2

Uplink and Downlink

5 MHz channel

... ...

TDD mode

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Technical Specification of Wireless

Interface

IMT-2000 CDMA DS

IMT-2000 CDMA MC

IMT-2000 TDMA SC

IMT-2000 TDMA FT

IMT-2000 CDMA TDD

WCDMA

CDMA 2000

UWC136

DECT

TD-S CDMA

Wireless Interface

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3G Development

Standardization Procedure

WCDMA

IS-136

IS-41 CN

GSMGSM CN

NNI

CN(Core Network) 2G/3G Radio Network

WCDMA

IS-95

CDMA2000

UWC-136

Evolutionary

Evolutionary

Revolutionary

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3G Spectrum

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Standardization of WCDMA--3GPP

ETSI TC SMG

T1P1

ARIB

TTA

CWTS

TTC

1998 2001

Q2

1999 2000

Q2 Q1Q3 Q2 Q3Q4 Q4 Q1Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q4 Q3 Q1

3GPP Release 4

3GPP Release 5(ALL IP)

business

2001 & 2002

3GPP Release 3

(Release 1999)

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Agenda



3G Modes Compared


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NTT DoCoMo launched Oct 2001,

PDC=>WCDMA J-phone PDC=>WCDMA , Soft

Launch June, Commercial

expected in Dec. KDDI: cdmaONe=>CDMA20001X Korean: cdmaONe=>CDMA1X=>

CDMA20001xEV at 800MHz

KT,SK WCDMA at 2GHzLG CDMA2000 at 2GHz

Japan/Korea

Vast Majority GSM

Licenses being issued

during 2002 and 2003 WCDMA starts in mature

markets 2003 Some CDMA presence

Asia-Pacific

Current all GSM In process of launching WCDMA

Western Europe

Still in the GSM build-out face First WCDMA during 2003

Central Europe,

Middle East, Africa

Mostly TDMA, Pending transition

mostly to GSM 30% cdmaONe=>CDMA20001X

Latin America

50% Old TDMAGSM/GPRS=>

EDGE/WCDMA

50% cdmaONe=>CDMA 20001x=>cdma1xEV

North America

141 3G licenceS, including 131 WCDMA

Status of WCDMA Worldwide

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Available WCDMA Terminals (150)

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Profit

Revenue

OPEX

CAPE

X

WCDMA is more profitable in nature

More attractive services & applications

Preferable access to contents & services

Global standard -OMA, 80-85% handsets

support

Wider support of international roaming

Higher spectrum efficiency less BTS

WCDMA: 30% more data, 30% more

voice

Hardware efficiency less network elements

Single carrier occupies wider frequency

band, rendering less hardware per

spectrum

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Comparison among 3G Modes

WCDMA TD-SCDMA CDMA2000

Channel Bandwidth 5M*2 1.6M 1.25M*2

Chip Rate 3.84Mc/s 1.28Mc/s 1.228Mc/s

Duplex Mode FDD TDD FDD

Frame Length 10ms 10ms (Sub-frame 5ms) 20ms

Channel Coding Convolution Code, TurboCode

Convolution Code,Turbo Code

Convolution Code,

Turbo Code

Modulation QPSK/BPSK QPSK/8PSK Uplink: QPSK, Downlink:

BPSK

Power Control Open loop + fast closed loop Open loop + closed loop Open loop + fast closed

loop

Power Control Rate 1500 times/s 200 times/s 800 times/s

Synchronization

Mode of Base Station

Synchronous/Asynchronous Synchronous Synchronous

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Agenda



3G Modes Compared


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3GPP Versions Difference

R99

Creation of the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access(UTRA)

no fundamental changes in core network

R4

Enable bearer independent CS network architecture (MSC

split to 'Media gateway' and 'MSC server')

Low Chip Rate TDD (TD-SCDMA)

R5

IMS- IP based Multimedia Services

IP transport in UTRAN

HSDPA

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Rel. 99 Reference Architecture

Co-operating

NetworksUser Equipment Radio Access Network Core Network

Note:Not all interfaces areshown and named

BSCBTSBTS

Um

Abis

BSS

F

HLRHLR

D C

EIR

AUC

E

AGMSCGMSC

Gf

Gn

SGSNSGSN

Gb Gr

Gn

SGSNSGSN

GGSNGGSN

Gs

Gc

Gi

Gd

IuCS

MSC/VLR

MSC/VLR

G

H

Gp

IuPS

RNCNode B

Uu

Iur

Iub

RNCNode BIub

RNS

RNS

UTRAN

Iur

ME

Cu

or

SIM-ME i/f

USIM

SIM

MS

ISDN

PSTNPSPDN

CSPDN

PDN:

- Intranet

- Extranet

- Internet

- X.25

SMS

MSC/

VLR

MSC/

VLR SCFSCF

ME

SIM-ME i/f

SIM

MS

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F

HSS(HLR)

HSS(HLR)

C

AUC

Gf

SGSNSGSN

Gr

Gn

Gc

Gi

Gd

H SMS

Co-operating

NetworksUser Equipment Radio Access Network Core Network

Note:Not all interfaces areshown and named

BTSBTS

Um

Abis

BSS

F D

C

EIR

AUC

A

GMSCServer

GMSCServer

Gf

Gn

GbGr

SGSNSGSN

GGSNGGSN

Gs

Gc

Gd

IuCS

MGWMGW

H

Gp

IuPS

RNCNode B

Uu

Iur

Iub

RNCNode BIub

RNS

RNS

UTRAN

Iur

ME

Cu

or

SIM-ME i/f

USIM

SIM

MS

ISDN

PSTN

PSPDN

CSPDN

PDN:

- Intranet

- Extranet

- Internet

MSC/VLR

Server

MSC/VLR

Server SCFSCF

ME

SIM-ME i/f

SIM

MS

MGWMGW

MSC/VLRServer

MSC/VLR

Server

Mc

Nb

Nc

MGWMGWNb Mc

M

c

EGNc

T-SGW

T-

SGW

BSC

C

SMS

SCFSCF


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.

IMS

Applications

& Services

SCP

to HSS to HSS

Uu

Um

EIR

UTRAN CS-MGW

to applications & services

HLR

T-SGW

Legacy mobilesignalling networks

HSS

MGCF

CSCFIP Multimedia

networks

MRF

GGSN

R-SGW

CS

PS

RANGMSC server/VLRMSC server/VLR

CS-MGW

Interfaces supporting user traffic

Interfaces supporting signalling

GERAN

PSTN/Legacy/

External

SGSN.

IMSIMS

Applications

& Services

SCP

to HSS to HSS

Uu

Um

EIR

UTRAN CS-MGW

to applications & services

HLR

T-SGWT-SGW

Legacy mobilesignalling networks

HSS

MGCF

CSCFIP Multimedia

networks

MRFMRF

GGSN

R-SGWR-SGW

CS

PS

RANGMSC server/VLRMSC server/VLR

CS-MGW

Interfaces supporting user traffic

Interfaces supporting signalling

GERAN

PSTN/Legacy/

External

SGSN


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HLR/

AuC

HLR/

AuCGMSCGMSC

MSC

/VLR

MSC

/VLR

MSC/VLRMSC/VLR

GGSNGGSN

InternetPSTN

Other

PLMN

SGSNSGSNGGSN

BTS BTS

Iu-CS

RNC

Iu-PSGb

BSC

A

Gs

Gr Gn

GcC

DE

G

Gp

IubAbis

UmUu

RNC

Iur

CS PS

Iub

Node B

End to End ZTE WCDMA R99 Solutions

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PS

CG

HLR

SCP SMC MMSCBilling

Server OMC

NO.7

OMC

Billing

Center

3G UE

BSS

RNC

2G/2.5G

MS

PCU

BSC

BTS

RNS

RNC

Node B

MGW

MSCS

SGSN GGSN

PSTN

NodeB

GMSCS

GMGW

Internet

WAPGW

APP

Server

CS

ZTE WCDMA R4 Solution

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PS

CGSCP

SMC MMSCBilling

Server OMC

NO.7

OMC

Billing

Center

3G UE

BSS

2G/2.5G

MS

BSC

BTS

RNS

Node B

MGW

MSCS

SGSN

GGSN

PSTN

GMSCS

GMGW

Internet

CSCF MGCF

CS

IMSHSS

Node B

RNC

RNC

MGWOther

Network

ZTE WCDMA R5 Solution

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