Tripken Spring Break Work1) Complete this assignment on separate paper and pay attention to the format 2) Create a chartTheorist Area of Psychological

StudyTheory Explain Theory or Experiment

Locke N/A Taula Rasa - discuss Believed we are born with a ______________________Personality is -

Watsoni.

Father of - ii. Experiments- explain

Specify the MAJOR contribution to psychology for each of the following theorists – see example above

Then, briefly, several phrases or sentences, explain the theory – see example above

2. 3. 1

5.iii.

A. Locke – see examples above

B. Socrates C. Wundt D. Wertheimer E. Titchner F. Baumrind G. James H. Watson I. Freud

J. Broca K. Wernike L. Pavlov M. Thorndike N. Skinner O. Tolman P. Bandura Q. Ebbinghaus R. Chomsky S. Whorf T. Washoe

U. Jung V. Erickson W. Adler X. Piaget Y. Abraham Maslow Z. Binet AA.Harlow BB.Lorenz CC.Aaron Beck

2. Each of the following is a MAJOR Approach in psychology. See behaviorismexample and complete the remaining….A . Behaviorism- Behaviorism also called the learning perspective based on the proposition that all things that organisms do—including acting, thinking, and feeling—can and should be regarded as behaviors, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns or modifying the environmentEmphasis on: environmental: learning; nurtureTheorist: List – Skinner, Watson, Pavlov, BanduraExperiments we have discussed:Bandur’a BoBo Dolls and Observational Learning Model, Pavlov’s Dogs

B. Biological- Emphasis on: Theorist: (List) Experiments we have discussed:

C. Cognitive-Emphasis on: Theorist: (List)Experiments we have discussed:

D. Psychoanalytical- Emphasis on: Theorist: (List) Experiments we have discussed:

E. Humanistic- Emphasis on: Theorist: (List) Experiments we have discussed:

E. Gestalt- Emphasis on: Theorist: (List) Experiments we have discussed:

3. The Experiment:A. What is the MAIN purpose of an experiment: ________________________Define B. TheoryC. HypothesisD. Independent variableE. Dependent variableF. Confounding variableG. Experiment groupH. Control group

I. Subject biasJ. Researcher biasK. Confirmation BiasL. DoubleM. PlaceboN. Null hypothesisO. WRITE out

P. Create a simple HYPOTHESIS underlining the IV, circle the DV

4.

5.4. Theories: List and explain the 4 stages and give an example for each – structure it like this:A.Piaget's Cognitive-Development Theory1. Sensory Motor - Explanation of theory ** Catch Phrases within the theory (Terms etc) – Object permanence (explain and give an example:) 2* *Catch phrases - 3** Catch Phrases4** Catch PhrasesB. Kohlberg's C. Erickson's D. Kubler-Ross

5. Theories: Explain each and GIVE AN EXAMPLE AND TELL ME THE theoristOR theorya. Weber's law - Theorist- Explain theory - Gimme an Example - b. Young-Helmholtz

Color Theory- c. Opponent-Process

Color Theory- d. Place Theory - e. Frequency Theory - f. Facial Feedback

hypothesis- g. Statistical

Significance- .h. Activation-Synthesis

hypothesis-i. Thorndike's Law of

effect-j. Premack principle -k. Continuity -

l. Serial position phenomenon-

m. Primacy effect- n. Recency effect -o. Decay theory -p. Linguistic relativity

hypothesis-\q. Hull's drive redction

theory-r. False Consensus

Effect s. Cognitive

consistency theory- t. Festinger's Cognitive

dissonance theory-u. Arousal Theories -

v. Yerkes-Dodson law -w. Incentive theory -x. James-Lange theory -y. Cannon-Bard's

Thalamic theory-z. Schachter's

Cognitive-Physiological Theory-

aa.Attribution theory -bb. Deindividuation -cc. Selye's General

Adaptation Syndrome- (GAS)

dd. Twin Studies -ee.Ainsworth's Strange

Situation- 6. Social Psychology Studies: EXPLAIN fully

A. Zimbardo's Prison Study -B. Hawthorne Effect -C. Dailey and Latane's Bystander effect -

D. Asche Conformity Study -E. Milgram's Obedience Study -

7. Social Pressure: define and if these terms are an integral part of a study above, note that.2. Conformity-3. Social Norms-4. Reciprocity norm-5. Compliance-6. Foot in the door technique-7. Obedience-

8. Social facilitation-9. Social loafing-10. Deindividuation-11. Groupthink-12. Door in the face technique-13. Low Balling

8. Experiments & Statistics – What is the difference between a random sample and random assignment?Example 2 A researcher wanted to study the effects of sleep deprivation on physical coordination.  The researcher selected 25 year-old male college students and deprived some of the subjects to either 24, 36, or 45 hours of sleep. In the present study the independent variable was: a) the length of time the subjects were deprived of sleep. b) the age of the subjects. c) the gender of the subjects. d) the physical coordination skills of the subjects.In the present study the dependent variable was: a) the length of time the subjects were deprived of sleep. b) the age of the subjects. c) the gender of the subjects. d) the physical coordination skills of the subjects.

4.

5. Example 3 A researcher wanted to know whether the number of people present would influence subjects'

judgments on a simple perceptual task.  In each case the other members of the group gave an incorrect answer.  The researcher then noted whether the subject conformed to the group decision. In the present study the independent variable was: a) the number of people in the group. b) whether the group members gave the correct or incorrect answer. c) whether the subjects conformed with the group. d) the type of perceptual task.

In the present study the dependent variable was:

a) the number of people in the group. b) whether the group members gave the correct or incorrect answer. c) whether the subjects conformed with the group. d) the type of perceptual task.

Example 4 An investigator had 60 subjects watch a videotaped re-enactment of a bank robbery.   Half of the subjects were asked by a police investigator to recall the event, while the remaining subjects were interviewed by a police investigator while they were hypnotized. In the present study the independent variable was: a) whether a police investigator was used. b) whether subjects were hypnotized. c) how much subjects recalled. d) what subjects watched.

In the present study the dependent variable was: _______________________________________

a.

.9. Confounding/Extraneous VariablesTry the following exercise to see if you can spot potential problems in these hypothetical research studies. What would the confounding variable be?EXAMPLE 1 A researcher wanted to assess whether mood influenced people's memory.  The researcher hypothesized that positive moods would lead to greater memory performance than would a negative mood state.  On Monday the researcher had 50 subjects learn a list of nonsense syllables and then watch a very humorous comedy film.  Their recall of the list of syllables was then assessed.  On Tuesday the researcher had a second group of 50 subjects learn the same list of nonsense syllables and then watch an upsetting documentary on World War II.  Their recall of the list was then assessed after having watched the film.

10.There are many types of non-experimental methods.  We will focus on three approaches: Describe the three methods of studya. Case Study STRENGTH - and WEAKNESSb.Naturalistic Observation STRENGTH - and WEAKNESSc.Survey STRENGTH - and WEAKNESS

11.CORRELATIONAL STUDIES a. What do they ‘look’ at?b. Do people who experience divorce have more psychological problems? What is being measured in

this example?c. What is the CORRELATION COEFFICIENT – d. Which is stronger and why?-.13, +.08,-.97, +.83e. Draw a + correlation, a negative correlation and a no correlation scatterplotf. Cities with more stores selling pornography have higher rates of violence.   g. Is this a positive or negative correlation? h. Why might we find a relationship between attendance and grades?

Inferential Stats 12. Girls scores: 23, 40 37, 44, 41, 41, 33, 28, 25, 24,Boys scores: 46, 25, 47, 33,22, 50, 38, 42, 41`, 18, 56Girls SD 9.03 Boys SD 11.14

Girls Mean – Boys mean - Combined mean - Girls Median - Boys Median - Combined Median - 4.

5.Girls Mode - Boys Mode - Combined mode - The P value is a probability, with a value ranging from zero to one. What would be an acceptable P value in an experiment?

D. Define STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE - E. What is a T-TEST?F.  What is the .01 % significance level of ‘tell’ you? What is the % of error? Is this acceptable?G. How aout.07? What is the % of error? Is this acceptableH. What are the three levels of Central Tendency?I. What is the mean? 5  5  7  7  7  8  8  9  10  11  11  11  11  11  12  12  12  12  12  12  13  13  14 J. The measure that is least affected by extreme scores is: _________________________K. The Mode of the following set of data (5    6    6    7    8    8    8    9) is: _______________________L. The Mean of the data set is: __________________________M. The Median is: __________________________________N. The range of the following scores is - ______________ 0  1  1  1  0 0 0 2  8 3 2 2 2 12 12 7 2  2 

3  5  O. If the standard deviation is 2.9 – what does that mean?P. Draw a normal standard deviation graph with an SD of 2.9 above and below the mean. Q. What is a Positively Skewed DistributionR. Describe why we need operational definitions.

Label the brain!!1. _________________ the part of the brain below the back of the cerebrum. It regulates balance, posture, movement, and muscle coordination.2. ______________________ a large bundle of nerve fibers that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres. In the lateral section, it looks a bit like a "C" on its side.3 ___________________ - the top, front regions of each of the cerebral hemispheres. They are used for reasoning, emotions, judgment, and voluntary movement.4 ______________________________ - the lowest section of the brainstem (at the top end of the spinal cord); it controls automatic functions including heartbeat, breathing, etc.5 ______________________________ - the region at the back of each cerebral hemisphere that contains the centers of vision and reading ability (located at the back of the head).

6 __________________________ - the middle lobe of each cerebral hemisphere between the frontal and occipital lobes; it contains important sensory centers (located at the upper rear of the head).7 __________________________- a gland 7 attached to the base of the brain (located between the Pons and the Corpus Callosum) that secretes hormones.8 ______________________ - the part of the brainstem that joins the hemispheres of the cerebellum and connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum. It is located just above the Medulla Oblongata.9 _________________________ - a thick bundle of nerve fibers that runs from the base of the brain to the hip area, running through the spine (vertebrae).___________________________ - the region at the lower side of each cerebral hemisphere; contains centers of hearing and memory (located at the sides of the head).

4.

5.

Label the eye and ear and create a flow map of the path of light and sound

iii.iv.v.

4.

5.vi.vii.viii.ix.x.xi.xii.xiii.xiv.xv.xvi.xvii.

xviii.

xix.xx.

4.

5.

Path of light –

Path of audition -

The Human Brain1. In which of the cerebral lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, or temporal) would the following functional

areas be found?auditory area ____________________ olfactory area ______________________primary motor area _______________________ visual area _________________________somatic sensory area Broca's area _____________________2. Which of the following structures are not part of the brain stem? (Circle the appropriate response or

responses.) cerebral hemispheres pons pineal gland midbrain cerebellum medulla Complete the following statements by writing the proper word or phrase in the

corresponding blank A. White matter is composed of _________________________________B. The purpose of the thalamus is – C. The most important autonomic center of brain would be _____________________ because

________________D. In the limbic system, also part of the endocrine system… _______________________E. Explain why trauma to the base of the brain is often much more dangerous than trauma to the

frontal lobes. F. Explain what an Illusory correlation is—

4.

9.G.

Define the following – Bias’s The just-world phenomenon False consensus effect — Gambler's fallacy — Hawthorne effect

The Great Brain Drain Review1. Which specific brain functions or nervous system is affected in the following examples?2. Following a head injury, Jack has ongoing problems staying awake and focusing attention.

______________________3. After a gunshot wound, Sandy in uninhibited, irritable, and profane. _______________________4. A rat attacks another rat in the same cage after this area is electrically stimulated. ____________________5. Roger wets his pants while running away from a bear that is chasing him through the woods.

______________________________6. Kathy cannot remember last Christmas after this area was damaged. ___________________7. Jessica has difficulty keeping her balance after receiving a blow during a gymnastics routine.

______________________8. Cindy, who was conscious during a medical procedure, reported a “pins and needles” sensations after her

neurosurgeon electrically stimulated this area. ________________________9. II. a. What is aphasia? 10. Give two specific examples of how this problem can occur.11.12. III. Multiple Choice:13. A split-brain patient has a picture of a knife flashed to her left hemisphere and that of a fork to her right

hemisphere. She will be able to14. A. identify the fork using her left hand. D. identify a fork using either hand.15. B. identify a knife using her left hand. E. stand on her head and eat with both hands.16. C. identify a knife using either hand.17. Dr. Frankenstein made a mistake during neurosurgery on his monster. After the operation, the monster

“saw” with his ears and “heard” with his eyes. It is likely that Dr. Frankenstein “rewired” neural connections in the monster’s

18. A. hypothalamus B. cerebellum C. frontal lobe D. thalamus E. pituitary gland19. A scientist from another planet wishes to study the simplest brain mechanisms underlying emotions. You

recommend the scientist study the20. A. brainstem of a frog. D. cortex of a human21. B. limbic system of a dog E. parietal lobe of a human22. C. cortex of a monkey.23. A body builder friend of yours suddenly seems to have grown several inches in height. You suspect that

your friend has been using drugs that affect the24. A. thalamusB. adrenal glands C. medulla D. pituitary gland E. dopamine25. Dr. Johnson briefly flashed a picture of a key in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The patient

could probably26. A. write the work “key” using the left hand. D. Draw a picture of a key using the left hand.27. B. draw a picture of a key using the right hand. E. verbally report that a key was seen28. C. do none of the above.29.30. IV. Fill in the blank31. Uses radio waves and magnetic fields to produce computer generated images to distinguish among different

types of brain tissue. _______________________

8.

CogBias

9.32. Uses glucose to develop a visual display of brain activity. ______________33. Measures electrical activity across the surface of the brain. ______________34. V. As a summer camp counselor, you have been able to identify you ten-year-old campers as either “right-

brained” or “left-brained”. After dividing them into two groups based on their thinking styles, decide on three group tasks that you could assign to each group that should correspond to their cognitive abilities.

35. Left-brained campers Right-brained campers36. The more official name for a brain cell is a _________________. The part that receives the message is

called the _________________ and the part that sends the message is called the _____________________. The sending part of the nerve cell is often covered in _____________________ which speeds up the rate of transmission. Chemicals that cross the synapse are called _____________________. Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease are both caused by an imbalance of the chemical, _____________________, in the brain. When we experience extreme pain, the body releases _____________________. ________________________ is the chemical found at neuromuscular junctions. The poison of a black widow spider affects it by mimicking it. Therefore, the poison from a black widow spider is an ___________________. Acetylcholine must also be involved in memory because decreased amounts of it in the brain are associated with the disease, _________________________. Neurotransmitters can be excitatory or __________________. ___________ is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

37. The neural impulse that travels down a nerve cell is called an ________________________________. There are 3 parts to this impulse: ____________________ (when sodium ions rush into the cells), _______________________ (when potassium ions rush out), and the ___________________________ (when the ions are being pumped back to where they started). The neural impulse will only be sent if the signal in the cell body reaches _________________. The nerves in the feet are of the ___________________ nervous system. The nerves in the brain and spinal cord are part of the _________________ nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is broken down into the _______________ nervous system, which controls conscious thoughts and movements, and the ____________________ nervous system which controls unconscious thoughts and behaviors. The _______________ nervous system controls the fight-or-flight response. Examples of things this nervous system might stimulate include ____________________ ________________________________, _____________________________________________________, and _______________________________________.

38. The part of the brainstem that sits on top of the spinal cord is the _________________. It regulates heartbeat, blood pressure, coughing, and ______________. Also in the brainstem is the ________________________________ which filters information from the body and relays it to the rest of the brain. Brent and Jennifer are stars in part because of their super coordination. The part of the brain that helps them with this is the ___________________. Both fortunately also have many neurons in their ______________ cortex.

39. Jen is a happy, emotion, creative _________-brained person. If you slap Amy or Nora in the back of the cerebrum, you may cause blurred vision because of damage to the _______________ lobe. Deb and Connie are good friends. The ______________ gland (also known as the master gland) has a best friend in the limbic system, the ________________________. I can’t remember how I got started on this task. My __________________ is involved in memory and is also in the limbic system. If I were to separate the two hemispheres of your great brain, I would snip the _______________________________.

40.41. Neurotransmission Practice

The extensions of the neuron that receives messages from other neurons are the ______________________.42. The extensions of a neuron that transmit information to other neurons are the ________________________;

some of these extensions are insulated by a layer of fatty cells called the ________________________, which help speed the neuron’s impulses.

43. Identify the major parts of the neuron diagrammed below:44. DRAW the axon as an arrow

8.

9.

Label the neuron

Fill in the blanks

The neural impulse, or ___________________________________-, is a brief electrical charge that travels down a(n) _______________________________.The fluid interior of a resting axon carries mostly (positively/negatively) charged ions, while the fluid outside has mostly (positively/negatively) charged ions. This polarization, called the _______________________________, occurs because the cell membrane is selectively _______________________________.An action potential occurs when the first part of the axon opens its gates and (positively/negatively) charged ions rush in, causing that part of the neuron to be ____________________________.During the resting pause following an action potential, called the ___________________ _____________________, the neuron pumps (positively, negatively) charged ions outside the cell.In order to trigger a neural impulse, _________________ signals minus ___________________ signals must exceed a certain intensity, called the _____________________. Increasing a stimulus above this level (will/will not) increase the neural impulse’s intensity. This phenomenon is called an _______________- ___- ______________ response.The strength of a stimulus (does/does not) affect the speed of an action potential.The junction between two neurons is called a ___________________.The chemical messengers that convey information across the gaps between neurons are called ________________________. These chemicals unlock tiny channels on receptor sites, allowing electrically charged ________________ to enter the neuron.Neurotransmitters influence neurons either by ________________________ or _____________________ their readiness to fire. Excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed to the sending neuron in a process called _______________________.Among the neurotransmitters that researchers have pinpointed is ________________, which influences movement, learning, attention, and emotions and seems to play a role in schizophrenia. The neurotransmitter, ______________, affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal, while _________________________ affects alertness and arousal. A neurotransmitter that is important in muscle contraction is _______________. The poison, _________________, produces paralysis by blocking the activity of this neurotransmitter.Naturally occurring opiate-like neurotransmitters that are present in the brain are called ____________________. Drugs that produce their effects by mimicking neurotransmitters are called _________________________. Drugs that block the effects of neurotransmitters by occupying their _____________________________ are called __________________.The molecular shape of some drugs prevents them from passing through the ______________________- ________________ barrier by which the brain filters out unwanted chemicals.

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vi.

ii.iii.

iv.

v.

i.

9.45. Describe the reuptake process:46. Which neurotransmitter causes schizophrenia and HOW?47. Which neurotransmitters may contribute to depression and how?

8.

11.Please create a chart with the following sections: THEN fill it out using info from this handout48. Miscellaneous brain facts49. NS50. Cell structure51. Meninges52. CSF - Cerebrospinal Fluid53. Brain Components

54. Brain stem 55. Cerebellum56. Cerebrum57. Cerebral cortex58. The 4 Lobes 59. Limbic System (HHAP) 60. Pineal Gland and 63.

thalamus

10.

13.The weight of the brain changes from birth through adulthood. At birth, the average brain weighs about one pound, and grows to about two pounds during childhood. The average weight of an adult female brain is about 2.7 pounds, while the brain of an adult male weighs about three pounds.

61. The Nervous System(NS) The nervous system is commonly divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is composed of the spinal nerves that branch from the spinal cord and the autonomous nervous system (divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system).62. The Cell Structure of the Brain The brain is made up of two types of cells: neurons and glial cells, or glia. The neuron is responsible for sending and receiving nerve impulses or signals. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and facilitate signal transmission in the nervous system. In the human brain, glial cells outnumber neurons by about 50 to one. Glial cells are the most common cells found in primary brain tumors.63. The Meninges The brain is housed inside the bony covering called the cranium. The cranium protects the brain from injury. Together, the cranium and bones that protect the face are called the skull. Between the skull and brain is the meninges, which consist of three layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. From the outermost layer inward they are: the dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater (we just care about the dura in AP Psych).In the brain, the dura mater is made up of two layers of whitish, nonelastic film or membrane. The space that separates the layers of the dura allows the cerebrospinal fluid to flow throughout the brain.64. Cerebrospinal Fluid Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is found within the brain and surrounds the brain and the spinal cord. It is a clear, watery substance that helps to cushion the brain and spinal cord from injury. 65. Brain Components and Functions Brainstem – The brainstem is the lower extension of the brain, located in front of the cerebellum and connected to the spinal cord. It consists of three structures: the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. It serves as a relay station, passing messages back and forth between various parts of the body and the cerebral cortex. Many simple or primitive functions that are essential for survival are located here.The midbrain is an important center for ocular motion while the pons is involved with coordinating eye and facial movements, facial sensation, hearing and balance.The medulla oblongata controls breathing, blood pressure, heart rhythms and swallowing. Messages from the cortex to the spinal cord and nerves that branch from the spinal cord are sent through the pons and the brainstem. Destruction of these regions of the brain will cause "brain death." Without these key functions, humans cannot survive.12.

13.The reticular activating system ( AKA, RAS or reticular formation) is found in the midbrain, pons, medulla and part of the thalamus. It controls levels of wakefulness/alertness, enables people to pay attention to their environments, and is involved in sleep patterns.66. Cerebellum – The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain beneath

the occipital lobes. It is separated from the cerebrum by the folds in the dura. The cerebellum fine tunes motor activity or movement, e.g. the fine movements of fingers as they perform surgery or paint a picture. It helps one maintain posture, sense of balance or equilibrium, by controlling the tone of muscles and the position of limbs. The cerebellum is important in one's ability to perform rapid and repetitive actions such as playing a video game. In the cerebellum, right-sided abnormalities produce symptoms on the same side of the body. It also possesses a sort of “muscle memory…..Tripken will explain more later if I have not already!!

67. Cerebrum – The cerebrum, which forms the major portion of the brain, is divided into two major parts: the right and left cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum is a term often used to describe the entire brain. A fissure or groove that separates the two hemispheres is called the great longitudinal fissure. The two sides of the brain are joined at the bottom by the corpus callosum. The corpus callosum connects the two halves of the brain and delivers messages from one half of the brain to the other. The surface of the cerebrum contains billions of neurons and glia that together form the cerebral cortex.

68. The cerebral cortex appears grayish brown in color and is called the "gray matter." The surface of the brain appears wrinkled. The cerebral cortex has sulci (small grooves), fissures (larger grooves) and bulges between the grooves called gyri.

The cerebral hemispheres have several distinct fissures. By locating these landmarks on the surface of the brain, it can effectively be divided into pairs of "lobes." Lobes are simply broad regions of the brain. The cerebrum or brain can be divided into pairs of frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. Each hemisphere has a frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobe. Each lobe may be divided, once again, into areas that serve very specific functions. The lobes of the brain do not function alone – they function through very complex relationships with one another. The Lobes 69. Frontal Lobes – The frontal lobes are the largest of the four lobes

responsible for many different functions. Called the Executive Lobe, these include motor skills such as voluntary movement, speech, intellectual, planning and behavioral functions. The areas that produce movement in parts of the body are found in the primary motor cortex. The prefrontal cortex plays an important part in memory, JUDGEMENT, intelligence, concentration, temper and personality.

70. The premotor cortex is a region found beside the primary motor cortex. It guides eye and head movements and a person’s sense of orientation. Broca's area, important in language production, is found in the frontal lobe, usually on the left side.

71. Occipital Lobes – These lobes are located at the back of the brain and enable humans to receive and process visual information. They influence

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13.how humans process colors and shapes. The occipital lobe on the right interprets visual signals from the left visual space, while the left occipital lobe performs the same function for the right visual space.

72. Parietal Lobes – These lobes interpret simultaneously, signals received from other areas of the brain such as vision, hearing, motor, sensory and memory. A person’s memory and the new sensory information received, give meaning to objects.

73. Temporal Lobes – These lobes are located on each side of the brain at about ear level, and can be divided into two parts. One part is on the bottom (ventral) of each hemisphere, and the other part is on the side (lateral) of each hemisphere. An area on the right side is involved in visual memory and helps humans recognize objects and peoples' faces. An area on the left side, Wernicke’s Area, is involved in verbal memory and helps humans remember and understand language. The rear of the temporal lobe enables humans to interpret other people’s emotions and reactions.

74. Limbic System – This system is involved in emotions. Included in this system are the hypothalamus, amygdale (active in producing aggressive behavior) and hippocampus (plays a role in the ability to remember new information) and pituitary gland.

75. Hypothalamus – The hypothalamus is a small structure that contains nerve connections that send messages to the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus handles information that comes from the autonomic nervous system. It plays a role in controlling functions such as eating, sexual behavior and sleeping; and regulates body temperature, emotions, secretion of hormones and movement. The pituitary gland develops from an extension of the hypothalamus downwards and from a second component extending upward from the roof of the mouth.

76. Pituitary Gland – The pituitary, aka the Master Gland, is a small gland attached to the base of the brain (behind the nose) The pituitary is often called the "master gland" because it controls the secretion of hormones. The pituitary is responsible for controlling and coordinating growth and development, the function of various body organs (i.e. kidneys, breasts and uterus), the function of other glands (i.e. thyroid, gonads, and adrenal glands)

77. The amygdale- an almond shaped mass of nuclei located deep within the temporal lobe of the brain. It is a limbic system structure that is involved in many of our emotions and motivations, particularly those that are related to survival. The amygdala is involved in the processing of emotions such as fear, anger and pleasure. The amygdala is also responsible for determining what memories are stored and where the memories are stored in the brain. It is thought that this determination is based on how intense an emotional response an event invokes

78. Hippocampus: The hippocampus is the part of the brain that is involved in memory forming, organizing, and storing; a limbic system structure that is particularly important in forming new memories and connecting emotions and senses, such as smell and sound, to memories. The hippocampus is a horseshoe shaped paired structure, with one hippocampus located in the left brain hemisphere and the other in the right hemisphere. The hippocampus is involved in several functions of the body including:

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13.Consolidation of New Memories, Emotional Responses, Navigation, Spatial Orientation

79. Pineal Gland – This gland is an outgrowth from the posterior or back portion of the third ventricle. In some mammals, it controls the response to darkness and light. In humans, it has some role in sexual maturation, although the exact function of the pineal gland in humans is unclear.

80. Thalamus – The thalamus serves as a relay station for almost all information that comes and goes to the cortex. It plays a role in pain sensation, attention and alertness. It acts as a switching station. The basal ganglia are clusters of nerve cells surrounding the thalamus.

BRAIN DRAIN!!1The oldest: a. medulla b. hippocampus c. amygdala d. cerebellum2. Limbic system includes, circle all: a. medulla b. hippocampus c. frontal lobe d. pituitary3. Coordination: a. medulla b. hippocampus c. thalamus d. cerebellum4. Sensory integration: a. medulla b. hippocampus c. thalamus d. cerebellum5. Sight: a. frontal b. occipital c. temporal d. parietal6. Master gland: a. thyroid b. pituitary c. medulla d. hypothalamus7. Spinal cord: a. central nervous system b. peripheral nervous system c. limbic system

Matching – use them more than once if you need toA. medulla B. cerebellum C. frontal D. occipital

E. temporalF. parietal G. Amygdala H. Hippocampus I. Hypothalamus J. ThalamusK. Reticular formation L. Broca’s area M. Wernicke’s areaN. Cerebral cortex_____8. balance_____9. speech_____10. hearing_____11. memory_____12. connects to spinal cord _____13. wrinkled_____14. fear and anger_____ 14 a arousal and alertness

_____ 14 b. where association areas are located_____ 14c. executive functions_____ 14 d. comprehension of language_____ 14 e. regulated by autonomic nervous system _____ 14 f. muscle memory_____ 14. g. LH and VH

_____ 14.h. located in the Left frontal lobe_____ 14 i. responsible for aggression and many emotions_____ 14 j. Switching station for all sensations

Multiple Choice:81. “Playboy philosophers” who value pleasurable sensory delights will be interested especially in

the function of the: A. reticular formation B. cerebellum C. limbic system D. association areas of the cerebral cortex

82. A student complains, “I can recall facts that I already know but I have trouble learning new material.” If this student’s memory problem were the result of brain injury, then the injury is probably localized in the

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13.A. brainstem B. thalamus C. cerebellum D. limbic system83. And this type of memory impairment is called

_________________________________________84. Higher mental functions that distinguish humans from other species are localized in the brain’s:A. limbic system B. thalamus and hypothalamus C. cerebral cortex D. cerebellum85. And specifically in the ______________________ lobe86. If you were to sleep on your back, then the brain’s ________________ lobe would be closest to

the pillow.A. occipital B. frontal C. parietal D. temporalMatching. Answers can be used only once.limbic systemcerebral cortexfrontal lobes

temporal lobesoccipital lobesmotor cortex

sensory cortexassociation areaS

12.

Tripken Spring Break Work_____19. The brain structure located at the front center of the cortex, containing major motor and speech and reasoning centers_____20. The structures of the brain lying behind the temporal lobes; includes the visual cortex_____21. The area within the cortex corresponding to the sense of touch._____22. One of the major areas of the brain, the site of higher mental processes, such as thought, language, memory and speech._____23. The “new brain”, responsible for the most sophisticated information processing in the brain; contains the lobes._____24. The portion of the brain located beneath the frontal and parietal lobes; includes the auditory sensory areas._____25. One of the major areas of the brain, responsible for voluntary movement of particular body parts._____26. The part of the brain located outside the “new brain” that controls eating, aggression, and reproduction.

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