1 volunteer chaplain training the theology of pastoral care module one © copyright 2001 al henager....
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Volunteer Chaplain Training
The Theology of Pastoral CareModule One
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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Disclaimer
Through almost fourteen years of work as a chaplain and over 25 years on pastoral ministry, I have gleaned a lot from many sources. It is not always possible for me to remember where a particular ideas originated. I have tried to give proper credit where I can. I may not have done so in every instance. If I have failed to give proper credit where it is due, I apologize. If anyone recognizes such a failure, please bring it to my attention, and I will correct it.
--Al Henager
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What is Pastoral Theology?
• Pastoral theology = “Practical Theology”– It is theology put into practice– The “praxis” of ministry
• Pastoral Care– The heart of practical theology– Theology of Pastoral Care
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
Much of slides 1-7 are derived from Dictionary of Pastoral Care and Counseling, Rodney J. Hunter, Ed.
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What is Pastoral Care?• Definition of Pastoral Care
– Pastor: A Latin word meaning “shepherd”• Related to pastus meaning “feeding”• A shepherd sees to the feeding, well being, and
growth of the flock
– Care• Noun – watchful attention; charge or supervision• Verb – to be concerned about
– Pastoral Care: To give watchful attention to or to be concerned about the feeding, well being, and growth of the flock.
– Came to mean “cure of soul”
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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What is Pastoral Care?
• Definition of “Flock”
– Applying it to theology and the church• Flock could be defined as
– Members– Those closely associated with members– Friends of the church– Would-be members
– Applying in larger sense• The hospital is the parish for chaplaincy
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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History of Pastoral Care
• Early Church– Community of believers as a “royal
priesthood”
• By the 3rd Century– Development of episcopoi– A separation of orders
• Clergy• Laity
• The Reformation– The “priesthood of the believer”
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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History of Pastoral Care• Recent years
– Sweeping societal changes– Swift advances in health care– Greater demand for pastoral care with less
resources
• The rise of the laity– Not all resources, wisdom and authority rest
with the clergy– Laity can be “living stones” to build a
spiritual house (1 Peter 2: 4-5)– Carry Christ to a hurting world
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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History of Pastoral Care
• Influence of the field of Psychology– Eric Erickson
• Ego development• Life stages• Stages of psychosocial development
– Carl Rogers• Client centered therapy• Reflective listening techniques
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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History of Pastoral Care• Influence of Pastoral Psychology
– Donald Capps• Psychosocial & theological themes• Focus on personal change
– William Arnold (Union Seminary• Human development model
– James Fowler (Emory University)• Stages of faith
– Anton Boisen & Seward Hiltner• The “Living Human Document”• The “Use of Self”
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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History of Pastoral Care
• Influence of Pastoral Psychology– John Patton (Columbia Seminary)
• We are held in God’s memory• That makes it possible to have human
care & community• Out of that we find faith and renew it• Remembering the story of Jesus gives
birth to the theology of listening
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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Pastoral Identity• The care giver as “pastor”• Use of self
– Who you are• Your beliefs• Your attitudes• Your needs• Your fears• Your unresolved issues
– Awareness of who you are
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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Pastoral Identity• Personal awareness
– “What are my needs in doing this?– “Who am I here for?– “What is my agenda?
• Ask:– Am I aware of my own needs and can I name
them?– Do I know how my own needs influence my
understanding of what is happening in visits?– Am I aware of how the way my needs have been
met in the past has determined the way I think about meeting the pastoral needs of others?© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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Pastoral Identity• Personal & pastoral authority
– Where does my authority come from to be a pastor?
• Three elements– Internal call
• Am I called of God to do this?
– External call• Do others (in the church) feel I am called?• Do I have the needed gifts?• Do I have the needed training?
– Commissioning• “Take the authority and go forth to minister.”© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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The Functions of Pastoral Care• Sustaining
– Giving Support, comfort and understanding to help a person through a time of crisis whether small or great, short-lived or on-going.
• Guiding– Helping another person, either by direction, clarification or
confrontation, to find solutions to problems or life's questions.
• Healing– Aiding a person to find wellness or wholeness from brokenness,
injury or disease.– In pastoral care we usually mean brokenness, injury or disease
in a spiritual and/or emotional sense.
• Reconciling– Helping a person to restore a relationship that has been broken
either with a person, a group of people, or God.From: William A. Clebsch and Charles R. Jaekle, Pastoral Care in Historical Perspective (New York: Harper, 1967).
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Functions of Pastoral Care
• Sustaining– Where cure, remedy, or resolution
are:• Improbable• Or will take a long time• When out of your skill set to offer
– Interventions• LISTENING• Ministry of presence
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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Functions of Pastoral Care
• Guiding– To help gain new
• Insights• Truths• Perspectives
– Interventions• LISTENING• Ministry of presence• Rogerian approach - “other centered”
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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Functions of Pastoral Care• Healing
– Meaning • The use of sozo varies in New Testament
– To be made well (Matt. 9: 22; Luke 19: 17)– To rescue (as in Peter sinking)– To preserve (Matt. 8: 35)– Wholeness ( Luke 19: 9-10)
• Healing is a wholeness involving the harmony of the body, mind, and spirit.
– Interventions• LISTENING• Ministry of presence• Prayer
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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Functions of Pastoral Care
• Reconciling– Restoration of relationships
• With God• Our neighbors• Our own selves
– Interventions• LISTENING• Ministry of presence• Forgiveness
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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The Scope of Pastoral Care
• Primary Pastoral Care vs. Pastoral Counseling & Pastoral Psychotherapy
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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The Scope of Pastoral Care
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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The Scope of Pastoral Care
Sustaining Guiding Healing Reconciling
Primary Pastoral Care
Pastoral Counseling/
Psychotherapy
--------PASTORAL CARE--------
(This is an over-simplification, but a big picture overview.)© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.
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The Scope of Pastoral Care• Philosophy
– In primary pastoral care we go to be with the other person on that person's level
– We go to support them or to comfort them– We do not go to
• Influence them• Change them• Convince them of something or• Get them to do something
– We go in without any agenda except to• Be with the other person• Listen to their situation• Hear their feelings and• Try to understand where they are & empathize with them
© Copyright 2001 Al Henager. Use only with written permission and with proper credit.