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UniverseUniverse

Technical Subgroup on the Movement of Technical Subgroup on the Movement of Natural Persons Natural Persons

(Paris, 31 January -2 February 2005)(Paris, 31 January -2 February 2005)

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OverviewOverview

• Why?Why?• Different alternatives to meet the needs ofDifferent alternatives to meet the needs of

• BPM5BPM5• GATS – Mode 4GATS – Mode 4

• Points for discussionPoints for discussion

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Why?Why?

• Define the boundaries according to different Define the boundaries according to different needsneeds

• Identify flows relevant to different types of Identify flows relevant to different types of analysis which may be classified in analysis which may be classified in different components of BPM5 of 1993 different components of BPM5 of 1993 SNASNA

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Choice of the universeChoice of the universe

• Linked to the objectives of the framework, Linked to the objectives of the framework, which are:which are:

• Measuring the impacts of movement of Measuring the impacts of movement of persons/migrationpersons/migration

• Measuring the impacts of GATS Mode 4Measuring the impacts of GATS Mode 4

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Measuring the impact of Measuring the impact of migrationmigration

• Broad universeBroad universe• All residentsAll residents

• Narrow universeNarrow universe• MigrantsMigrants

HOW TO DEFINE A MIGRANT?HOW TO DEFINE A MIGRANT?

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ResidentsResidents

ProPro• Easy to assessEasy to assess• Will match the need for the definition of Will match the need for the definition of

remittances –migrant and non-migrant - covering remittances –migrant and non-migrant - covering all household to household transfersall household to household transfers

ConsCons• Too broad for practical purpose still may need to Too broad for practical purpose still may need to

look only at migrantslook only at migrants

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MigrantsMigrants

Migrants are defined in BPM5 and migration Migrants are defined in BPM5 and migration statistics (broadly speaking) as persons who live of statistics (broadly speaking) as persons who live of have intention to live in the country for more than a have intention to live in the country for more than a yearyearNo mention of when a migrant ceases to be a No mention of when a migrant ceases to be a migrant.migrant.Possible criteria to define a migrant are: Possible criteria to define a migrant are:

Not being a citizenNot being a citizen

Being born abroadBeing born abroadStaying in the country for a certain number of yearsStaying in the country for a certain number of years

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Universe - Non-citizensUniverse - Non-citizens

ProPro• Easy to assessEasy to assess• Clear-cut criterion – based on lawClear-cut criterion – based on lawConsCons• Becoming a citizen does not imply weaker Becoming a citizen does not imply weaker

ties with the country of originties with the country of origin• May not be a relevant criterion for certain May not be a relevant criterion for certain

countriescountries

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Universe – Foreign bornUniverse – Foreign born

ProPro• Easy to assessEasy to assess

ConsCons• May not be relevant – especially with May not be relevant – especially with

increased globalizationincreased globalizationCross tabulating country of citizenship with Cross tabulating country of citizenship with country of birth may provide useful infocountry of birth may provide useful info

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Universe – Length of stayUniverse – Length of stay

ProPro• Uniform application across countries (e.g. after X Uniform application across countries (e.g. after X

year a person ceases to be a migrant)year a person ceases to be a migrant)

ConsCons• Difficult to assessDifficult to assess• May not entitle to acquisition of any legal rights May not entitle to acquisition of any legal rights

(e.g. illegal immigrants, may still be in a country (e.g. illegal immigrants, may still be in a country on a temporary visa, etc.)on a temporary visa, etc.)

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Universe – GATS Mode 4Universe – GATS Mode 4

• Sub-universe of the universe of the frameworkSub-universe of the universe of the framework• How to slice it?How to slice it?

• Eliminate all citizensEliminate all citizens• Eliminate all permanent residentsEliminate all permanent residents• Further slice on the basis of:Further slice on the basis of:

• Type of contractType of contract• Industry where the Mode 4 person worksIndustry where the Mode 4 person works• Occupational categoriesOccupational categories

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Points for discussionPoints for discussion• Does the TSG agree with the choice of all residents as the Does the TSG agree with the choice of all residents as the

universe for the statistical framework?universe for the statistical framework?• Or should the universe be limited to migrants?Or should the universe be limited to migrants?

• Which criterion to define a migrant would the TSG Which criterion to define a migrant would the TSG prefer?prefer?

• Does the TSG think that a definition of migrant is needed? Does the TSG think that a definition of migrant is needed? If yes, does the TSG agree with the following definition:If yes, does the TSG agree with the following definition:

““Persons who have become residents of a country by Persons who have become residents of a country by virtue of being expected to live there for a year or more, virtue of being expected to live there for a year or more, until they either become citizens or are born in the until they either become citizens or are born in the country, at which point the cease to be migrants”.country, at which point the cease to be migrants”.

• Does the TSG agree with defining the Mode 4 universe as Does the TSG agree with defining the Mode 4 universe as a sub-universe of the framework universe, sliced according a sub-universe of the framework universe, sliced according to selected variables? Which variables?to selected variables? Which variables?