1 transportation 运输 chapter 7 hu xiongying the wuhan institute of technology
TRANSCRIPT
1
TRANSPORTATION运输
Chapter 7
Hu Xiongying
The Wuhan Institute of Technology
2
COST TRADEOFFS REQUIRED INMARKETING AND LOGISTICS
Marketing ObjectiveAllocate resources to the marketing mix in such a manner as to maximize the long-term profitability of the firm
Logistics ObjectiveMinimize Total Costs given the customer service objective where total costs = Transportation Costs + Warehousing Costs + Order
Processing and Information Costs + Lot Quantity Costs + Inventory Carrying Costs
3
Growth in Freight Volume运输量的增长
bull Source Robert Delaney 9th Annual ldquoState of Logistics Reportrdquo 1998
4
Carrier Options (ldquoModesrdquo)承运人的可选项（运输模式）
PRIMARYbull 汽车1048713 Motorbull 铁路1048713 Railbull 空运1048713 Airbull 水运1048713 Waterbull 管道1048713 PipelineSUB-CATEGORIESbull 小型包裹承运人1048713 Small Packagebull 第三方1048713 Third Partybull 联运1048713 Intermodal
5
Legally Defined Forms of Transportation运输的法定形式
bull 普通承运人 Common Carriers ndash must carry for any shipper between designated points
bull 合同承运人 Contract Carriers ndash between specific company and carrier usually TL
bull 免责承运人 Exempt Carriers ndash exempt from most regulations except safety mainly agricultural newspapers etc
bull 私有承运人 Private Carriers ndash normally are ldquoNot for Hirerdquobut may operate ldquoFor Hirerdquo under certain strict conditions
6
FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION BY MODE各运输模式的运输形式
7
Cost Characteristics by Mode不同运输模式的成本特征
8
Industry Structure - Motor
50000 private trucking fleets (but on the decline)459000 motor carriers registered in 1998 most are s
mall carriers (70 lt 6 trucks)
整车货运 Truckload (TL) (20000 to 50000 lbs)ndash rapid expansion since deregulationmdashmany small carriers
零担货运 Less-than-truckload (LTL) (50 to 10000 lbs)ndash About 150 carriers
lbs(=pounds) 磅
9
ldquoHighway Trainsrdquo
bull Additional trailers can be called ldquopupsrdquobull Longer Combination Vehicles
ndash Triple Trailers Rocky Mountain Doubles and Turnpike Doubles
ndash 20 states have allowedndash Greater competition with railndash Safety concerns
bull Heavier trailers
10
Service Innovations in Rail(some that made ithellip some that didnrsquot)
bull 背负式运输 Piggybackndash 平板车加拖车 Trailer on flat car (TOFC)ndash 平板车加集装箱 Container on flat car (COFC)
bull 单元列车 Unit Train为某货运单位专编的循环直达列车
bull 双层列车 Double Stack
bull 自行拖车 Road-Railers
bull Flexivan
Van 有篷货车Flexible 柔韧性 灵活的 柔软的 能变形的
11
Waterbull 内陆航道 Inland (rivers etc)
bull 湖泊 Great Lakes
bull 沿海岸线 Intracoastal (along US coasts)
bull 海岸线间 Intercoastal (between US coasts)
bull 国际间的深海区 International Deep Sea
12
Airline Passenger Miles
What are two reasons for the downturn in 2001
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
2
COST TRADEOFFS REQUIRED INMARKETING AND LOGISTICS
Marketing ObjectiveAllocate resources to the marketing mix in such a manner as to maximize the long-term profitability of the firm
Logistics ObjectiveMinimize Total Costs given the customer service objective where total costs = Transportation Costs + Warehousing Costs + Order
Processing and Information Costs + Lot Quantity Costs + Inventory Carrying Costs
3
Growth in Freight Volume运输量的增长
bull Source Robert Delaney 9th Annual ldquoState of Logistics Reportrdquo 1998
4
Carrier Options (ldquoModesrdquo)承运人的可选项（运输模式）
PRIMARYbull 汽车1048713 Motorbull 铁路1048713 Railbull 空运1048713 Airbull 水运1048713 Waterbull 管道1048713 PipelineSUB-CATEGORIESbull 小型包裹承运人1048713 Small Packagebull 第三方1048713 Third Partybull 联运1048713 Intermodal
5
Legally Defined Forms of Transportation运输的法定形式
bull 普通承运人 Common Carriers ndash must carry for any shipper between designated points
bull 合同承运人 Contract Carriers ndash between specific company and carrier usually TL
bull 免责承运人 Exempt Carriers ndash exempt from most regulations except safety mainly agricultural newspapers etc
bull 私有承运人 Private Carriers ndash normally are ldquoNot for Hirerdquobut may operate ldquoFor Hirerdquo under certain strict conditions
6
FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION BY MODE各运输模式的运输形式
7
Cost Characteristics by Mode不同运输模式的成本特征
8
Industry Structure - Motor
50000 private trucking fleets (but on the decline)459000 motor carriers registered in 1998 most are s
mall carriers (70 lt 6 trucks)
整车货运 Truckload (TL) (20000 to 50000 lbs)ndash rapid expansion since deregulationmdashmany small carriers
零担货运 Less-than-truckload (LTL) (50 to 10000 lbs)ndash About 150 carriers
lbs(=pounds) 磅
9
ldquoHighway Trainsrdquo
bull Additional trailers can be called ldquopupsrdquobull Longer Combination Vehicles
ndash Triple Trailers Rocky Mountain Doubles and Turnpike Doubles
ndash 20 states have allowedndash Greater competition with railndash Safety concerns
bull Heavier trailers
10
Service Innovations in Rail(some that made ithellip some that didnrsquot)
bull 背负式运输 Piggybackndash 平板车加拖车 Trailer on flat car (TOFC)ndash 平板车加集装箱 Container on flat car (COFC)
bull 单元列车 Unit Train为某货运单位专编的循环直达列车
bull 双层列车 Double Stack
bull 自行拖车 Road-Railers
bull Flexivan
Van 有篷货车Flexible 柔韧性 灵活的 柔软的 能变形的
11
Waterbull 内陆航道 Inland (rivers etc)
bull 湖泊 Great Lakes
bull 沿海岸线 Intracoastal (along US coasts)
bull 海岸线间 Intercoastal (between US coasts)
bull 国际间的深海区 International Deep Sea
12
Airline Passenger Miles
What are two reasons for the downturn in 2001
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
3
Growth in Freight Volume运输量的增长
bull Source Robert Delaney 9th Annual ldquoState of Logistics Reportrdquo 1998
4
Carrier Options (ldquoModesrdquo)承运人的可选项（运输模式）
PRIMARYbull 汽车1048713 Motorbull 铁路1048713 Railbull 空运1048713 Airbull 水运1048713 Waterbull 管道1048713 PipelineSUB-CATEGORIESbull 小型包裹承运人1048713 Small Packagebull 第三方1048713 Third Partybull 联运1048713 Intermodal
5
Legally Defined Forms of Transportation运输的法定形式
bull 普通承运人 Common Carriers ndash must carry for any shipper between designated points
bull 合同承运人 Contract Carriers ndash between specific company and carrier usually TL
bull 免责承运人 Exempt Carriers ndash exempt from most regulations except safety mainly agricultural newspapers etc
bull 私有承运人 Private Carriers ndash normally are ldquoNot for Hirerdquobut may operate ldquoFor Hirerdquo under certain strict conditions
6
FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION BY MODE各运输模式的运输形式
7
Cost Characteristics by Mode不同运输模式的成本特征
8
Industry Structure - Motor
50000 private trucking fleets (but on the decline)459000 motor carriers registered in 1998 most are s
mall carriers (70 lt 6 trucks)
整车货运 Truckload (TL) (20000 to 50000 lbs)ndash rapid expansion since deregulationmdashmany small carriers
零担货运 Less-than-truckload (LTL) (50 to 10000 lbs)ndash About 150 carriers
lbs(=pounds) 磅
9
ldquoHighway Trainsrdquo
bull Additional trailers can be called ldquopupsrdquobull Longer Combination Vehicles
ndash Triple Trailers Rocky Mountain Doubles and Turnpike Doubles
ndash 20 states have allowedndash Greater competition with railndash Safety concerns
bull Heavier trailers
10
Service Innovations in Rail(some that made ithellip some that didnrsquot)
bull 背负式运输 Piggybackndash 平板车加拖车 Trailer on flat car (TOFC)ndash 平板车加集装箱 Container on flat car (COFC)
bull 单元列车 Unit Train为某货运单位专编的循环直达列车
bull 双层列车 Double Stack
bull 自行拖车 Road-Railers
bull Flexivan
Van 有篷货车Flexible 柔韧性 灵活的 柔软的 能变形的
11
Waterbull 内陆航道 Inland (rivers etc)
bull 湖泊 Great Lakes
bull 沿海岸线 Intracoastal (along US coasts)
bull 海岸线间 Intercoastal (between US coasts)
bull 国际间的深海区 International Deep Sea
12
Airline Passenger Miles
What are two reasons for the downturn in 2001
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
4
Carrier Options (ldquoModesrdquo)承运人的可选项（运输模式）
PRIMARYbull 汽车1048713 Motorbull 铁路1048713 Railbull 空运1048713 Airbull 水运1048713 Waterbull 管道1048713 PipelineSUB-CATEGORIESbull 小型包裹承运人1048713 Small Packagebull 第三方1048713 Third Partybull 联运1048713 Intermodal
5
Legally Defined Forms of Transportation运输的法定形式
bull 普通承运人 Common Carriers ndash must carry for any shipper between designated points
bull 合同承运人 Contract Carriers ndash between specific company and carrier usually TL
bull 免责承运人 Exempt Carriers ndash exempt from most regulations except safety mainly agricultural newspapers etc
bull 私有承运人 Private Carriers ndash normally are ldquoNot for Hirerdquobut may operate ldquoFor Hirerdquo under certain strict conditions
6
FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION BY MODE各运输模式的运输形式
7
Cost Characteristics by Mode不同运输模式的成本特征
8
Industry Structure - Motor
50000 private trucking fleets (but on the decline)459000 motor carriers registered in 1998 most are s
mall carriers (70 lt 6 trucks)
整车货运 Truckload (TL) (20000 to 50000 lbs)ndash rapid expansion since deregulationmdashmany small carriers
零担货运 Less-than-truckload (LTL) (50 to 10000 lbs)ndash About 150 carriers
lbs(=pounds) 磅
9
ldquoHighway Trainsrdquo
bull Additional trailers can be called ldquopupsrdquobull Longer Combination Vehicles
ndash Triple Trailers Rocky Mountain Doubles and Turnpike Doubles
ndash 20 states have allowedndash Greater competition with railndash Safety concerns
bull Heavier trailers
10
Service Innovations in Rail(some that made ithellip some that didnrsquot)
bull 背负式运输 Piggybackndash 平板车加拖车 Trailer on flat car (TOFC)ndash 平板车加集装箱 Container on flat car (COFC)
bull 单元列车 Unit Train为某货运单位专编的循环直达列车
bull 双层列车 Double Stack
bull 自行拖车 Road-Railers
bull Flexivan
Van 有篷货车Flexible 柔韧性 灵活的 柔软的 能变形的
11
Waterbull 内陆航道 Inland (rivers etc)
bull 湖泊 Great Lakes
bull 沿海岸线 Intracoastal (along US coasts)
bull 海岸线间 Intercoastal (between US coasts)
bull 国际间的深海区 International Deep Sea
12
Airline Passenger Miles
What are two reasons for the downturn in 2001
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
5
Legally Defined Forms of Transportation运输的法定形式
bull 普通承运人 Common Carriers ndash must carry for any shipper between designated points
bull 合同承运人 Contract Carriers ndash between specific company and carrier usually TL
bull 免责承运人 Exempt Carriers ndash exempt from most regulations except safety mainly agricultural newspapers etc
bull 私有承运人 Private Carriers ndash normally are ldquoNot for Hirerdquobut may operate ldquoFor Hirerdquo under certain strict conditions
6
FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION BY MODE各运输模式的运输形式
7
Cost Characteristics by Mode不同运输模式的成本特征
8
Industry Structure - Motor
50000 private trucking fleets (but on the decline)459000 motor carriers registered in 1998 most are s
mall carriers (70 lt 6 trucks)
整车货运 Truckload (TL) (20000 to 50000 lbs)ndash rapid expansion since deregulationmdashmany small carriers
零担货运 Less-than-truckload (LTL) (50 to 10000 lbs)ndash About 150 carriers
lbs(=pounds) 磅
9
ldquoHighway Trainsrdquo
bull Additional trailers can be called ldquopupsrdquobull Longer Combination Vehicles
ndash Triple Trailers Rocky Mountain Doubles and Turnpike Doubles
ndash 20 states have allowedndash Greater competition with railndash Safety concerns
bull Heavier trailers
10
Service Innovations in Rail(some that made ithellip some that didnrsquot)
bull 背负式运输 Piggybackndash 平板车加拖车 Trailer on flat car (TOFC)ndash 平板车加集装箱 Container on flat car (COFC)
bull 单元列车 Unit Train为某货运单位专编的循环直达列车
bull 双层列车 Double Stack
bull 自行拖车 Road-Railers
bull Flexivan
Van 有篷货车Flexible 柔韧性 灵活的 柔软的 能变形的
11
Waterbull 内陆航道 Inland (rivers etc)
bull 湖泊 Great Lakes
bull 沿海岸线 Intracoastal (along US coasts)
bull 海岸线间 Intercoastal (between US coasts)
bull 国际间的深海区 International Deep Sea
12
Airline Passenger Miles
What are two reasons for the downturn in 2001
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
6
FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION BY MODE各运输模式的运输形式
7
Cost Characteristics by Mode不同运输模式的成本特征
8
Industry Structure - Motor
50000 private trucking fleets (but on the decline)459000 motor carriers registered in 1998 most are s
mall carriers (70 lt 6 trucks)
整车货运 Truckload (TL) (20000 to 50000 lbs)ndash rapid expansion since deregulationmdashmany small carriers
零担货运 Less-than-truckload (LTL) (50 to 10000 lbs)ndash About 150 carriers
lbs(=pounds) 磅
9
ldquoHighway Trainsrdquo
bull Additional trailers can be called ldquopupsrdquobull Longer Combination Vehicles
ndash Triple Trailers Rocky Mountain Doubles and Turnpike Doubles
ndash 20 states have allowedndash Greater competition with railndash Safety concerns
bull Heavier trailers
10
Service Innovations in Rail(some that made ithellip some that didnrsquot)
bull 背负式运输 Piggybackndash 平板车加拖车 Trailer on flat car (TOFC)ndash 平板车加集装箱 Container on flat car (COFC)
bull 单元列车 Unit Train为某货运单位专编的循环直达列车
bull 双层列车 Double Stack
bull 自行拖车 Road-Railers
bull Flexivan
Van 有篷货车Flexible 柔韧性 灵活的 柔软的 能变形的
11
Waterbull 内陆航道 Inland (rivers etc)
bull 湖泊 Great Lakes
bull 沿海岸线 Intracoastal (along US coasts)
bull 海岸线间 Intercoastal (between US coasts)
bull 国际间的深海区 International Deep Sea
12
Airline Passenger Miles
What are two reasons for the downturn in 2001
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
7
Cost Characteristics by Mode不同运输模式的成本特征
8
Industry Structure - Motor
50000 private trucking fleets (but on the decline)459000 motor carriers registered in 1998 most are s
mall carriers (70 lt 6 trucks)
整车货运 Truckload (TL) (20000 to 50000 lbs)ndash rapid expansion since deregulationmdashmany small carriers
零担货运 Less-than-truckload (LTL) (50 to 10000 lbs)ndash About 150 carriers
lbs(=pounds) 磅
9
ldquoHighway Trainsrdquo
bull Additional trailers can be called ldquopupsrdquobull Longer Combination Vehicles
ndash Triple Trailers Rocky Mountain Doubles and Turnpike Doubles
ndash 20 states have allowedndash Greater competition with railndash Safety concerns
bull Heavier trailers
10
Service Innovations in Rail(some that made ithellip some that didnrsquot)
bull 背负式运输 Piggybackndash 平板车加拖车 Trailer on flat car (TOFC)ndash 平板车加集装箱 Container on flat car (COFC)
bull 单元列车 Unit Train为某货运单位专编的循环直达列车
bull 双层列车 Double Stack
bull 自行拖车 Road-Railers
bull Flexivan
Van 有篷货车Flexible 柔韧性 灵活的 柔软的 能变形的
11
Waterbull 内陆航道 Inland (rivers etc)
bull 湖泊 Great Lakes
bull 沿海岸线 Intracoastal (along US coasts)
bull 海岸线间 Intercoastal (between US coasts)
bull 国际间的深海区 International Deep Sea
12
Airline Passenger Miles
What are two reasons for the downturn in 2001
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
8
Industry Structure - Motor
50000 private trucking fleets (but on the decline)459000 motor carriers registered in 1998 most are s
mall carriers (70 lt 6 trucks)
整车货运 Truckload (TL) (20000 to 50000 lbs)ndash rapid expansion since deregulationmdashmany small carriers
零担货运 Less-than-truckload (LTL) (50 to 10000 lbs)ndash About 150 carriers
lbs(=pounds) 磅
9
ldquoHighway Trainsrdquo
bull Additional trailers can be called ldquopupsrdquobull Longer Combination Vehicles
ndash Triple Trailers Rocky Mountain Doubles and Turnpike Doubles
ndash 20 states have allowedndash Greater competition with railndash Safety concerns
bull Heavier trailers
10
Service Innovations in Rail(some that made ithellip some that didnrsquot)
bull 背负式运输 Piggybackndash 平板车加拖车 Trailer on flat car (TOFC)ndash 平板车加集装箱 Container on flat car (COFC)
bull 单元列车 Unit Train为某货运单位专编的循环直达列车
bull 双层列车 Double Stack
bull 自行拖车 Road-Railers
bull Flexivan
Van 有篷货车Flexible 柔韧性 灵活的 柔软的 能变形的
11
Waterbull 内陆航道 Inland (rivers etc)
bull 湖泊 Great Lakes
bull 沿海岸线 Intracoastal (along US coasts)
bull 海岸线间 Intercoastal (between US coasts)
bull 国际间的深海区 International Deep Sea
12
Airline Passenger Miles
What are two reasons for the downturn in 2001
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
9
ldquoHighway Trainsrdquo
bull Additional trailers can be called ldquopupsrdquobull Longer Combination Vehicles
ndash Triple Trailers Rocky Mountain Doubles and Turnpike Doubles
ndash 20 states have allowedndash Greater competition with railndash Safety concerns
bull Heavier trailers
10
Service Innovations in Rail(some that made ithellip some that didnrsquot)
bull 背负式运输 Piggybackndash 平板车加拖车 Trailer on flat car (TOFC)ndash 平板车加集装箱 Container on flat car (COFC)
bull 单元列车 Unit Train为某货运单位专编的循环直达列车
bull 双层列车 Double Stack
bull 自行拖车 Road-Railers
bull Flexivan
Van 有篷货车Flexible 柔韧性 灵活的 柔软的 能变形的
11
Waterbull 内陆航道 Inland (rivers etc)
bull 湖泊 Great Lakes
bull 沿海岸线 Intracoastal (along US coasts)
bull 海岸线间 Intercoastal (between US coasts)
bull 国际间的深海区 International Deep Sea
12
Airline Passenger Miles
What are two reasons for the downturn in 2001
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
10
Service Innovations in Rail(some that made ithellip some that didnrsquot)
bull 背负式运输 Piggybackndash 平板车加拖车 Trailer on flat car (TOFC)ndash 平板车加集装箱 Container on flat car (COFC)
bull 单元列车 Unit Train为某货运单位专编的循环直达列车
bull 双层列车 Double Stack
bull 自行拖车 Road-Railers
bull Flexivan
Van 有篷货车Flexible 柔韧性 灵活的 柔软的 能变形的
11
Waterbull 内陆航道 Inland (rivers etc)
bull 湖泊 Great Lakes
bull 沿海岸线 Intracoastal (along US coasts)
bull 海岸线间 Intercoastal (between US coasts)
bull 国际间的深海区 International Deep Sea
12
Airline Passenger Miles
What are two reasons for the downturn in 2001
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
11
Waterbull 内陆航道 Inland (rivers etc)
bull 湖泊 Great Lakes
bull 沿海岸线 Intracoastal (along US coasts)
bull 海岸线间 Intercoastal (between US coasts)
bull 国际间的深海区 International Deep Sea
12
Airline Passenger Miles
What are two reasons for the downturn in 2001
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
12
Airline Passenger Miles
What are two reasons for the downturn in 2001
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
13
Sudden Impact
Change in air travel marketndash Inconvenient slower than beforendash Value and importance in business travel decliningndash Potential exit of major carriers
bull 5th year of lossesndash New entrants low-cost carriersndash Less profitable regional markets in danger
Pressure to meet profitsndash Labor cutbacksndash Revenue gains from increasing load factorndash US ldquoDesert fleetrdquo at approximately 15 (820 planes
since 911)Hawk amp Horst and Ransburg amp Johnson presentations au03
Entrant 进入者 新到者 新工作者 新会员 大学新生 参加竞赛者
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
14
Air Cargo
bull For time-sensitive and high-value goods
bull Incidental to air passenger businesses
bull Where do most of the flowers imported into the US come from and how
From SouthAmerica throughMiami by air
Incidental adj 附带的 非主要的 偶然的 容易发生的 n 伴随事件 ( 用复数 ) 杂项杂费
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
15
Pipelines
bull A major carrier of freight based on intercity ton-miles but onlyndash 4 of total revenues
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
16
Third Parties第三方
bull 运输经纪人 Transportation brokers ndash arrange motor carrier shipments
bull 货运转运人 Freight forwarders - consolidate small shipments and make money on the margin eg between LCL amp CL on containers
bull 托运人协会 Shippersrsquo associations - Shipper (non-profit) groups pool shipments to get better rates
bull 联运营销公司 Intermodal marketing companies (Shipperrsquos Agents) ndash provide piggyback services to shippers work closely with RRrsquos
bull 第三方物流服务提供商 Third-party logistics service providers ndash may involve more than just transportation services especially the management aspect
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
17
ModeCarrier Selection模式 承运人选择决策过程
bull 问题发现1048713 Problem recognition
bull 搜索过程1048713 Search process
bull 选择过程1048713 Choice process
bull 事后评估1048713 Post-choice evaluation
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
18
US FREIGHT EXPENDITURES($ billions)
美国运费支出
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
19
US TON -- MILES OF FREIGHT美国以吨 middot 英里计的运输量
Source US Dept of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics 1997
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
20
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Economic characteristicsraquoCost
raquoMarket coverage
raquoDegree of competition
raquoPredominant traffic
raquoAverage length of haul
raquoEquipment capacity
Predominant 卓越的 支配的 主要的 突出的 有影响的
Haul 用力拖拉 拖 拉
length of haul 运距
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
21
Comparison of US DomesticTransportation Modes
Service characteristicsndash Speed (time-in-transit)ndash Dependability (consistency of service - delivery
time variability)ndash Market coverage (door-to-door)ndash Loss and damagendash Flexibility (handling a variety of products and
meeting shipperrsquos needs)ndash Ability to provide more than basic transportation
service (become part of shipperrsquos overall marketing and logistics programs)
Dependability 可信任 可靠性
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
22
Relative Modal Service Characteristics各运输模式的服务特征
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
23
Factors Influencing Transportation Costs影响运输成本的因素
产品相关因素 Product-related factorsbull 密度1048713 Density ndash weightvolume ratiobull 可装载性1048713 Stowability ndash unusual sizesbull 搬运的难易程度1048713 Ease or difficulty of handlingbull 可靠性1048713 Liability ndash carrier may assume市场相关因素 Market-related factorsbull 竞争程度1048713 Degree of competitionbull 市场位置1048713 Location of marketsbull 政府管制1048713 Government regulationbull 出入市场的运输量是否平衡1048713
Freight traffic into and out of a marketbull 产品是否在国内还是在国际间运输1048713
Domestic versus international movement
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
24
TRANSPORTATION MEASUREMENTS
运输衡量By zip code channel customer group product
bull ConsolidationPooling Opportunities (inbound and outbound)
bull Damage activity (by carrier and shipment size)
bull Carrier activity (volumes and dollars)
Consolidation 巩固 合并
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
25
TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSISSample Overview
运输成本分析Data Included
bull Carrier Namebull Total Weightbull Deficit Weight (ldquoWindrdquo)bull Origin Zip Codebull Destination Zip Codebull Amount Paidbull Commodity classificationbull Bill of Lading Reference
bill of lading 提货单 Deficit 赤字 不足额
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
26
KEY MEASUREMENT TASKSTRANSPORTATION COSTS
bull If possible track freight bills to individual orders by referencing the bill of lading
bull Recognize the difference in costs per lb of different size shipments
bull Differentiate between customerldquo shipments and stock transfers
bull Delete obvious errors (eg excessive $ amp wt) Be very careful here
bull Use the first3 digits of the zip code to create geographic market areas andor freight consolidation territories
bull Breakdown costs into matrix-like combinations ofndash Shipment type (customers vs
Transfers)ndash Company originsndash Destination areasndash Shipment sizendash Modendash Productfreight class
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
27
12 WAYS TO CUT FREIGHT COSTS削减货运成本的 12 种方法
bull Negotiate Round-Trip Ratesbull Discount Re Multiple Pick-
Ups of LTL Shipmentsbull Evaluate Contract Vs Private
Fleet Modesbull Combine LTL for Break Bulk
Distributionbull Base Rates On Limited
Carrier Liabilitybull Utilize New Rail
OptionsServices
bull Assist Carriers In Identifying Needs for Services
bull Peg Negotiated Rate to Performance (Service Level)
bull Match amp Consolidate Inbound amp Outbound Shipments
bull Utilize Scheduled Delivery Programs
bull Identify High Volume RoutesLanes
bull Match Carrier Imbalanced Routes with Volume Lanes
Re Rate of Exchange 兑换率
pick-up 提取 搭便车
break-bulk cargo 杂货普通货物
A limited train or bus 直达的火车或汽车 Peg 稳住市价 ( 股票 ) 钉住 ( 指价格汇价等 )
Scheduled 预定的
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
28
GREATER COST SAVINGS CAN BE ACHIEVED BYSHIFTING TRAFFIC TO LESS EXPENSIVE MODESTHAN BY NEGOTIATING GREATER DISCOUNTS
选择更便宜的运输模式而不是更大的折扣会获得更大的成本节约
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
29
Carrier Pricing承运人定价
bull 递送定价 Delivered pricingndash To retail stores (ldquoFree-on-Boardrdquo)ndash To other locations
bull 服务成本定价 Cost-of-service pricingbull 服务价值定价 Value-of-service pricingbull 数量折扣 Quantity discountsbull 补贴 Allowances
ndash Legalbull Mileage credits Customer pickup etc
ndash Illegalbull Discriminatory or predatory
This is a major issue in Consumer Goods
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
30
Types of Freight Rates费率的种类
bull 线路费 Line Haulbull 等级费率 Class ndash based on density and valuebull 例外费率 Exception ndash exceptions to class rates
special rates lower than class ratesbull 商品费率 Commodity ndash large quantities shippe
d point-to-point on a regular basisbull 合同费率 Contract ndash negotiated between shipp
er and carrierbull 通用费率 Freight-all-Kinds (FAK)
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
31
International DistributionShipping Options (Cont)
Source Adapted from David L Anderson ldquoInternational Logistics Strategies for the Eightiesrdquo Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the National Council of Physical Distribution Management 1984 p 363 Used by permission of the Council of Logistics Management
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
32
ACTUAL VS POTENTIAL TRAILER CUBE UTILIZATIONSix Weeks Sample
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
33
POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN TRAILERSSix Weeks Sample
Sounds good What else would you like to knowbefore committing to one of these solutions
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
34
Freight Paid - By Size of ShipmentSummary By Mode - Three Months Sample
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
35
QUALITY PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION3M CASE STUDY
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
36
PARTNERSHIP FOCUS The carrier is an extension of 3M It is directly involved with moments of truth when interacti
ng with 3M and its customers and suppliers 3M and the carrier have the responsibility to perform in exact conformance to agreed-upon standards Such performance has a direct reflection on 3M we manage the moments of truth can make a vital difference in meeting and How exceeding customer expectations 3M and the carrier have roles in making Partners in Quality a success
bull 3Ms Responsibilitiesndash 1048708 Meet carrier requirements for safe and timely movement of 3M materials 100 of the timendash 1048708 Provide a framework for quality improvement - a way to manage the processndash 1048708 Foster opportunities for carriers to excel in conforming to customer expectations and exceeding
performance standardsndash 1048708 Establish mutual agreements reflecting value for both partiesndash 1048708 Encourage open communication for quality improvement and increased customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual responses to satisfy carrier information needsndash 1048708 Recognize outstanding carrier quality achievementsndash 1048708 Establish quality improvement teams as appropriate
bull Carriers ResponsibilitiesJust as we require excellence from our people 3M expects carriers tondash 1048708 Perform 100 to agreed upon standards and requirementsndash 1048708 Work with their respective 3M shipping location(s) to develop local standardsndash 1048708 Provide prompt courteous and factual response to inquiries or special requests from 3M its cust
omers and suppliersndash 1048708 Be proactive by openly sharing information essential for performance and customer satisfactionndash 1048708 Communicate its own requirements and expectations for cost and service improvementndash 1048708 Strive for innovation and technology improvementsndash 1048708 Use measurement and evaluation techniques that display quality performancendash 1048708 Participate in established quality improvement teams
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
37
PARTNERS IN SERVICE EXCELLENCE(A 3M Program)
bull Strategic Objectiveshellipndash Establish the customer as the key focusndash Reinforce that a strong partnership and that performance is
critical to meeting customer expectationsndash Create an innovativecreative environment between the
company carrier and customerndash Recognize company and carrier for service excellence
bull Essentials for Successhellipndash Reliabilityndash Manage Moments of Truth (MOT)ndash Innovation
Source 3M
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
38
RELIABILITY可靠性
Perform the Basics Well
Delivered on-time
Delivered complete
Delivered damage free
Driver helpfulness
Source 3M
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
39
MANAGE MOMENTS OF TRUTH
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
40
INNOVATION创新
Provide the customer with innovativecreative solutions and ldquovalue-addedrdquo programs that support market share growth and improve productivity
Source 3M
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
41
CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
运输成功的标准DEFINE
STREAMLINE
ELIMINATE
RE-ENGINEER
PARTNER
OUTSOURCE
Source 3M
Does it add value
Can it be done more efficiently
Non-value added and inefficient
Start over clean
Customer and carrier alliances
Carriers third-parties and trade associations
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
42
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准bull Did you ever wonder why they have all
those truck weighing stations along our interstate highwaysndash To collect statistics on weight amp freight ndash To assure the collection of taxes ndash To control contraband ndash To inspect driversrsquo logbooks ndash To check shipping documents
The main reason ishellip
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-
43
MORE CRITERIA FORTRANSPORTATION SUCCESS
更多运输成功的标准Well those are not the only real
reasons Itrsquos all of the reasons listed above plus hellip
to make sure the vehicle is not overloaded properly balanced and not a hazard
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
-