1 the vienna programme of action for landlocked developing countries gladys mutangadura senior...

1

The Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries

Gladys MutangaduraSenior Economic Affairs Officer

UN-OHRLLS

2

The Vienna Programme of Action for LLDCs

The Outcome of UN LLDC II Conference, held 3-5 November 2014, in Vienna Austria

Inputs received from member States through National Reports and Regional Consultations

Focuses on efficient transit and transport systems, structural transformation, competitiveness, trade, regional cooperation.

Seeks to reduce poverty, build resilience, address inequality.

Aims to transform Landlocked countries to Land-linked economies

“ The Overarching Goal of VPoA is to address the special development challenges of LLDCs arising from landlockedness, remoteness and geographical constraints in coherent manner…to contribute to sustainable and inclusive growth”

A holistic, action-oriented Programme of action to be implemented 2014 to 2024

21 specific objectives Actions: 23 for LLDCs; 9 for transit countries; 25 joint

actions for LLDCs and transit countries; 30 for Partners.

Based on renewed, strengthened partnerships involving LLDCs, transit countries, development partners, Private sector, international, multilateral and regional organizations, UN system

3


The UN Office for PartnershipsVPoA Partners

• UN System, Int, Reg, and Nat Organizations,

• Development Partners

• Transit Countries

• LLDCs

Economic Isolation

Landlockedness and

Remoteness

Low Productivity,

Over Reliance on Commoditie

s

High Incidence of

Poverty

Other partners eg. Private sector

5

Millennium Development Goals

Specific Goals and Objectives

1. For unfettered, efficient and cost-effective access to the sea; freedom of transit, and in accordance with international law

2. To reduce transit costs and delays through, e.g. simple and standard rules and regulations.

3. Develop, upgrade and maintain transit transport infrastructure networks, fix missing links.

4. Implement legal instruments; strengthen regional integration;

5. Promote global trade, structural transformation [enhanced productive capacities, value addition, diversification];

6. Strengthen international support to LLDCs


Six Priority Areas1. Fundamental Transit Policy Issues

2. Infrastructure Development and Maintenance

Transport Infrastructure Energy and ICT Infrastructure

3. International trade and trade facilitation

International Trade Trade Facilitation

4. Regional Integration and Cooperation

5. Structural Economic Transformation

6. Means of Implementation

6


7


Priority 1: Transit Policy Issues Free, faster movement of goods along corridors, border

points and ports. Address intermodal connectivity and efficiency

Harmonize, simplify, standardize rules, regulations documents.

Specific objectives: (a) To reduce travel time along corridors, with the

aim of allowing transit cargo to move a distance of 300 to 400 kilometres every 24 hours;

(b) To significantly reduce the time spent at land borders;

(c) To significantly improve intermodal connectivity


8


Priority 1: Transit Policy Issues

Actions LLDCs & Transit countries to ratify and implement

Conventions, and bilateral, subregional and regional agreements

Coordinate border + customs controls, remove roadblocks, exchange data, National multi-stakeholder mechanisms

Partners to support efforts above actions; encourage organizations to provide technical and financial aid.


9


Priority 2: Infrastructure Development & Maintenance

Focuses on transit transport infrastructure, information and communications technology and energy infrastructure

Aims to cut transaction cost, improve competitiveness and promote integration in global market

Has two parts (a) Transport infrastructure, (b) Energy and information and communications technology infrastructure


10


Priority 2 (a): Infrastructure Development & Maintenance

To improve quality and quantity of roads, rail and port facilities, complete missing links

Specific objectives:

(a)To significantly increase the quality of roads, including increasing the share of paved roads, by nationally appropriate standards;

(b)To expand and upgrade the railway infrastructure in landlocked developing countries, where applicable;

(c) To complete missing links in the regional road and railway transit transport networks.


11


Priority 2 (a): Infrastructure Development & Maintenance

Actions LLDCs, transit countries to develop national policies,

transit corridors & ancillary facilities, border-crossing mechanisms, dry ports, inland container depots, and logistic hubs.

Promote PPPs, harmonize rail gauges, improve capacities, training, railway staff exchanges; liberalized and permit-free transit road transport

Partners to support above efforts, share experiences, mobilize finances and private sector support


12


Priority 2 (b): Energy and ICT Infrastructure Relates to Energy and ICTs, including broadband policy,

digital divide and internet


(a) To expand and upgrade, as appropriate, infrastructure for supply, transmission and distribution of modern and renewable energy services in rural and urban areas;

(b) All landlocked developing countries should make broadband policy universal;

(c) To promote open and affordable access to the Internet for all;

(d) Landlocked developing countries should actively engage to address the digital divide.


13


Priority 2 (b): Energy and ICT Infrastructure Actions LLDCs to prioritize energy production, trade and

distribution, energy policy, harmonize legal and regulatory frameworks, promote digital bridges, internet access, connect to undersea cables etc

Partners to support efforts in energy, and ICT, broadband and related policy, undertake capacity-building


14


Priority 3: International Trade and Trade Facilitation Aims to boost LLDCs global trade, export volume, value

addition, manufactured exports, diversification of products and markets

Possible if transit costs and delays reduced; productivity and competitiveness boosted; greater participation in multilateral trading system; Boost global value chains, services sector

South-south trade crucial; 2013 Trade Facilitation Agreement of the WTO

Two sub priorities (a) International Trade, (b) Trade Facilitation.


15


Priority 3 (a): International Trade Specific objectives:

(a) To significantly increase the participation of LLDCs in global trade, with a focus on substantially increasing exports;

(b) To significantly increase the value added and manufactured component, and substantially diversifying their markets and products;

(c) To further strengthen economic and financial ties between LLDCs and other countries in the same region so as to gradually and consistently increase the LLDCs’ share in intraregional trade;

(d) To invite Member States to consider the specific needs and challenges of LLDCs in all international trade negotiations.


16


Priority 3 (a): International Trade Actions LLDC to develop trade strategy based on comparative

advantages and opportunities; integrate trade policies in development strategies; focus on GVC and SMEs; other appropriate policies.

Transit countries to invest in LLDCs’ productive and trading capacities; grant access to their products; improve logistical efficiencies.

Partners to support actions related to trade; address non-tariff measures; technology transfer; technical assistance and capacity building, and aid-for-trade.


17


Priority 3 (b): Trade Facilitation Relates to non-physical barriers, delays,

inefficiencies at borders, ports i.e. customs procedures, documentation, logistic, weak institutions and human capacities

Specific objectives:(a) To significantly simplify and streamline border crossing

procedures with the aim of reducing port and border delays;

(b) To improve transit facilities and their efficiency with the aim of reducing transaction costs;

(c) To ensure that all transit regulations, formalities and procedures for traffic in transit are published and updated in accordance with the Agreement on Trade Facilitation of the World Trade Organization.


18


Priority 3 (b): Trade Facilitation LLDCs & Transit countries to establish national Trade

Facilitation committees, and other TF measures; port and border transparency

Partners to support Trade Facilitation activities, share best practices, build capacity building, provide technical assistance, aid-for-trade


19


Priority 4: Regional Integration and Cooperation For connectivity in transport, energy, ICT, R&D, reduces

costs and delays; Boosts trade, industrial development, harmonized regulatory policies, border and customs procedures

LLDCs to strengthen regional networks i.e. trade, transport, energy, ICT etc; develop relevant policies, participate in regional frameworks

Transit countries to invest in regional connectivity infrastructure, policies, Agreements, and TF initiatives;

Partners to support integration efforts, regional infrastructure development, best practices and capacity development.


20


Priority 5: Structural Economic Transformation Deals with diversification, productivity, SMEs, external

shocks, Science, Technology and Innovation, the Service Sector, Tourism, Manufacturing, agriculture, Global Value Chains, etc


(a)To increase value addition in the manufacturing and agricultural sectors,

(b)To increase economic and export diversification;

(c) To promote service-based growth, including from tourism

(d)To encourage the inflow of foreign direct investment in high-value added sectors.


21


Priority 5: Structural Economic Transformation

Actions LLDCs need policies and strategies; use technology;

industrial clusters, EPZs, SMEs growth; ratify International Think Tank

Partners to support efforts, financial and technology transfer, capacity development, share best practices; resilience building.


22


Priority 6: Means of Implementation Needs domestic and external, public and private

resources; philanthropy Support from South-South; and North-South;

International Organizations, UN System ODA, FDI, Aid-for-Trade, Remittances; Technology

transfer, technical-know how; Capacity-building, and policy-making; Legal instruments, Doha Round of Negotiations,

International Think Tank for LLDCs


23

The UN Office for Partnerships

International Organization to… International Organizations, Regional Development

Banks, World Bank, IMF, WTO, UN systems i.e. UNDP, UNCTAD, UN-OHRLLS, Regional Economic Commissions are to mainstream VPoA

To support country, regional, global mainstreaming, implementation, monitoring and review

Provide national, regional-level capacity development. Build national capacity for large-scale infrastructure

projects, financing mechanisms, PPPs


24


“At the national level, Governments are invited to mainstream the present Programme of Action into their national, and sectorial development strategies for its effective implementation” VPoA Paragraph 74

“Regional and sub-regional organizations including RECs, development banks, are to mainstream the implementation of VPoA into their relevant Programmes...” VPoA Paragraph 75

“...Organizations in the UN systems are invited to mainstream the implementation of VPoA into their programme of work...” VPoA Paragraph 76


25


UN-OHRLLS to… Ensure implementation, coordinated follow-up,

monitoring and reporting Coordinate national, regional and global review, along

with needed advocacy measures To develop indicators for measuring progress, in

collaboration with other stakeholders


26


Thank You

1 the vienna programme of action for landlocked developing countries gladys mutangadura senior...

Documents

efficient transit

transit costs

transit cargo

transit policy issuesfree

development partners

sea freedom of transit

landlocked countries

infrastructure development