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Technology In ActionTechnology In Action

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Technology In ActionTechnology In Action

Using the Internet: Making the Most of the Using the Internet: Making the Most of the Web’s ResourcesWeb’s Resources

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TopicsTopics

• Internet basicsInternet basics

• Internet dataInternet data

• Internet service providersInternet service providers

• Web browsersWeb browsers

• URLs URLs

• Hyperlinks Hyperlinks

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More TopicsMore Topics

• Search engines and subject directoriesSearch engines and subject directories

• Internet communicationsInternet communications

• E-commerceE-commerce

• Internet multimediaInternet multimedia

• The Internet’s futureThe Internet’s future

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The Internet: The BasicsThe Internet: The Basics

• Origin of the InternetOrigin of the Internet

• The Web vs. the InternetThe Web vs. the Internet

• Clients and serversClients and servers

• Connecting to the InternetConnecting to the Internet

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The Origin of the InternetThe Origin of the Internet• ARPANET:ARPANET:

– Advanced Research Projects Agency NetworkAdvanced Research Projects Agency Network– Funded by the US Government in the 1960sFunded by the US Government in the 1960s– Allowed computers at leading universities and research Allowed computers at leading universities and research

organizations to communicate with each other over great organizations to communicate with each other over great distancesdistances

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The Internet vs. The Web The Internet vs. The Web

• Internet – part of the system Internet – part of the system that is primarily hardware that is primarily hardware infrastructure infrastructure (telecommunications, routers, (telecommunications, routers, servers, disk drives, etcetera)servers, disk drives, etcetera)

• Web - part of the system that Web - part of the system that contains intellectual property contains intellectual property in many multimedia formats in many multimedia formats (test files, graphic files, sound (test files, graphic files, sound files, video files, etcetera): the files, video files, etcetera): the means to access the Internet.means to access the Internet.

INTERNET

WWW

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Client and ServerClient and Server

• Client computer:Client computer:– Users connect to the InternetUsers connect to the Internet– Request data and Web pagesRequest data and Web pages

• Server computersServer computers– Store Web pages and dataStore Web pages and data– Return the requested data to the clientReturn the requested data to the client

Server

Client

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Connecting to the InternetConnecting to the Internet

• Dial-up connections:Dial-up connections:– Uses standard telephone Uses standard telephone

lineline– Least costly connectionLeast costly connection– Requires a modemRequires a modem

• MoModulate: converts digital dulate: converts digital signals the computer can signals the computer can understand to analog understand to analog signals that can travel signals that can travel over the phone line.over the phone line.

• DemDemodulateodulate

– Slowest connection speed Slowest connection speed (56kbps)(56kbps)

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Broadband ConnectionsBroadband Connections

• Digital Subscriber LinesDigital Subscriber Lines– Faster than dial-up Faster than dial-up

• Upstream (16Kbps -640kbps)Upstream (16Kbps -640kbps)• Downstream (1.5 Mbps – 9 Mbps)Downstream (1.5 Mbps – 9 Mbps)• ADSL: asymmetrical DSLADSL: asymmetrical DSL• SDSL: same upload and download SDSL: same upload and download

speed.speed.

– Requires special DSL modemRequires special DSL modem

DSL modem

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Broadband ConnectionsBroadband Connections

• Cable:Cable:– Uses TV coaxial cableUses TV coaxial cable– Fast connection speed Fast connection speed

(300kbps – 4mbps)(300kbps – 4mbps)– Speed depends on number Speed depends on number

of usersof users– Not available in all areasNot available in all areas– Requires a cable modemRequires a cable modem

Coaxial cable

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Satellite ConnectionsSatellite Connections

• Uses a satellite dish Uses a satellite dish and coaxial cableand coaxial cable– Download speed Download speed

500kbps500kbps– Upload speed Upload speed

100kbps100kbps– Signal is affected by Signal is affected by

location and weatherlocation and weather

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Comparing Internet Connection OptionsComparing Internet Connection Options

Connection Option

Maximum Upload Data Transfer Rate (approximate)

Maximum Download Data Transfer Rate (approximate)

Dial-Up 56kbps 56kbps

DSL (ADSL)

300 kbps 1 Mbps

DSL (SDSL)

1.5mbps 1.5mbps

Cable 500 kbps 6 mbps

Satellite 100kbps 400kbps

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Internet Service ProvidersInternet Service Providers• ISP:ISP:

– Internet service providerInternet service provider– Provide user access to the Provide user access to the

InternetInternet– National, regional or local National, regional or local

companiescompanies

• OSP:OSP:– Online service providerOnline service provider– Provide online proprietary Provide online proprietary

content as well as Internet content as well as Internet accessaccess

– AOL, CompuServe, MSNAOL, CompuServe, MSN

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Choosing an ISPChoosing an ISP

• Factors to consider:Factors to consider:– Customer serviceCustomer service– Local access numbersLocal access numbers– E-mail options E-mail options – CostCost– Trial periodTrial period

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Navigating the Web: Web BrowsersNavigating the Web: Web Browsers

• Computer softwareComputer software

• GraphicalGraphical

• Enables Web Enables Web navigationnavigation

• Popular browsers:Popular browsers:– Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer– Netscape NavigatorNetscape Navigator– Mozilla (firefox)Mozilla (firefox)

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Browser ToolbarsBrowser Toolbars

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Getting Around the WebGetting Around the Web

• Web sitesWeb sites• URLsURLs• HyperlinksHyperlinks• Favorites and Favorites and

BookmarksBookmarks

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Web SitesWeb Sites

• Web site:Web site:– Collection of related Web pagesCollection of related Web pages– First page known as Home or Index pageFirst page known as Home or Index page

• Web page:Web page:– HTML documentHTML document

• Text and graphicsText and graphics

– Unique addressUnique address– Hyperlinks Hyperlinks

Home page

Related pages

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URLURL

• URL:URL:– Uniform Resource LocatorUniform Resource Locator– Unique Web page addressUnique Web page address

URL http://

Protocol identifies the means of access

www.nytimes.com/

Domain name contains the host and top-level domain

Pages/cartoons/

Path identifies the subdirectories

within the Web site

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Current Top-Level DomainsCurrent Top-Level Domains..aeroaero Members of the air transport industryMembers of the air transport industry.biz.biz BusinessesBusinesses.com.com Can be used by anyoneCan be used by anyone.coop.coop Cooperative associationsCooperative associations.edu.edu Degree granting institutionsDegree granting institutions.gov.gov United States governmentUnited States government.info.info Information service providersInformation service providers.mil.mil United States militaryUnited States military..museum museum MuseumsMuseums..name name IndividualsIndividuals.net.net Networking organizationsNetworking organizations.org.org Organizations (often nonprofits)Organizations (often nonprofits).pro .pro Credentialed professionalsCredentialed professionals

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Hyperlinks Hyperlinks

• Provide access to Provide access to other Web pagesother Web pages

• Specially coded text Specially coded text or graphicsor graphics

• Cursor becomes a Cursor becomes a hand with finger hand with finger pointing upwardpointing upward

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Favorites and BookmarksFavorites and Bookmarks

• List created of favorite List created of favorite Web pagesWeb pages

• Easy method of returning Easy method of returning to Web pagesto Web pages

• Internet Explorer uses Internet Explorer uses FavoritesFavorites

• Netscape uses Netscape uses BookmarksBookmarks

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Tabbed BrowsingTabbed Browsing

• Found on Firefox and Safari browsers. Found on Firefox and Safari browsers. – Not available on Internet ExplorerNot available on Internet Explorer

• Multiple pages in same browser windowMultiple pages in same browser window

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Search EnginesSearch Engines

• User keys word or User keys word or phrase in search boxphrase in search box

• ““Spider” or “Web Spider” or “Web Crawler” program Crawler” program scans web pagesscans web pages

• Results are indexed Results are indexed and sent to the clientand sent to the client

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Subject DirectoriesSubject Directories

• Web pages Web pages organized by topics organized by topics and subtopicsand subtopics

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Evaluating Web SitesEvaluating Web Sites

• Who is the author of the article or Web site Who is the author of the article or Web site sponsor?sponsor?

• What audience is the site geared toward?What audience is the site geared toward?

• Is the site biased?Is the site biased?

• Is the information current?Is the information current?

• Are links available?Are links available?

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Communicating Through Communicating Through the Internetthe Internet

• E-mailE-mail

• WeblogsWeblogs

• Chat roomsChat rooms

• Instant messagingInstant messaging

• Newsgroups Newsgroups

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E-mailE-mail

• Electronic mailElectronic mail• Primary means Primary means

of of communicationcommunication

• E-mail accountsE-mail accounts– Client-basedClient-based– Web-basedWeb-based

• Spam Spam – Prevention Prevention

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Weblogs Weblogs

• Known as blogsKnown as blogs• Personal logs or journal entries posted on the Personal logs or journal entries posted on the

WebWeb• Available to the publicAvailable to the public

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Chat RoomsChat Rooms

• Real time text based conversationsReal time text based conversations• Rooms focus on specific topics or interestsRooms focus on specific topics or interests• Identity protectionIdentity protection

– Username Username

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Instant MessagingInstant Messaging

• Real time text based Real time text based conversationsconversations

• Set up a list of contactsSet up a list of contacts– Buddy listBuddy list

• Contacts must be onlineContacts must be online• IM software detects IM software detects

presence presence • Example: AOL Instant Example: AOL Instant

MessengerMessenger

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Newsgroups Newsgroups

• Online discussion forumsOnline discussion forums

• Post and reply to messagesPost and reply to messages

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Online AnnoyancesOnline Annoyances

• Spam – electronic junk mailSpam – electronic junk mail

• Pop-ups – intrusive advertisingPop-ups – intrusive advertising

• Cookies – tracking user’s browsing habitsCookies – tracking user’s browsing habits

• Spyware – Programs that collect data from Spyware – Programs that collect data from a user’s computera user’s computer

• Phishing and Hoaxes – Ruses to fool and Phishing and Hoaxes – Ruses to fool and maybe steal from users.maybe steal from users.

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SpamSpam

• Junk E-MailJunk E-Mail

• Spam filtersSpam filters

• Anti-spam Anti-spam practicespractices

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Pop-upsPop-ups

• Usually advertisingUsually advertising• Pop-up automaticallyPop-up automatically• Pop-up blockers Pop-up blockers

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Cookies Cookies

• Text files stored on client Text files stored on client computers when visiting computers when visiting Web sitesWeb sites

• Used on return visits to Used on return visits to Web sitesWeb sites

• Unique ID numberUnique ID number• Personal information Personal information

rememberedremembered• Privacy riskPrivacy risk

– Selling informationSelling information

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SpywareSpyware

• Added as a program Added as a program piggybacked with a piggybacked with a requested programrequested program

• Gathers information, Gathers information, usually about surfing usually about surfing habitshabits

• Anti-virus software Anti-virus software doesn’t detect itdoesn’t detect it

• Anti-spyware Anti-spyware programs are programs are requiredrequired

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Phishing and HoaxesPhishing and Hoaxes

• Phishing is a phony communicationPhishing is a phony communication

• Attempts to scam someone into sending Attempts to scam someone into sending vital informationvital information

• Hoaxes are attempts to scam people into Hoaxes are attempts to scam people into sending money, or join a chain letter.sending money, or join a chain letter.

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Conducting Business Conducting Business Over the InternetOver the Internet

• E-Commerce:E-Commerce:– Electronic commerceElectronic commerce– Business-to-consumer (B2C)Business-to-consumer (B2C)– Business-to-business (B2B)Business-to-business (B2B)– Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)– Secure transactionsSecure transactions

Manufacturer

Suppliers

Retailer

B2BE-commerce

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Web EntertainmentWeb Entertainment

• Multimedia:Multimedia:– Involves forms of media Involves forms of media

and textand text• GraphicsGraphics• AudioAudio• VideoVideo

– Streaming audio and video: Streaming audio and video: deliver on-demand pictures deliver on-demand pictures and sounds without and sounds without downloading the whole file.downloading the whole file.

– Plug-in: built-in program Plug-in: built-in program and automatically loadsand automatically loads

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Future of the InternetFuture of the Internet• Large Scale Networking Large Scale Networking

(LSN):(LSN):– Research and development of Research and development of

cutting-edge networking and cutting-edge networking and wireless technologieswireless technologies

• Internet2:Internet2:– Project sponsored by Project sponsored by

universities, government, and universities, government, and industry to develop new industry to develop new Internet technologiesInternet technologies

– Internet2 backbone supports Internet2 backbone supports transmission speeds of 10 transmission speeds of 10 GbpsGbps

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Summary QuestionSummary Question

• What is the origin of the Internet? What is the origin of the Internet?

• How does data travel on the Internet?How does data travel on the Internet?

• What are my options for connecting to the What are my options for connecting to the Internet?Internet?

• How do I choose an Internet service How do I choose an Internet service provider?provider?

• What is a Web browser?What is a Web browser?

• What is a URL and what are its parts?What is a URL and what are its parts?

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• How can I use hyperlinks and other tools to How can I use hyperlinks and other tools to get around the Web?get around the Web?

• How do I search the Internet using search How do I search the Internet using search engines and subject directories?engines and subject directories?

• How can I communicate through the How can I communicate through the Internet?Internet?

• What are the various kinds of Multimedia?What are the various kinds of Multimedia?

• What does the Internet of the future look What does the Internet of the future look like?like?

Summary Question Summary Question