• 1st / 2nd Estate (Church/Nobles) - no taxes• 3rd Estate (Peasants/Bourgeoisie) - all the

taxes

Ancien Regime

King Louis XVIKing Louis XVI

–Burden of Debt–Poor Harvest–Failure to Reform

Bankers forced Louis to hire Jacque NeckerBankers forced Louis to hire Jacque Necker

Then Louis fires himThen Louis fires him

• Promised new Constitution Promised new Constitution

King Louis XVIKing Louis XVI

• Promised new Constitution

• Louis call the Estates GeneralEstates General– Called for political purposes– Nothing changes…

King Louis XVIKing Louis XVI

NATIONAL ASSEMBLYNATIONAL ASSEMBLYis formed by the third estate

King Louis XVIKing Louis XVI

Tennis Court OathTennis Court Oath Third Estate – swears to ‘Never Separate’Third Estate – swears to ‘Never Separate’

Louis Locks the doors and puts guards in front of Door on

National AssemblyNational Assembly

Storming of the Bastille

•Rumors of Military supplies in Prison walls

“is it a revolt?”

“No, Sir. It is a Revolution.”

French National DayJuly 14, 1790

French Independence Day

Marquis de LafayetteMarquis de Lafayette• Heads the National Guard

• Red, White, and Blue Badge

French Revolution

French Revolution

Declaration of Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizenthe Rights of Man and CitizenJohn Locke’s “Natural Rights”John Locke’s “Natural Rights”

• Born free and equal in rights

• Every Frenchman has right to hold office…“…with no distinction other than that of their virtues and talents.”

• Natural Rights:– Liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression

• Freedom of Religion

• Taxes based on …”ability to pay.”

• “Woman is born free…”

Constitutional Monarchy

Today in the U.S.Today in the U.S.the power and danger of Propaganda and misinformation

Who pays the most taxes?

The Rich?

Middle Class?

Poor?

What income group pays the most federal income taxes today?

Treasury Department

•The top 1 percent of the population

earn 19+ per cent of the income

pays 37 percent of the income tax.

•The top 10 percent

pays 68+ percent of the nation’s income tax

•the bottom 50 percent

pay just 3 percent of the taxes.

+ does not include Social Security taxes

Queen Marie AntoinetteQueen Marie Antoinettelives a very lavish life style

Misinformation:

““Let them eat Cake”Let them eat Cake”

Women March on VersaillesWomen March on Versaillesfamilies are hungry and they want food (mini-ice age)

King and family taken back to Paris

King of Prussia

Emperor of Austria(MARIE ANTOINETTE’S BROTHER)

• Declaration of PilnitzDeclaration of Pilnitz– “If you touch the Queen…”

Louis, Marie, and family Louis, Marie, and family

try to escape to Austriatry to escape to Austria

Recognized and captured

Louis seen as a “Traitor” to the Revolution

Monarchy is Abolished !Monarchy is Abolished !

Frenchmen, I die innocent. Frenchmen, I die innocent.

I pardon the authors of my death.”I pardon the authors of my death.”

France Declares France Declares “War on Tyranny”“War on Tyranny”

JacobinsJacobins very violent piece of Revolution

The Jacobin Club The Jacobin Club implemented implemented

the Reign of Terrorthe Reign of Terror

To this day, the terms Jacobin and To this day, the terms Jacobin and Jacobinism are used as pejoratives for Jacobinism are used as pejoratives for radical, left-wing revolutionary politicsradical, left-wing revolutionary politics

Sans-Culottes wanted popular democracy, social and economic equality,

affordable food, rejection of the free-market economy,

and violence against counter-revolutionaries.

Committee of Public Safety

Maximilien RobespierreMaximilien RobespierreParticipated in writing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen – the foundation of the French constitution.

Argued for the execution of the king Argued for the execution of the king and continued to encourage the crowds to rise upagainst the aristocracy

Outlawed the Christian Church in FranceOutlawed the Christian Church in FranceThe Cult of the Supreme Being was a form of deism It was intended to become the state religion of the new French Republic.

Committee of Public Safety

Maximilien RobespierreMaximilien Robespierre

REIGN OF TERRORREIGN OF TERROR“Liberty cannot be secured,unless criminals lose their heads”

Committee of Public Safety

Maximilien RobespierreMaximilien RobespierreREIGN OF TERRORREIGN OF TERROR“Liberty cannot be secured,unless criminals lose their heads”

Crush All opposition to the RevolutionCrush All opposition to the Revolution40,000 die in one year

Out of fear, committeeOut of fear, committee

turns on Robespierreturns on Robespierre

Maximilien RobespierreMaximilien Robespierre

In 1799, a military coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the Directory and established him as first consul, with dictatorial powers. In 1804, Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor of France.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8K1CzqG-jrI