#1

Sam Houston

•1st Governor of Texas

•1st & 3rd President of Texas

•Leaders of Texas Army during Texas Revolution (always

wanted troops to fight with honor and courage).

•Lost Governor role when Texas seceded.

#2

George Childress

•Author of Texas Declaration of Independence.

#3

Santa Anna

•General of Mexican Army

•Lied to become President of Mexico (said he was

centralist but was a nationalist)

•Show no mercy!

•Led the Mexican Army during the rebellion at

Fredonia.

#4

Stephen F. Austin

•1st Emprasario of Texas

•Was the first to bring many settlers to Texas

to fulfill his fathers dream.

•Wrote detailed descriptions of Texas prior to conflicts

with Mexico.

#5

13th Amendmen

t

Gave slaves their

Freedom

“Free”

#6

14th Amendmen

t

Granted citizenship to former slaves

and set up guidelines for future citizens

“Citizens”

#7

15th Amendme

nt

Granted male citizens the right to vote regardless of

race.

“Vote”

#8

Freedmen

Former slaves who have been granted their freedom after the Civil War.

#9

Abraham Lincoln

President of the United States of America

during the Civil War.

Issued the Emancipation Proclamation

#10

Jefferson Davis

President of the

Confederate States of America

during the Civil War.

#11

Ulysses S. Grant

General of the Union troops.

#12

Robert E. Lee

General of the Confederate

troops.

Surrendered to Grant at

Appomattox Court House.

#13

Jim Crowe Laws

* Also known as ‘Black Codes’.

• Laws limiting the rights of African Americans passed during Reconstruction by the South.

• Assigned African Americans to second-class status.

• Marriages between Whites and African Americans was outlawed.

• African American had to use separate public transportation.

#14

Appomattox Court House

Site where Lee surrendered to

Grant to end the Civil War –

confederates lost.

#15

City of Cibola

Seven Cities of GoldCity of Cibola – an entire city made of gold. There was no city of gold saw the shiny roofs of the adobe homes when the sun hit them just right

#16

Tejanos

Individuals who moved to Texas from the

United States

#17

Catholic Missions

• First Missions began in late 1600’s.First Missions began in late 1600’s.• Taught Native’s to be loyal subjects

of Spain• Hoped Native’s would become good

laborers & make Spain more money• El Patronato Real

– A group of priests were given the task of running the TX missions

– Catholic church provided priests for the mission & the Spanish gov’t provided the funds

• Spain and the Catholic church were expected to support each other

#18

7 Principles of

Government

• Popular Sovereignty – people rule

• Republicanism - Power is held by the people and exercised through the efforts of representatives elected by those people.

• Limited Government - Limited government means that neither the government nor any government official is “above the law” and can overstep these constitutional bounds.

• Separation of Powers – The Constitution assigns specific powers to each of the three branches: Legislative (Congress), Executive (President) and Judicial (Supreme Court).

• Checks and Balances - Each branch of government has the built-in authority and responsibility to restrain the power of the other two branches. This system makes government less efficient, but also prevents tyranny by one branch.

• Federalism – A federal system divides power between a central government and smaller, local governments. (states)

• Individual Rights - John Locke proposed that we have certain rights that we are born with (they cannot be taken away from us). These rights should be guaranteed and protected by the government and from the government (Bill of Rights)

#19

Battle of San Jacinto

• Days before the Battle of San Jacinto, Sam Houston was said to have had an estimated 1,000 soldiers.

• It would be tough to say that even a half of these soldiers were trained military men.

• The majority of his soldiers were volunteers who knew a whole lot about farming, and very little about war.

• Houston ordered his troops to attack at 3:30 the afternoon of April 21st.

• The Mexican troops were all for the most part resting, watering horses, or eating.

• Houston’s troops enter the camp virtually unnoticed.

• Houston’s troops enter the camp virtually unnoticed.

• Santa Anna surprised by the attack, seeing defeat in sight attempts to escape capture.

• He makes a soldier switch clothes with him, and tries to run for it.

• He is caught later in the evening hiding in the tall grass of a field, a Mexican soldier calls him out and he is brought in to custody.

#20

4 Regions of Texas

#21

Law of April 6, 1860

• Purpose was to control Texas colonists.• Outlawed immigration from the U.S. to Texas

and canceled all empresarial grants that had not been fulfilled.

• The United State could no longer colonize any Mexican border state

• This law also included other provisions designed to slow Anglo American immigration:– Slaves could no longer be brought in work the fields– New forts and presidios were built to stop illegal

immigration– A customs duty was placed on all goods entering

Texas from the U.S.

• The government encouraged Mexican and European settlers to relocate to Texas-the law of April 6, 1830 even provided land and money for these settlers.

• This law upset and alarmed Anglo Texans.• The law also raised questions within the

Mexican government.• Increased the tensions between Texas

and the Mexican government.

#22

Texas Secession

3. States’ rights3. States’ rights

4. Election of 18604. Election of 1860

5. Secession5. Secession

United States Law

2. Slavery2. Slavery

SouthNorth1.Sectionalism1.Sectionalism

• One of 11 states to secede.

• Secession led to the Civil War.

• Texas joined the Confederate States of America.

#23

Massacre at Goliad

• Colonel James W. Fannin led about 300 revolutionaries in another part of Texas while the battle at the Alamo raged on.

• Travis wanted him to come to San Antonio with reinforcements, but he never made it.

• On his way there, Mexico’s General Urrea was too close and Sam Houston ordered a retreat. Fannin’s troops

never made it…..

• They stopped in a field near Coleta Creek to rest and were surrounded by Urrea’s troops.

• After two days of fighting, Fannin surrendered.

• All the captives thought they would be returned to the US – instead, they were marched to Goliad where Santa Anna ordered that they all be executed!

• Texans now REALLY wanted to defeat

Mexico!

#24

4 Main events of the

Texas Revolution

•1st Texas fought at the Battle of Gonzales

•2nd was the Fall of the Alamo

•3rd was the Massacre at Goliad

•4th was the Battle of San Jacinto

#25

Texas Constitution

Post Civil War

• Constitution of 1876– Stripped the governor and

legislature of as much power as possible.

– Legislature can meet only every other year.

– This constitution limits the ability of the legislature to make changes in government services and powers except by an amendment.

– It has been amended 467 times as of today. Adopted on February 15, 1876 and is still the constitution we use today.

• Texas was admitted back into the Union on March 8, 1870, after TX ratified the 14th and 15th amendments.

#26

Bill of Rights

(first 10 Amendment

s)

• 1st Amendment:

Freedom of Religion, speech, press, petition, and assemble

2nd Amendment:Right to Bear Arms

3rd Amendment:No Quartering Troops (No Soldiers

in my House!)

4th Amendment:No unreasonable search &

seizure

5th Amendment:Due Process(Miranda Rights)(Double Jeopardy)(Do not have to incriminate

yourself!)

• 6th Amendment:

Right to a speedy trial

7th Amendment:Right to a trial by Jury

8th Amendment:No cruel or unusual

punishment

9th Amendment: Rights given to the people will not

be used to take away the rights of others (right to privacy)

10th Amendment:States Rights(Education)(Marriage)

#27

Cotton Clads

Confederate General Magruder launched an attack to retake the island on January 1, 1863.

Soldiers sailed to the island on cottonclads, or flatbottom boats lined with cotton bales to protect the soldiers from bullets.

#28

Spanish Missions in

Texas

Positive Effects of Missions:

1. Gave people shelter and food.

2. Educated Native Americans.

3. Brought religion to some.

Negative Effects of Missions

1. Some felt imprisoned by them.

2. Diseases were brought in by the missionaries, killing many natives.

#29

Texas and its Countries

Texas started out as a colony of Spain.

• Mexico won its independence from Spain and Texas became a colony of Mexico.

• Texas fought for independence from Mexico and won, becoming a Republic.

• Texas then joined the United States of America.

#30

What are the Native

American Tribes from

Texas?