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Revision part 2Revision part 2

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What did we study?What did we study?

1. Economic activity – about job types2. Why are factories where they are? 3. Why are there so many new Factories in South Korea?4. What is appropriate technology?5. Why did industry in South Wales grow and then die? (this is the one I won’t be going into!)

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How can we classify jobs – How can we classify jobs – why are the pictures in this order?why are the pictures in this order?

If you are bit unsure of how to sort these – see the dustbin game on the wiki for Year 7

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Changing employment in BritainChanging employment in Britain1800

primary75%

tertiary10%

secondary15%

primary secondary tertiary

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Different countries at different Different countries at different stagesstages

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IGCSE examination markingIGCSE examination markingOn longer non-factual questions

(the what is this? Type of question)E.g. Looking at the pie chart of Burma’s economic activity, explain the significance of its level of primary activityMarking is ‘levelled’ – Level 1 answer: Burma has 70% primary which means that 70% of the people are working on the landLevel 2 answer: Burma has 70% primary which means that 70% of the people are working on the land. This shows farming takes a lot of people to do it and so there cannot be many machines.Level 3 answer: Burma has 70% primary which means that 70% of the people are working on the land. This shows farming takes a lot of people to do it and so there cannot be many machines. From this we can tell Burma is not well developed as they do not have the money to invest in machinery.That last answer is known as a ‘developed answer’

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You may remember thisYou may remember this

This is some the things you need to think about when siting industry.Depending on the type of industry, some are more important than others and some don’t count at all

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Newly industrialised CountriesNewly industrialised Countries

Are those like China, India and Brazil that have turned from being mostly primary producers (farmers and other raw material producers) the secondary producers of manufactured goods over the past 40 years. The 4 in the Far East who have done it quickest are known as Tiger EconomiesThese are Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and TaiwanThe best of all is South Korea which has just about caught up with Europe in about 20 years.

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The causes of S Korea’s growthThe causes of S Korea’s growthHaving decided that they would never make it if they stayed as a primary producer, the government did several things:

They invested the big steel works at Pohang Iron and Steel corporation They encouraged foreign investment e.g. from the USA with tax breaks and loansThey created a market for their own goods by imposing high import taxes on those items from other countries. They instituted a high quality education program that means that their children are among the best in the world at maths and scienceThey developed their own research and development of hi-tech goodsThey provided a dedicated and substantial workforce that were used to low wages, low taxes that was willing to work long hours.

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So among South Korea’ So among South Korea’ achievements are …achievements are …

… becoming the world's largest shipbuilder, the world's fifth largest carmaker, and has created major global multinationals (TNCs) such as Samsung, LG and Hyundai-Kia.Consequences - The advantages

More jobs were available, helping to reduce unemployment The rise in income has made more money available and therefore a bigger market for its own goods.More money was also available for leisure time (greater disposable income), resulting in a growth in the countries service sector.More money was invested in the infrastructure, improving road networks and airportsSouth Korea became the leading producer of shipbuilding (due to low labour costs / modern ship building yards)The South Korean car industry flourished, with companies such as Hyndai and Kia linking with industries in the USA / Japan and the companies have also invested in LEDC countries.

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Consequences – the Disadvantages to S Consequences – the Disadvantages to S KoreaKorea

SOCIAL PROBLEMSUnequal pay (women and immigrants paid only 50-75% the wages paid to men), sweat shop working conditions for some and an increase in child labourWorking very long hours (an average of 52 hours a week)Increased rural-urban migration (the most innovative began moving away from the countryside into the nearby cities for work)

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Consequences – the Disadvantages to S Consequences – the Disadvantages to S KoreaKoreaENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

noise, air and water pollution increased due to the rapid industrialisationthe increase in factories led to smog over citiesincreased traffic volumes led to taxes on road use in the capital, Seoulin some areas which experienced an increase in population, services such as sewage treatment were not able to copeNot all building and development was to a high standardECONOMIC PROBLEMSWhen there was a downturn in World Trade in 1997, many S Korean banks faced huge debts / bankruptcy.They are again faced with an industrial slowdown, as the US and Europe cut back on imports – this is major danger for any country that is highly dependent on exports.