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Properties of Matter

General Properties of Matter

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Matter is anything that has mass and volume

Everything is made of matter

What are properties?

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Characteristics used to describe an object

Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness

I. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter

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A. Physical Properties(there’s no change in the composition)

Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture, hardness, sonorosity

(sound), luster (shiny), solubility, porosity(can absorb), BP,MP,FP,

Elasticity – ability of a material to be stretched.

Flexibility – ability of a material to be bent.

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Malleability – ability of a material to be hammered into thin sheets

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Ductility – ability of a material to be turned into a thin wire.

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Hardness – ability of a material to be hardly broken.

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Brittleness – ability of a matter to be easily broken.

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Viscosity

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The resistance of a liquid to flow

The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily

the greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid moves

Conductivity- materials ability to allow heat to flow. Ex. metal vs. wood

I. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter

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B. Chemical Properties (there’s a change in the composition)

Ex: combustibility (combustion/burning)

oxidation decomposition

II. General Properties of matter

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Possessed by all types of matter.

Mass, weight, volume, density and Impenetrability

What is mass?

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Mass is the amount of matter in an object

Mass is constant.The metric unit for mass is grams (g)

Kg, g, lbsPlatform balance, weighing scale

Weight

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The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object

Weight changes with gravity

The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

Weight formula

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1 kg = 2.2 poundsWeight is mass times acceleration due to

gravity (9.8 m/s2) W= m x aWhat is your mass? What is your weight in Newtons?

What is gravity?

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The force of attraction between objects is gravity

All objects exert a gravitational force on each other

Question

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Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?

Gravitational pull

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The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force

What affects gravity?

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The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases

gravity depends on mass and distance

Gravity

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The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh

Question

2222

Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?

VolumeThe amount of space taken up by an object.

Regularly-shaped solid v= l x w x h

Irregularly shaped solid – using displacement method

Liquid – using a graduated cylinder/beaker2323

DensityIt is a measure of compactness of how much mass is tightly squeezed into a given volume.

Is the ratio of mass and volume in an object.

D= m/vg/ml or g/cm3

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Density

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The density of water is 1.0 g/ml

Objects with densities greater than 1.0 g/ml will sink in water

Density

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Objects with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water

Ice

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Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water

Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed

Astronomy fact!

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The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!

Calculations

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If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?

Calculation

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If 96.5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm3, what is the density of aluminum?

Calculation

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If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?

What is specific gravity?

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A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter

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Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion

Question

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How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another?

GAS LAWS

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Gas laws

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Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume

Charles Law

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Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure)

Charles’ Law

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As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases

Heating air causes it to expand

Question

3939

How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?

Pressure

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The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area

Boyle’s Law

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Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature)

Boyle’s law

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If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law)

The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure

Plasma

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Plasma (phase) most common phase in the universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars)

Question

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What are the four phases of matter?

Describe the plasma phase of matter.

Phase changes (video)

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Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation

What is a physical change?

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Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties

Type of matter remains the same

Questions

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Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).

Physical changes

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Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change

Melting video

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Phase change from a solid to a liquid

Melting point

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Temperature in which a solid changes to a liquid

Physical property

Questions

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How is melting different from freezing?

Phase changes (video)

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Involve a change in volume, but mass remains constant

Adding or removing energy from matter results in phase changes

Vaporization

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Phase change from a liquid to a gas

Boiling point (video)

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The temperature in which a liquid boils

Point at which a liquid changes to a gas

Freezing (video)

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Phase change of a liquid to a solid

The temperature in which this occurs is the freezing point

Condensation

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Condensation is the phase change from a gas to a liquid

Sublimation is a phase change from solid to a gas

Question

5757

Describe a difference between condensation and vaporization.

Sublimation examples

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Dry ice and iodine are examples solids that undergo sublimation

Chemical properties

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Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties

Ex: flammability

Chemical changes

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The change of a substance into a new and different substance

Also known as a chemical reaction

video

Questions

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What is another name for a chemical change?

Describe sublimation.How is a chemical change different from a physical change?