1 promoting science and research for developing innovations and entrepreneurs ogada tom wipo...
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Promoting Science and Promoting Science and Research for developing Research for developing
Innovations and Innovations and EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs
OGADA TomOGADA Tom
WIPO National Roving WIPO National Roving Workshops on Intellectual Workshops on Intellectual
Property Strategy, Nampula, Property Strategy, Nampula, February 9-10, 2006February 9-10, 2006
22
CONTENTS OF THE CONTENTS OF THE PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION
Stages for technological development
Constraints for promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurs through S&T
Innovation and Inventions Support Systems
Examples of success from outside Africa
Conclusions
33
• Six Stages for technological development
44
Stage One
Local Manpower
Have simple skills like driving and assembly work
Supervisory work done by expatriated
Universities and R&D institutions Universities few and
concentrate on humanities R&D institution non-existence
University –Industry Linkages Linkages Not existing TTr and commercialization of
R&D not practiced
Concept of Intellectual Property Not known in universities and
R&D institutions
55
Stage Two
Local Manpower
Train on supervision
Expatriate do general management
Universities and R&D institutions Universities start teaching
science and technology using expatriate lecturers
Locals sent abroad to acquire high level training in science and technology to built capacity for university and R&D research
University –Industry Linkages Linkages Not existing and TT of
R&D not practiced
Concept of Intellectual Property Not known in universities and
R&D institutions
66
Stage Three
Local Manpower
Local capacity developed for Svience, engineering and technology
Universities and R&D institutions
Locals start teaching and doing research in universities and R&D institutions
Bulk of research is funded from abroad and meets the research needs of foreign sponsors
University –Industry Linkages
Linkages and TT weak
Concept of Intellectual Property Little attention given to IP
77
Stage Four
Local Manpower
Local capacity in science, engineering and technology developed
Technologies developed elsewhere is being adapted to local conditions
Technologies developed
Universities and R&D institutions
Researchers start addressing local problems
University –Industry Linkages
Linkages start coming up
Concept of Intellectual Property
IP embraced and annual reports include IP generated and registered
88
Stage Five
Local ManpowerLocal capacity in to produce machines using local materials and suitable for local conditions
Universities and R&D institutionsLocal Scienstists and Researchers involved in applied and demand driven research
University –Industry LinkagesLinkages strong
Concept of Intellectual PropertyIP integrated in to the research culture of the university and R&D institution
99
Stage Six
Local Manpower
Local capacity available to produce machines which produce machines
Universities and R&D institutions
High level research
University –Industry Linkages R&D institutions produce
industries
Concept of Intellectual Property
IP integrated in to the research culture of the university and R&D institution
1010
• Current Characteristics of
Universities and R&D Institutions
1111
Current Characteristics of Current Characteristics of Universities and R&D Universities and R&D
InstitutionsInstitutions
Positive
There is adequate capacity for STI
Our own are involved in teaching and research at universities and R&D institutions
1212
Current Characteristics of Current Characteristics of Universities and R&D Universities and R&D
InstitutionsInstitutionsNegative
The contribution of universities and R&D institutions on economic development has remained poor
R&D are expensive investment and the society expect a return on the investment. Yet our findings remain gathering dusts in the shelf
Likages with industries has remained weak, yet experience from abroad shows that it is only through technology transfer that viable linkages can be sustained
1313
• Constraints of Promoting Innovation
and Entrepreneurs through Science and
Research
1414
Constraints from the Constraints from the IndustryIndustry
Limited contract and sponsored research from the industry
Industry see universities as theoretical
Industry see universities as difficult to deal with due to
Bureaucracy Inability to meet deadlines Inability to produce reports Lack of accountability and responsibility
Industry does not know of the capability of universities and R&D institutions
1515
Constraints from the Constraints from the Universities and R&D Universities and R&D
InstitutionsInstitutions
No mechanisms for dealing with industry
Prefer non-commercial partnership which depends on the goodwill of the industry
Lack skill for managing the generation, protection and commercial exploitation of R&D
Slow in decision making
1616
Constraints from the Constraints from the ResearcherResearcher
– Researchers do not have business skills required to convert their R&D findings into products
– The process of commercialization require business. Marketing, legal , Negotiation and other skills which are not found in a researchers
1717
• Support Systems for Promoting Innovation
and Entrepreneurs out of R&D activities
1818
Support SystemsSupport Systems
Business Incubation Systems
Technology Transfer Centers
University Based Companies
Industry or science Parks
1919
Business IncubatorBusiness Incubator
Coaches new business and provide support until maturity
Provides the following services
Developing business plansMarketing servicesFinancial servicesLegal ServicesOperating premises
2020
Technology Transfer Technology Transfer OfficesOffices
Obtained 66 Articles (1999-2004)
Links R&D institution with industry Manages the process of generation, protection and commercialization of R&D results Undertake technology licensing
2121
Technology ParksTechnology Parks
Connects researchers with investors Pilots new technologies Generates companies through spin-offsAttract contract and sponsored research
2222
University Based University Based CompaniesCompanies
Connects researchers with investors Pilots new technologies Generates companies through spin-offsAttract contract and sponsored researchPromotes consultancy and shortcourses
2323
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
Germany
USA
Sweden
Mexico
Venezuela
Korea
India
Kenya
2424
GERMANYGERMANY
Research ContractsUniversity of Aachen
32 000 students800 employees based on CR
Technology Transfer CentersSteinbeis Foundation
405 TTC20 000 SMEs82 million Euro generated
Business Incubation ServicesAachen Business Incubator
85 COMPANIES COACHEDSUCCESS RATE 80%Graduation in three years
2525
SWEDENSWEDEN
Technology or Science Park
Assist researchers to commercialize innovation
Trains researchers on entrepreneurship and Innovation
Supports high tech spin off companies
Acts as business incubator
Chalmers University of Technology
Lack IP awareness by court 240 spin off companies in 30 years
2626
USAUSA
TTO within the university important
Pressure on R&D to justify investment
US AUTM reports a total of 3765 license agreements based on technology transfer
Some US $ 1.26 billion earned in 2000 earned by universities
2727
MEXICOMEXICO
Over 100 universities
140 technological institutions
Industries Collaborate with universities and R&D institutions in producing paten table products
2828
VENEZUALAVENEZUALA
Simon Bolivar University has a company which links industry and the university.
Through the company, the university earned US$ 4 million in 2000
2929
KoreaKorea
Has an euivalent of siloc valley
KAIST has a business incubatorTechnology Licensing Office
3030
IndiaIndia
Indian Institute of Technology has a Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer
Organizes entrepreneurship training
Promote contract research
Promote consultancy and short courses
3131
KENYAKENYA
Three out of the six universities have companies