1. pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis
Andrew J. Marshall
Kuliah Lapanagan Taman Nasional Gunung Palung
23 May-3 Juni 2016
![Page 2: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis
1. Fakta-fakta dasar
2. Tipe hutan di TNGP
![Page 4: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis
>1. Fakta-fakta dasar
2. Tipe hutan di TNGP
![Page 5: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ukiran dari Flora Brasiliensis von Martius 1840
![Page 6: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
halaman depan dari A. R. Wallace’s The Malay Archipelago
![Page 9: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
cauliflory
![Page 10: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
cauliflory
![Page 11: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
geocarpic figs
Ficus sect. Sycocarpus
![Page 12: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nepenthes spp.
Narrow-lidded pitcher plant (Nepenthes ampullaria)
Slender pitcher plant (Nepenthes gracilis)
Nepenthes gracilis
![Page 14: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Labah-labah kepiting, Misumenops nepenthicola, dalam Nepenthes rafflesiana
![Page 15: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Kepiting, Geosesarma perracae, dalam kantong semar
Tan & Ng 2008
Geosesarma perracae
![Page 16: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bulbophyllum cimicinum
![Page 17: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
panjangnya ~ 50 cm
![Page 18: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fakta-fakta dasar
![Page 19: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1. Komunitas tumbuhan sangat tergantung hujan dan suhu
![Page 20: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
jumlah hujan (mm)
1000
2000
3000
4000
suhu rata (ºC)
25 15 5 -5 -15
![Page 21: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Pola penyebaran hutan tropisPola penyebaran hutan tropis
23.5� N s/d 23.5� S; Suhu: 20-25� C; Curah hujan: �2,000 mm.
![Page 22: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Hutan di CambodiaHutan di Cambodia
(kurang hujan)
![Page 23: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Hutan di InggerisHutan di Inggeris
berapa jenis pohon?
![Page 24: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
2. Keanekaragaman hayati sangat tinggi di hutan tropis
![Page 26: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Pola penyebaran keanekaragaman hayatitumbuhan
Pola penyebaran keanekaragaman hayati tumbuhan
![Page 27: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Hoffmann et al. 2010 Science
35
Fig S4. Global patterns of vertebrate diversity, for land (terrestrial and freshwater, in brown) and marine (in blue) vertebrates. (A) Total number of species. (B) Residuals of the relationship between total number of species and total number of Threatened species per cell, where positive values (red) represent cells with higher threat than expected for their richness alone, and negative values (gray) represent cells with equal or lower threat than expected for richness alone. (C) Data Deficient species.
Vertebrate species richness
152
306498
7651655
Terrestrial
Marine
44
75116179321
Pola penyebaran keanekaragaman hayati vertebrat
![Page 28: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Jenis ‘baru’
Thottea palungensis
Jenis ‘baru’
Thottea palungensis
![Page 30: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Jenis ‘baru’
Hoya
Jenis ‘baru’
Hoya
![Page 31: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Jamur2
Tidak pernah diteliti!
Jamur-jamur
Tidak pernah diteliti!
![Page 32: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
3. Tanah di hutan tropics sangat kurang subur
![Page 33: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Temperate deciduous forest Coniferous forest Grassland
DesertTopical rain forest
![Page 34: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
hutan hujan Amazon
![Page 35: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
4. Sisa hutan tropis di dunia semakin sedikit
![Page 37: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
kehilangan hutan tropis
> 0.5% kehilangan per tahun > 0.5% tambahan per tahun perubahan < 0.5% per tahun
![Page 38: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
35
Fig S4. Global patterns of vertebrate diversity, for land (terrestrial and freshwater, in brown) and marine (in blue) vertebrates. (A) Total number of species. (B) Residuals of the relationship between total number of species and total number of Threatened species per cell, where positive values (red) represent cells with higher threat than expected for their richness alone, and negative values (gray) represent cells with equal or lower threat than expected for richness alone. (C) Data Deficient species.
Number of threatened vertebrate species (controlling for species richness)
-21
-416
3496
Terrestrial
Marine
-20
-52822
Hoffmann et al. 2010 Science
Jumlah species vertebrat yang terancam punah
![Page 39: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
birds, mammals, and amphibians; Hoffmann et al. 2010 Science
36
Fig S5. Global patterns of change in overall extinction risk across birds, mammals and amphibians (for the periods plotted in Fig 3) mapped as average number of genuine Red List category changes per cell per year. (A) Deteriorations (i.e., increasing extinction risk). (B) Improvements (i.e. decreasing extinction risk). In B, the uniform pattern of improvement at sea is driven by improvements of migratory marine mammals with cosmopolitan distributions (e.g., Humpback Whale). Deteriorations (e.g., Nightingale Reed-warbler Acrocephalus luscinius in the Northern Mariana Islands) and improvements (e.g., Rarotonga Monarch Pomarea dimidiata in the Cook Islands) on islands are hard to discern.
Average number of IUCN Red List changes/year/cell (1980–2010)
0.0
-0.37
-0.90
-2.63
-4.55
-6.15
Perubahan tingkat ancaman vertebrat
![Page 40: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
5. Ada beberapa bentuk tumbuhan di hutan tropis
![Page 41: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Bentuk tumbuhan di hutan tropis
Pohon
Epifit
Hemi-epifit
Liana (akar)
Tumbuhan terrestrial (dekat tanah)
![Page 42: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Pohon
![Page 43: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Epifit
![Page 44: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Epifit
![Page 45: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Hemi-epifit
![Page 46: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Strangler figs
![Page 47: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Strangler figs
![Page 48: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Liana (akar)
![Page 49: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Tumbuhan terrestrial (dekat tanah)
![Page 50: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis
1. Fakta-fakta dasar
>2. Tipe hutan di TNGP
![Page 51: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Tipe hutan di TNGP
![Page 52: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Hutan bakau
![Page 53: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Hutan rawa gambut
![Page 54: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Hutan rawa air tawar
![Page 55: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Dataran rendahDataran rendah
Dipterocarpaceae!
![Page 56: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Dataran sedang (bukit)Bukit
Myrtaceae, Lauraceae
![Page 57: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
PergununganHutan pergunungan
![Page 58: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Hutan rawa gambut
![Page 59: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Riau Province, Sumatra
![Page 60: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Nepenthes spp.
![Page 63: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
tanah tidak subur
pohon tumbuh pelan-pelan
produktivitas rendah
daun-daun beracun
makanan tak bergizimakanan sedikit
habitat dengan kwalitas rendah untuk hewan
![Page 64: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PeatSwamp
FreshwaterSwamp
AlluvialBench
LowlandSandstone
LowlandGranite
UplandGranite
Montane
Den
isty
(ind
iv/k
m2)
+/-
SE
Gibbons
Leaf monkeys
Kelempiau
Kelasi
PegununganRawagambut
Rawaair tawar
Pinggirsungai
Batu kapur
Granit rendah
Granit sedang
Kepa
data
n (in
divi
du/k
m2 )
Kepadatan kelempiau dan kelasi di Cabang Panti
![Page 65: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Selamat datang!Selamat datang!
...ke hutan yang terindah di seluruh dunia!
Cabang Panti: hutan terindah di seluruh dunia
![Page 66: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
http://sites.lsa.umich.edu/ajmarsha/kuliah-lapangan-2016/
Semua materi yang ditunjukkan salama kuliah lapangan ini akan tersedia di:
![Page 67: 1. Pengenalan hutan hujan tropis.key](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013120/5877504f1a28ab0f0c8bb923/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Ucapan terima kasih• Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi
• Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia
• Kementerian Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistem
• Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Palung
• Universitas Tanjungpura, U Michigan
• Yayasan Palung
• Lande, Mi’an, Surya, Zakaria
• Tim Laman (untuk foto2 yg hebat)