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OUR FRIEND BLOOD

Some useful information

Municipality ofVedano al Lambro

Texts and drawings from“L’amico Sangue” (Our friend blood)Published by AVIS ABVS Regione Veneto

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Blood is a flowing tissue containig :• PLASMA, liquid portion (55%);

P.S. About 5 litres of blood flow in adults.

Where is it produced?- Bone marrow produces

red cells, white cells and platelets - The lymphatic gland system produces white cells

of the lymphocytes type.

Blood

• ERITROCYTES, red blood cells (45%);• LEUCOCYTES, white cells (Granulocytes, Lymphocytes and Monocytes);• TROMBOCYTES, the platelets.

corpuscular portion

Liquid portion

Show picture/s

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It is the liquid portion of the blood (55%), made up of 90% water and 10% mineral salts, albumin, coagulation elements and antibodies.

PLASMA

…and I have all these things to

do!!!

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These are the cells without a nucleus which contain (red coulored); they represent about 45% of the entire blood stream. Every mm3 there are 5 milion red blood cells.

RED BLOOD CELLS

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hemoglobin

To tissuesI give OXIGEN andI withdraw CARBON DIOXIDE.

When I’m “old”,

I’ll be done away with by the spleen and the liver.

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WHITE BLOOD CELLS

There are cells with a nucleous, responsible for the defence from against infections.There are three types:

granulocytes (70%),lymphocytes (25%),monocytes (5%).

Every mm3 of blood contains between 4,000 and 9,000 white blood cells.

I can survive for between 12 hours

and 14-15 days.

Infections

agentWhite cell

=Sanitary police

White cell enlarged

20.000 times.

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•limphocytes: produced by limphatic tissues, spleen and lymphatic glands, they form antibodies with a memory capacity;

White cells or leucocytes

They are colourless,with a nucleous, much bigger than red cells(from 6 to 20 micron). They are divided into:•granulocytes: 70% of the total; also divided in:

- nuetrophils: they attack and destroy bacteria;

- basophils: they form antibodies against viruses and bacteria;

- eosinophils: they are active against parasites;

•monocytes: they are about 5% of the total, and they include a great capacity of phagocyting bacteria (up to 100 bacteria for each monocyte).

Basophils

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Limphocytes

Monocytes

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PLATELETSThey come from fragments of the cytoplasm of giant cells present in the spinal marrow called megakaryocytes.Every day in the human body about 500 billions of platelets are produced.

I’m the smallest corpuscular element.

I’m without a nucleous and I

measure between 2 and 5 microns.

We are about

250,00 in every mm3.

Show picture

I live just

for few days

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Platelets or Thrombocytes

They are important to help blood clot. The hemostasia is the mechanism available in the human body to prevent hemorrhaging by forming clots.

When a vessel is damaged three processes occur in quick succession :

• the vessel shrinks to limit the flow of blood;

• a plug of “platelets” is formed;

• a scab is formed.

In very serious cases a clot is formed.

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Blood is a natural “product”, it cannot be artificially reproduced

it is indispensable for life.

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BLOOD

Liquid portion

PLASMACorpuscolar portion

CELLS

55% 45%

Water Mineral salts,Albumin,Antibodies and coagulation factors

90% 10% Red cellsErytrocytes, Haematids

5 milion for mm 3

White cellsLeucocytes

4000÷9000 for mm 3

PlateletsThrombocytes

250.000 for mm3

Granulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

B cells T cells

70% 5%25%

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How to preserve it• Whole blood and red cells concentrates are kept in special refrigerators with a temperature between +2°C and +6°C, for a maximum period of 35/42 days, according to the additive compounds present in the bag.

Red cells can be preserved, frozen at –80°C, for months and even for years.

• Concentrated platelets are preserved at room temperature (+20/22°C) for a maximum of 5/7 days.

• Concentrate of white cells, preserved at room temperature, must be utilized within 12 hours from the time they were prepared.

•Plasma is frozen and, if it’s constantly kept at a temperature below –30°C, can be utilized within a maximum period of 12 months.

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Human blood is not the same in everyone

To avoid, during trasfusion, donor’s red cells coming in to contact with the recipient’s blood, and destroying then, the compatibility between donor’s and recipient’s blood groups must be made.

Blood is devided into 4 GROUPS.

42% of population

9% of population

3% of population

46% of population

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Blood groupcompatibility scheme

UNIVERSAL DONOR

UNIVERSALRECIPIENT

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The presence or the absence in the red cells of an ANTIGENE determine the subdivision of the blood into: POSITIVE Rh ( Rh+ ) NEGATIVE Rh ( Rh- )

Trasfusion between Rh + DONOR and Rh – RECIPIENTmay cause in the RECIPIENT serious transfusial reactions.

Bag with blood Rh +

Recipient with blood Rh -

Rh- 15%

RH factor

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Anemia = The destruction of HEMOGLOBINdue to lack of red cell production; or acute

or cronic loss of red cells.

Leukopenia = White cells tumoural alteration.

Platelet disease = it may mainly cause a reduction of coagulation capacity.

Blood diseases

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It’s the trasfer of blood’s single components ( red cells, platelets, plasma), from a donor to a patient who needs them.

Trasfusion

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Our friend blood

Text and pictures from:•www.avis.it•www.funsci.com

“L’amico Sangue” published by AVIS ABVS Regione Veneto.

• Project: Mario Brambilla.• Translation: W.A. Gulia – Oxford Group

• Test correction: Patrizia Lecchi.• Tecnical consultation: Manuele Brambilla.

Realized for AVIS Vedano al LambroVia S. Stefano, 7120057 Vedano al LambroTel 0392495748. Cell. 3293887407E-mail avis.vedano@libero.ithttp://www.avisvedanoallambro.org

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