The Agricultural Revolutions

#1 Neolithic Revolution

#2 Industrial Revolution

#3 Green Revolution

The Agricultural Revolutions

#1 Neolithic Revolution

#2 Industrial Revolution

#3 Green Revolution

What pattern(s) do you see?

The Agricultural Revolutions

c. 10,000 BCE

• origins in regions of the Tigris and Euphrates

emerges independently in multiple hearths

• shift from mobility of the hunter-gatherer to sedentary society with resulting classes

• dependent on domesticationof plants and animals

Vegetative Planting (1) → Seed Planting (2)

◦ Sauer - Agricultural Origins and Dispersal

Vegetative Planting (1) → Seed Planting (2)

◦ Sauer - Agricultural Origins and Dispersal

AGRICULTUREAgricultural Revolution #1

the Neolithic Revolution

The MILPA Technique

maize field

fixes nitrogen in soil

beans grown on stalk

leaves shade soil

The Agricultural Revolutions

#1 Neolithic Revolution

#2 Industrial Revolution

#3 Green Revolution

The Agricultural Revolutions

18th Century

• origins in England

coincides with the Industrial Revolution

• results in new technologies and practices

• correlates to growing population

• connects once-segregated markets

• supported by government policy

2007

https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization

The Agricultural Revolutions

#1 Neolithic Revolution

#2 Industrial Revolution

#3 Green Revolution

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/foodfeatures/green-revolution/

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

• Key Practices:

◦ Expanded use of Fertilizers & Pesticides

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

• Key Practices:

◦ Expanded use of Fertilizers & Pesticides

◦ Improved Irrigation

Surface Area (1960) 23,600 mi2

Aral Sea

Surface Area (1960) 23,600 mi2

total

Surface Area (2009) 1,270 mi2

north

Surface Area (2009) 1,350 mi2

south

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

• Key Practices:

◦ Expanded use of Fertilizers & Pesticides

◦ Improved Irrigation

◦ Higher-Yield Seedsbiotechnology

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

• Norman Borlaug

◦ selectively bred dwarf wheat

◦ allocates most energy into edible kernels rather thana long stem

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

• International Rice Research Institute

NGO for research and training

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

• International Rice Research Institute

Develops semi-dwarf variety of rice that…

◦ is less likely to topple.

◦ diffused throughout Asia.

#1 What is the purpose of these charts?

#2 From 1961 to 1997, the price ofwhich crop fell the farthest? ignore price spikes

#3 Which crop experienced the largest growthin production over this same period?

#4 What patterns or correlations do you noticein the production and price of crops?

#5 What happened in the 1970’s?Make an educated guess what accounts for this anomaly?

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

• Key Practices:

Expanded use of Fertilizers & Pesticides

Improved Irrigation

Higher-Yield Seedsbiotechnology

Improved Transportation

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

• Critiques of the Green Revolution

◦ overuse of antibiotics and pesticides

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEkc70ztOrc

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

• Critiques of the Green Revolution

◦ overuse of antibiotics and pesticides

◦ fear of GMO and hormone use

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

• Critiques of the Green Revolution

◦ overuse of antibiotics

◦ fear of GMO and hormone use

◦ animal confinement

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

• Critiques of the Green Revolution

◦ overuse of antibiotics

◦ fear of GMO and hormone use

◦ animal confinement

◦ reliance on industrial farming

PRIMARYextraction of raw materials

SECONDARYthe production of goods (often from raw materials)

TERTIARYservices and intangible goods

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The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

• Critiques of the Green Revolution

◦ overuse of antibiotics

◦ fear of GMO and hormone use

◦ animal confinement

◦ reliance on industrial farming

◦ people still starve production -v- distribution

The Agricultural Revolutions

Late 20th Century

•Case Study: videos

Mixed Legacy of the Green Revolution