1-nacili-5€¦ · ganxilva inteleqtualuri maratoni saxviti xelovneba 4 saxelmzrvanelo...

me-4 klasi

saxelmZRvanelo

4

saxviTi xelovneba

egana jalilova

qamala jafarzade

damtkicebulia azerbaijanis respublikis

ganaTlebis saministros mier (brZaneba

#1197 04.07.2011 w.)

2015

LAYİH

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ganxilva inteleqtualuri maraToni

saxviTi xelovneba 4saxelmZRvanelo zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis me-4 klasisaTvis.e. jalilova. q. jafarzade. baqo, …. 0000, 72 gv.

samecniero redaqtori C. rustamovi, pedagogikis filosofiis doqtori, aspu-s docenti

saxelmZRvanelo qarTul enaze iTargmna da

gamosacemad momzadda gamomcemloba `diogenes~ mier

mxatvari m. huseinovi

saswavlo-meToduri kompleqti damuSavebulia saxelmwifo zogadsaganmanaTleblo standartebisa da programebis (kurikulumis) safuZvelze

saswavlo kompleqtSi `saxviTi xelovneba~ zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis me-4 klasisaTvis Sedis:

• saxelmZRvanelo

• meToduri saxelmZRvanelo maswavleblisTvis

formati 57 X 2

fiz. nabeWdi

xelmowerilia dasabeWdad

tiraJi 0000

ufaso

1 8 / . 8

9.

.

.

© azerbaijanis respublikis ganaTlebis saministro, 0000.

saavtoro uflebebi daculia. specialuri nebarTvis gareSe am gamocemis an misi romelime nawilis gadabeWdva, aslis gadaReba da informaciis eleqtronuli saSualebebiT gavrceleba kanonsawinaaRmdegoa.

www.bakineshr.azISBN

azerbaijaneli xalxis erovnuli lideriheidar alievi

LAYİH

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5

Sinaarsi

1. 1. 82. 3. . . . . . . . . . . . 164. . . . . . . . . . . .5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2. 7. . . . . . . . . 288. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3210. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3411. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3612. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3813. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

3. 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4215. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4416. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4617. . . . . . . 48 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5019. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5220. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5421. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5622. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

4. 23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6024. . 6325. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6526. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6727. . . . . . . . . . 70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

mSobliuri xelovnebis saTaveebTan mSobliuri mxare Cveni miwis nobaTiadamiani aSenebs, amkobs, gamosaxavssacxovreblebis mravalferovnebaCveni miwa-wylis adamianebi xalxuri wes-CveulebebiSeamowme Seni Tavi

uZvelesi Zeglebis mxareqvis qandakebebi _ istoriis mexsierebamavzoleumebi. akldamebi Zveli taZrebi Zveleburi xidebicixesimagreebisasaxleebiqarvaslebiSeamowme Seni Tavi

Cveni qveynis xelovnebauZvelesi qalaqebixelosanTa qalaqisiuJeturi xaliCebinovruzis tradiciebi da wes-Cveulebebi mirza hadim irevaniusta gambar qarabagimir mohsun navabiomar eldarovi ToRrul narimanbekovi Seamowme Seni Tavi

yvela eri Semoqmediaamomavali mzis qveyanaCrdiloeTis, mTebisa da stepebis mkvidri xalxebiqalaqebi udabnoSiZveli elada Sua saukuneebis evropuli qalaqebiSeamowme Seni Tavi

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

18

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samSoblos gacnoba mSobliuri xelovnebis

saTaveebis SeswavliT iwyeba.

imaSi, Tu rogor ageben adamianebi TavianT

sacxovreblebs, iwyoben yofas, ilamazeben

sakuTar Tavsa da samoss, vlindeba

adamianis warmodgena samyaroze,

mSvenierebaze.

xelovneba adamianis sulis, xasiaTisa da

Wkua-gonebis gamoxatulebaa.

mSobliuri

xelovnebis

saTaveebTan

gansacvifrebelia, raoden gansxvavebulad aSenebs sxvadasxva

erovnebis xalxi Tavis saxlebs, amSvenebs da gamosaxavs sakuTar

Tavs. swored am mravalferovnebaSi gamoixateba samyaros sila-

maze.

nebismieri eris xelovneba erTiani, ganuyofeli samyaroa, ro-

melSic yvelaferi urTierTdakavSirebuli da ganumeorebelia. xe-

lovneba exmareba adamianebs, ukeT gaugon erTmaneTs. swored amis

Sesaxeb Seityob ̀ saxviTi xelovnebis~ saxelmZRvanelodan.

imisaTvis, rom praqtikuli davalebebi Seasrulo, Sen, rogorc

mxatvars, dagWirdeba didi SemoqmedebiTi fantazia, maxvilgonie-

reba da siTamamec ki!

1

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mSobliuri mxare

sivrcis gamosaxva naxatebze. perspeqtiva

mravalferovania Cveni samSoblos buneba: cadatyorcnili, maRa-li mTebi, ukidegano dablobebi, mwvane gorakebi, movercxlisfro mdinareebi, lurji zRva…

adamianisTvis yvelaze lamazi buneba, Cveulebriv, iqaa, sadac igi daibada da gaizarda.

eqskursiadaakvirdi mSobliuri bunebis ferTa palitras. ferTa simravle peizaJebze mxatvris gamonagoni ki ara, realobis asaxvaa.

1

rogori ritmi SeimCneva naxatebze?

riT gansxvavdeba Soreuli mTebis feri axlos mdebare mTebis ferisagan?

98

perspeqtiva.xuli, Zalze mravalferovania. imisaTvis, rom gavigoT, ra gziT iqna miRweuli naxatebze sinamdvilis zustad asaxva, unda vecadoT gaver-kveT, rogor icvleba Cvens TvalSi im sagnebis formebi da zomebi, romlebsac vxedavT. magaliTad, is xeebi an adamianebi, romlebic Cvengan Sorsaa, ufro mcire zomis gveCveneba, vidre CvenTan axlos myofebi, Tumca viciT, rom sinamdvileSi isini erTi zomis arian. am movlenas mxatvrebic iTvaliswineben. mayureblisagan daSorebis man-Zilis Sesabamisad erTi da imave zomis obieqtebi TiTqos pataravde-bian. es aris perspeqtivis ZiriTadi kanoni.

horizontis xazi (warmosaxviTi horizontaluri xazi) yovelTvis damkvirveblis Tvalis doneze mdebareobs. zRvis napiras es aris sazRvari casa da wyals Soris, stepSi ki _ miwasa da cas Soris. Tu adamiani maRlobze adis, horizontis xazi maRla iwevs, daSvebisas ho-rizontaluri xazic dabla eSveba. naxatze muSaobis dawyebisas auci-leblad unda ganisazRvros horizontis xazi.

peizaJebi, romlebzec Cveni samSoblos bunebaa gamosa-

qamil xanlarovi. peizaJi

horizontis

xazi Tvalis

doneze mdebareobs.

Serwymis wertili

perspeqtivis sqema q. xanlarovis naxatze `peizaJi~

gaecaniq. xanlarovis ̀ peizaJSi~ horizontis xazi mayureblis . igi naxatis SuaSi gadis da gamosaxulebas TiTqos or nawilad _ mTebad da dab-lobad hyofs.mTebisken mimavali gzis orive gzispiri, mayureblisgan daSorebis kval-dakval, TandaTan uaxlovdeba erTmaneTs da horizontis xazze TiTqos erT wertilSi erTdeba.

Tvalis donezea

amas Serwymis wertili ewodeba.

ratom moCans mTagrexili ufro patara, vidre kldeebi?

LAYİH

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mSobliuri mxare

sivrcis gamosaxva naxatebze. perspeqtiva

mravalferovania Cveni samSoblos buneba: cadatyorcnili, maRa-li mTebi, ukidegano dablobebi, mwvane gorakebi, movercxlisfro mdinareebi, lurji zRva…

adamianisTvis yvelaze lamazi buneba, Cveulebriv, iqaa, sadac igi daibada da gaizarda.

eqskursiadaakvirdi mSobliuri bunebis ferTa palitras. ferTa simravle peizaJebze mxatvris gamonagoni ki ara, realobis asaxvaa.

1

rogori ritmi SeimCneva naxatebze?

riT gansxvavdeba Soreuli mTebis feri axlos mdebare mTebis ferisagan?

98

perspeqtiva.xuli, Zalze mravalferovania. imisaTvis, rom gavigoT, ra gziT iqna miRweuli naxatebze sinamdvilis zustad asaxva, unda vecadoT gaver-kveT, rogor icvleba Cvens TvalSi im sagnebis formebi da zomebi, romlebsac vxedavT. magaliTad, is xeebi an adamianebi, romlebic Cvengan Sorsaa, ufro mcire zomis gveCveneba, vidre CvenTan axlos myofebi, Tumca viciT, rom sinamdvileSi isini erTi zomis arian. am movlenas mxatvrebic iTvaliswineben. mayureblisagan daSorebis man-Zilis Sesabamisad erTi da imave zomis obieqtebi TiTqos pataravde-bian. es aris perspeqtivis ZiriTadi kanoni.

horizontis xazi (warmosaxviTi horizontaluri xazi) yovelTvis damkvirveblis Tvalis doneze mdebareobs. zRvis napiras es aris sazRvari casa da wyals Soris, stepSi ki _ miwasa da cas Soris. Tu adamiani maRlobze adis, horizontis xazi maRla iwevs, daSvebisas ho-rizontaluri xazic dabla eSveba. naxatze muSaobis dawyebisas auci-leblad unda ganisazRvros horizontis xazi.

peizaJebi, romlebzec Cveni samSoblos bunebaa gamosa-

qamil xanlarovi. peizaJi

horizontis

xazi Tvalis

doneze mdebareobs.

Serwymis wertili

perspeqtivis sqema q. xanlarovis naxatze `peizaJi~

horizontis horizontis

gaecaniq. xanlarovis ̀ peizaJSi~ horizontis xazi mayureblis . igi naxatis SuaSi gadis da gamosaxulebas TiTqos or nawilad _ mTebad da dab-lobad hyofs.mTebisken mimavali gzis orive gzispiri, mayureblisgan daSorebis kval-dakval, TandaTan uaxlovdeba erTmaneTs da horizontis xazze TiTqos erT wertilSi erTdeba.

Tvalis donezea

amas Serwymis wertili ewodeba.

ratom moCans mTagrexili ufro patara, vidre kldeebi?

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��m. orujevis naxatze `kaspiis sadarajoze~ horizontis xazi, piri-qiT, ufro maRlaa. navTobis qvebisa da xomaldebis mqrqali silu-etebi TiTqos fermkrTaldeba, zRvis civ koloritSi uCinardeba. Toliebis Seferiloba da forma mkveTradaa gamosaxuli, radgan isini ufro axloa mxatvarTan. rkinis milebis Tbili Seferiloba aSkarad migvaniSnebs mziani dRis dasawyisze.

a. mamedovis nawarmoebSi `mdumareba mtkvarze~ ca da dedamiwa ho-rizontis xazze erwymis erTmaneTs. peizaJze horizontis xazi tilos Sua nawilze gacilebiT dablaa. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom mxatvari sadRac maRlobidan dascqeroda bunebis am peizaJs.

aiub mamedovi. `mdumareba mtkvarze~

magomed orujevi `kaspiis sadarajoze~

horizontis xazi

Tvalis doneze

dabla mdebareobs.

horizontis xazi

Tvalis doneze

maRlaa.

10 11

davalebadaxate mSobliuri bunebis peizaJi. muSaobis dasawyisSi aucileblad gan-sazRvre horizontis xazis done. haerovani perspeqtivis gaTvaliswinebiT, gaxsovdes, rom xeebi, romelic Sorsaa, mkafiod ar Cans, amitom isini Ria da civi ferebiT gamosaxe.

ra aris ?rogor icvleba ferebis simkveTre horizontTan miaxloebis Sesa-bamisad? ratom?

Serwymis wertili

perspeqtiva (franguli sityva) _ sagnebis zomebis, formebis, Suq-Crdilebis moCvenebiTi cvalebadoba, gamowveuli damkvirveblisagan met-naklebi da-SorebiT.horizontis xazi _ warmosaxviTi swori xazi, romelic pirobiTad mayureb-lis Tvalis doneze mdebareobs.

_ wertili, sadac horizontisken mimavali paraleluri xa-zebi erTdeba. igi horizontis xazze, mayureblis Tvalis doneze mdeba-reobs.haerovani perspeqtiva _ formebisa da ferTa cvalebadoba axlo da Sor obi-eqtebs (axlo da Sor xedebs) Soris.

Serwymis wertili

daimaxsovre

��haerovani perspeqtiva. obieqtebi, romlebic damkvirveblisgan da-Sorebulia, manZilis zrdis Sesabamisad ara marto zomebSi mcirdeba, aramed gamokveTil konturebsa da ferTa simkveTresac kargavs, uf-ro mqrqali da gadRabnili xdeba. es haerovani garemos zemoqmedebis Sedegia. ferTa da formaTa cvalebadobis gadmocemas axlo da Sors

`bindi mTebSi~. foto

maral rahmanzade `sayvareli araqsi~

mdebare sagnebs (xedebs) Soris hae-rovani perspeqtiva ewodeba. es ara marto haerovan garemoze, aramed weliwadis droze, sinaTlis wyaro-sa da dRis monakveTzecaa damo-kidebuli.

feradi fanqrebi, pastelis carcebi, guaSi, akvareli

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Cveni miwis nobaTinaturmorti: Suq-Crdilis cneba

��mSobliuri miwis dovlaTi, misi amouwuravi simdidre SeTxveviT rodi iwvevs yoveli Cvenganis aRfrTovanebasa da siamayes. misi ZRve-nis formebi da ferebi usazRvrod mravalferovania. weliwadis yo-vel sezons Cvens nayofier miwaze Tavisi mosavali moaqvs, magram, ra Tqma unda, yvelaze uxvmosavliani periodi zafxuli da Semodgomaa. miaqcie yuradReba xilis formebisa da ferebis mravalgvarobas, ro-melic mxatvarma tiloze gamosaxa.

ToRrul narimanbekovinaturmorti

rogor gadmosca mxatvarma

feris meSveobiT nayofTa

formebis, maTi zedapirisa da

Seferilobis silamaze?

ratomaa nayofTa

gamosaxulebebSi erTi da igive

feri sxvadasxvanairi?

ferweraSi ZiriTadi gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebia feri da Suq-

Crdili. maTi meSveobiT mxatvari ganwyobis Seqmnasa da sinamdvilis

maqsimalurad zustad gamosaxvas axerxebs.garemomcveli sagnebis danaxva Cven mxolod sinaTlis wyaros arse-

bobis SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia. sinaTlis bunebrivi wyaroebi mze da mTvarea, xelovnuri ki _ eleqtronaTurebi, sanTeli an koconi. Tu yuradRebiT daakvirdebi, magaliTad, raime xils, SeniSnav, rom mis zedapirze gavrcelebisas sinaTle elfers icvlis _ ufro Riadan ufro muqamde. imisaTvis, rom am elferebis gamosaxva iswavlo, Suq-Crdilis cneba unda aiTviso.

Suq-Crdili aris sinaTlis gadanawileba sagnis zedapirze. Suq-Crdili damokidebulia sagnis formasa da ferze, zedapirze (gluvia Tu xorkliani) da sinaTlis wyarodan daSorebaze.

2

13

gaecanisagnis zedapirze Suqis dacemisas misi erTi nawili ganaTebulia (Suqi) meore ki CrdilSi rCeba (saku-Tari Crdili). Suqi da Crdili sagnebisa da sivr-ceSi maTi mdebareobis gamosaxvis mniSvnelovani sa-Sualebaa. moculobiTi forma Suq-Crdilis meSve-obiT gadmoicema. naxatis Seqmnisas mniSvnelovania sinaTlis wyaros mdebareobis gaTvaliswineba.

dacemuli

Crdili

aTinaTi

Suqi

naxevarCrdili

sakuTari

Crdili

refleqsi

aTinaTi _ yvelaze baci ad-

gili saganze, romelsac glu-

vi, priala zedapiri aqvs.

Suqi _ sagnis ganaTebuli ze-

dapiri.

naxevarCrdili _ Suqidan

CrdilSi TandaTanobiTi ga-

dasvla.

sakuTari Crdili _ sagnis ga-

unaTebeli zedapiri.

dacemuli Crdili _ Crdili,

romelsac sagani qmnis sxva ze-

dapirze. misi forma sinaTlis

wyaros mdebareobazea damoki-

debuli.

refleqsi _ Suqisa da feris

anarekli sagnis Crdiliani

mxridan sxva zedapirze.

horizontis mdebareobis mixedviT sagnebs SeiZleba vuyuroT zemodan an qvemodan. radgan horizontis xazi yovelTvis mxatvris Tvalis doneze mde-bareobs, naturmortis xatvisas Zalze mniSvnelovania horizontis am xazis sworad gansazRvra. adgils, sadac mxatvris Tvalebi mdebareobs, xedvis wertili ewodeba.

xedvis wertili horizontis done-

ze dabla mdebareobs. sagnebis ho-

rizontis xazze maRla ganTavse-

bisas Cven maT TiTqos qvemodan vu-

yurebT.

horizontis sami ZiriTadi done

xedvis wertili horizontis do-

neze mdebareobs. sagnebi horizon-

tis xazzea da Cven maT pirdapir vu-

yurebT.

xedvis wertili horizontis do-

neze maRla mdebareobs. roca sag-

nebi horizontis xazze dablaa,

Cven maT TiTqos zemodan davyu-

rebT.

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davaleba• daxate naturidan naturmorti Semodgomis nayofebiT. kargad moifiqre kompozicia da qaRaldis furcelze sagnebi sworad ganalage. Seecade, nayofebis moculoba Suq-Crdilis meSveobiT gadmosce.

1. naxatis gakeTeba.gaakeTe naxati wvrili xazebiT. Semdeg waSale damxmare xazebi. moifiqre kompozicia, anu sagnebis mTeli jgufis ganlageba furcelze. daazuste TiToeuli sagnis detalebi da proporciebi. moniSne Suqisa da Crdilis sazRvrebi.

2. feriT muSaoba.jer sagnebisa da fonis ZiriTadi feri daitane, Suqsa da CrdilSi tonaluri cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. radgan akvarelSi TeTri feri ar arsebobs, yvelaze Ria toni furclis TeTri feria. gamoiyene lesirebis xerxi. gaxsovdes: akvareliT ferweras ar uyvars Sesworeba.

3. feriT muSaobis gagrZeleba.ganagrZe saRebavis gamSral fenaze axali fenis datana. TandaTan feri sasurvel tons miiRebs. imisaTvis, rom sasurveli elferi miiRo, gamoiyene palitra. gaxsovdes, rom aTinaTi WurWelsa da vaSlebze SeuRebavi unda datovo. ufro gaamuqe sagnebis sakuTari da dacemuli Crdilebi.

4. muSaobis dasruleba.daamuSave detalebi. akvareliT naxati yovelTvis cocxlad da xalisianad gamoiyureba, radgan akvarelis saRebavebi yvelaze muq adgilebSic ki gamWvirvalea.am etapze ZiriTadi amocanaa _ gamoyo naxatze mTavari da miaRwio kompoziciis mTlianobas.

14

aTinaTi _ yvelaze Ria adgili saganze, romelsac gluvi, priala zedapiri aqvs.refleqsi (laTinuri sityva) _ Suqisa da feris anarekli sagnis Crdiliani mxridan sxva zedapirze.proporcia _ (laTinuri sityva) _ sagnebis calkeuli nawilebisa, da zogadad, sagnebis zomebis Tanafardoba.lesireba (germanuli sityva) _ gamSral fenaze saRebavis ganmeorebiT datana.

daimaxsovre

akvarelis saRebavebiT muSaobis xerxebi

lesireba _ saRebavis gamSral fenaze akvareliT mravalfeniani TanmimdevrobiTi muSaoba. feris gabaceba kaSkaSadan mkrTa-lamde, an feris gamkveTreba bacidan kaSka-Samde.

ostatis rCevebi

svel qaRaldze akvareliT erT fenad xatva. wylis TandaTanobiT damatebiT SeiZleba

feris gamkrTaleba kaSkaSadan Riamde. zed-

met wyals gawuruli funjis boloTi aSo-

reben.

lesireba. naturidan pomidvris akvareliT gamosaxvis Tanmimdevroba gada-

recxvis meTodiT _ winaswari gamSrali zedapiris mravalfeniani dafarviT.

TanmimdevrobiTi mkrTa-

akvareli, A4 formatis akvarelis qaRaldi

akvareliT naturmortze muSaobis Tanmimdevroba

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davaleba• daxate naturidan naturmorti Semodgomis nayofebiT. kargad moifiqre kompozicia da qaRaldis furcelze sagnebi sworad ganalage. Seecade, nayofebis moculoba Suq-Crdilis meSveobiT gadmosce.

1. naxatis gakeTeba.gaakeTe naxati wvrili xazebiT. Semdeg waSale damxmare xazebi. moifiqre kompozicia, anu sagnebis mTeli jgufis ganlageba furcelze. daazuste TiToeuli sagnis detalebi da proporciebi. moniSne Suqisa da Crdilis sazRvrebi.

2. feriT muSaoba.jer sagnebisa da fonis ZiriTadi feri daitane, Suqsa da CrdilSi tonaluri cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. radgan akvarelSi TeTri feri ar arsebobs, yvelaze Ria toni furclis TeTri feria. gamoiyene lesirebis xerxi. gaxsovdes: akvareliT ferweras ar uyvars Sesworeba.

3. feriT muSaobis gagrZeleba.ganagrZe saRebavis gamSral fenaze axali fenis datana. TandaTan feri sasurvel tons miiRebs. imisaTvis, rom sasurveli elferi miiRo, gamoiyene palitra. gaxsovdes, rom aTinaTi WurWelsa da vaSlebze SeuRebavi unda datovo. ufro gaamuqe sagnebis sakuTari da dacemuli Crdilebi.

4. muSaobis dasruleba.daamuSave detalebi. akvareliT naxati yovelTvis cocxlad da xalisianad gamoiyureba, radgan akvarelis saRebavebi yvelaze muq adgilebSic ki gamWvirvalea.am etapze ZiriTadi amocanaa _ gamoyo naxatze mTavari da miaRwio kompoziciis mTlianobas.

14

aTinaTi _ yvelaze Ria adgili saganze, romelsac gluvi, priala zedapiri aqvs.refleqsi (laTinuri sityva) _ Suqisa da feris anarekli sagnis Crdiliani mxridan sxva zedapirze.proporcia _ (laTinuri sityva) _ sagnebis calkeuli nawilebisa, da zogadad, sagnebis zomebis Tanafardoba.lesireba (germanuli sityva) _ gamSral fenaze saRebavis ganmeorebiT datana.

daimaxsovre

akvarelis saRebavebiT muSaobis xerxebi

lesireba _ saRebavis gamSral fenaze akvareliT mravalfeniani TanmimdevrobiTi muSaoba. feris gabaceba kaSkaSadan mkrTa-lamde, an feris gamkveTreba bacidan kaSka-Samde.

ostatis rCevebi

svel qaRaldze akvareliT erT fenad xatva. wylis TandaTanobiT damatebiT SeiZleba

feris gamkrTaleba kaSkaSadan Riamde. zed-

met wyals gawuruli funjis boloTi aSo-

reben.

lesireba. naturidan pomidvris akvareliT gamosaxvis Tanmimdevroba gada-

recxvis meTodiT _ winaswari gamSrali zedapiris mravalfeniani dafarviT.

akvareli, A4 formatis akvarelis qaRaldi

akvareliT naturmortze muSaobis Tanmimdevroba

LAYİH

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adamiani aSenebs, amkobs,

gamosaxavsmogzauroba istoriaSi

adamiani aSenebs. uZveles xanaSic ki, rodesac adamiani jer mxo-

lod iwyebda sakuTari sacxovreblis asagebad qvisa da xis masalebis

gamoyenebas, igi ukve xelmarjve ostati iyo. gamoyenebuli samSe-

neblo masala im mxaris bunebaze iyo damokidebuli, romelSic igi

cxovrobda. tyian adgilebSi mSeneblobisaTvis ZiriTadad xes iyene-

bdnen, mTebSi ki _ qvas.

dResac, sadac ar unda cxovrobdes adamiani _ qalaqsa Tu sofelSi

_ igi aSenebs, agebs, qmnis, oRond yoveli eri amas Taviseburad ake-

Tebs.

3

16 17

adamiani amkobs. uZvelesi droidan moyole-buli, adamianebi yovelTvis cdilobdnen, gae-lamazebinaT Tavi. amas garTobis mizniT rodi akeTebdnen. samkaulebi xom is niSnebia, romle-bic adamianebs erTmaneTis ukeT gagebaSi exma-reba.

morTulobis mixedviT adamianebs SeeZloT imis gageba, Tu ras warmoadgenda sxva adamiani, SeeZloT ganesazRvraT misi miznebi, magaliTad, samSvidobod iyo igi ganwyobili Tu saomrad.

adamiani dResac rTavs da amkobs Tavis sac-xovrebels, Tavis nakeTobebs, maT Soris sayo-facxovrebo sagnebsac. samkaulebi yovel ers Taviseburi aqvs.

ra gamosaxulebebi gvxvdeba yvelaze xSirad kldis mxatvrobaSi? riT gansxvavdeba uZvelesi drois adamianebis naxatebi Tanamedrove mxatvrebis namuSevrebisagan?

adamiani gamosaxavs. uZvelesi xanis monadire SesaniSnavad gamo-saxavda cxovelebs. misi samuSao instrumentebi qvisa da Tixis nate-xebi iyo. gamoqvabulebis kedlebze cxovelebis figurebis gamosa-xvisas uZvelesi adamianebi ukeT Seicnobdnen maTs qcevebsa da Cve-vebs, es ki maTTvis warmatebuli nadirobis sawindari iyo. gamosaxu-lebebis meSveobiT adamiani aseve Seicnobda sakuTar Tavs, sakuTar grZnobebs, samyaros mimarT Tavis damokidebulebas.

adamianebi cxovroben tyeebSi, mTebSi, udabnoebSi, zRvis nislian kunZulebze. swored amitom iyo erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli maTi nagebobebi, tanisamosi da samkauli. magaliTad, xom warmoudgenelia Tbili qurqis tareba udabnoSi, an Txeli tanisamosisa _ Zlier yin-vaSi.

gobustanis kldis

mxatvroba (fragmenti)

ici Tu ara rom?upirveles yovlisa adamianma adgili moawyo.

cecxlis dasanTebi

davaleba· megobrebTan erTad Seqmeni pano, romelic Zveli drois adamianis cxovrebas asaxavs.

vatmanis qaRaldi, feradi fanqrebi, flomasterebi, guaSi

pano _ mxatvris mier kedelze daxatuli an awyobili didi zomis dekoratiuli naxati, romelic naZerwi bordiuriT an CarCoTia Semofargluli. CarCo kompo-zicias dasrulebuls xdis.

samyaro Zalian mravalsaxovania. erebi, iseve rogorc adamianebi, Zalian hgvanan erTmaneTs da amave dros Zalian gansxvavdebian kidec.

LAYİH

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uZvelesi adamianebis cxovrebis wesi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebo-da Tanamedrove cxovrebis wesisagan. mesaqonleebi, romlebic momTa-bare cxovrebas eweodnen, dasaSlel-gadasatan sacxovreblebs _ iur-tebs _ aniWebdnen upiratesobas. miwaTmoqmedebi ki sxvadasxva saxis qoxebSi cxovrobdnen.

4 soflis yvela saxlTan, ezoSi, yoveldRiuri saWiroebisaTvis ga-

mosayenebeli sxvadasxva nagebobebi iyo: marcvleulis Sesanaxi beRe-

li, Wa, puris sacxobi tendiri, sabZeli, Tavla, saqaTme. WiSkari qu-

Cis mxares iReboda. mas xSirad naliT amSvenebdnen, romelic xalxuri

warmodgeniT, boroti Zalebisgan icavda maT da iRbali da bedniere-

ba mohqonda.

soflis SuagulSi, Cveulebriv, momcro moedani iyo, sadac sofle-

1918

rogori forma hqondaT sacxovreblebs? ra masalisganaa SesaZlebeli maTi ageba?ra saerTo aqvT iurtasa da qoxs?razea damokidebuli saxlis simyare da gamZleoba?

xalxuri xuroTmoZRvreba, konstruqcia, saxe

sacxovreblebis mravalferovneba

gaecaniiurta (oreze gadadebuli latnebisagan mzaddeboda da qeCiT iyo dafaruli. iur-

tis SigniT ganTavsebuli iyo yvelaferi, rasac yofa-cxovrebaSi iyenebdnen:

skivri, sawoli, jara, motali, sexengi, doqebi… iurta mTeli simZimiT say-

rden boZs awveboda. iurtis SesasvlelSi xaliCa an qeCa iyo Camokidebuli..

azerbaijanulad ̀ alaCigi~) _ mrgvali konstruqcia, romelic erTime-

iurtis saxuravsa da kedlebze qeCa iyo gadaWimuli.

iurtas sayrdeni boZi, romelsac mTeli konstruqcia ukavia.

motali _ cxvris tyavis tomara (guda), romelSic yvels inaxavdnen.

keria iurtis centrSi iyo mowyobili.

iurtis mrgvali konstruqcia: kedlebisa da Weris msubuqi jvare-dini karkasi latnebis meSveobiT iqmneba.

· wvimian amindSi sakvamurs qeCis naWers afarebdnen

dawnuli qoxis (azerbaijanulad _ `Covustani~) kedlebs lerwmisgan wnavdnen, Semdeg TixiT lesavdnen, gadasaxurad ki Calas iyenebdnen.

qvis qoxi (azerbaijanulad _ `koma~ an `daxma~) qviT an gamoumwvari aguriT (aliziT) Sendeboda. aseT qoxs miwis saxuravi hqonda, SuaSi sak-vamuriT. iq, sadac notio hava iyo, saxlebs sayrdenebze (xi-minjebze) dgamdnen, romlebic miwaSi iyo CarWobili, raTa nageboba nestisgan daecva.

karis nacvlad SesasvlelSi xaliCa an qeCa iyo Camofarebuli.

CaliT dafaruli saxuravi.

saxuravis wveros tyavis naWers afarebdnen, ro-melsac Tokebze Camokide-buli qvebiT amagrebdnen. qvebis simZime qars tyavis moglejis saSualebas ar aZlevda. tyavi Calis saxuravs wvimisgan icavda.

karaqis sadRvebi _ Tixis didi qoTani. masSi rZes dRvebdnen da karaqs amzadebdnen.

sakvamuri

lebi mniSvnelovani SemTxvevebis, maga-

liTad, dResaswaulebis dros dros ik-

ribebodnen.

davalebagaakeTe iurtis an qoxis konstruqcia. imisaTvis, rom soflis saxe misce, Se-giZlia ezoSi sxvadasxva daniSnulebis nagebobebi moawyo: marcvleulis Sesa-naxi beReli, Wa, Tavla, tendiri (sac-xobi), saqaTme, aseve ramdenime xe da plastilinisgan gamoZerwili adamianis figura. moifiqre, rogor daatio sofe-li Cveulebriv magidaze. es samuSao SeiZleba Sesruldes koleqtiurad mTeli klasis mier.

feradi fanqrebi, akvareli, guaSi, plastilini, feradi qaRaldi, webo, yuTebi, patara joxebi, tyavis naWrebi, patara qvebi, asanTis kolofebi da Rerebi, flomasterebi, pastelis carcebi

LAYİH

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Cveni miwa-wylis adamianebi

adamianis gamosaxuleba: portreti da yofa

yovel ers Tavisi warmodgena aqvs adamianis silamazeze. xalxur SemoqmedebaSi es mamakacisa da qalis saxeebSia xorcSesxmuli. qalSi sicocxlis sawyiss, mTeli bunebisa da samyaros dedas xedavdnen. misi aRnagobisa da moZraobebis moxdenilobasa da didebulebaSi ikveTeba uZvelesi deda-pirvelsawyisis saxe, romelsac Soreuli winaprebi eTayvanebodnen. mas miiCnevdnen, qomagad, diasaxlisad, afasebdnen mis Rirsebas, saTnoebasa da siTbos. qalis silamazes ukavSirdeboda warmodgena bednierebaze.

adamianebs swamdaT, rom silamaze keTili da damcveli Zalaa. amitom uZvelesi droidan qalebi cdilobdnen, lamazad CaecvaT da samkaulebi etarebinaT.

oqtai sadixzade. meCaieebi ragimova da bairamova

5

• daaTvaliere qalebis portretebi. isini simSvides, sikeTes, sulier siTbos ganasaxiereben. maTi kaSkaSa feris Tavsafrebi azerbaijaneli qalis morTulobis erT-erTi elementia.

20 21

glexis qalis yoveldRiuri cxovreba sazrunaviTaa savse: muSaoba mindorSi, bostanSi, saxlSi. misi sadResaswaulo samosi ki namdvili saocrebaa. tanisamoss igi Tavad qmnida da masSi namdvil mxatvrul niWs aqsovda.

mamakacis saxe ganuyofelia misi saqmianobisgan. xalxur Semoqme-debaSi es mesaqonlis an miwaTmoqmedis saxea. masSi Serwymulia war-modgena Zalasa da sikeTeze, unarze, mouaros sakuTar miwas, saku-Tar meurneobas da daicvas igi.

adamiani saxe misi sulisa da xasiaTis sarkea. Sexedo adamians saxeSi _ es igivea, rom mis sulSi Caixedo.

maral raxmanzade. azerbaijaneli qalebi

elmira Saxtaxtinskaia. udanakargod gavzrdi!

moaxerxes Tu ara mxatvrebma ara marto garegnuli, aramed sulieri msgavsebis miRweva?rogor SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT naxatebze gamosaxuli adamianebis profesia?

mikail abdulaevi. gogonebi brinjis mosavalTan.

davalebaSeqmeni portreti _ garegnuli ierisa da tanisamosis mixedviT gamosaxe keTi-li, mzrunveli adamiani. Seecade, kargad aCveno misi saxis nakvTebi. SegiZlia, mocemuli nimuSebi gamoiyeno.

feradi fanqrebi, pastelis carcebi, guaSi

LAYİH

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xalxuri wes-Cveulebebi6

es dResaswauli, simRera-mowodebebis TanxlebiT, . dilaadrian ki mindorSi miwaTmoqmedebi gamodian guTne-

biT da iwyeba xvna.kargma mSromelma garTobac kargi icis.

gvian Ramemde grZeldeba

saxalxo dResaswaulebi

azerbaijanSi zeimiT acilebdnen zamTars da xvdebodnen gazaf-xuls, zeimiT aRniSnavdnen samiwaTmoqmedo samuSaoebis dawyebasa da dasrulebas. dResaswaulebi TavisTavad ar Cndeboda: TiToeul maT-gans Tavisi sawyisi da mizezi, Tavisi dro hqonda. Cveni qveynis erT-erTi uZvelesi samiwaTmoqmedo dResaswaulia xvnis dawyebis zeimi, romelic sezonur wes-Cveulebebs miekuTvneba.

sezonuri wes-Cveulebebi. miwaTmoqmedis cxovreba ZiriTadad we-liwadis droebis cvalebadobazea damokidebuli. magaliTad, Semod-gomaze, mosavlis aRebis Semdeg, miwis Semdgomi TesvisTvis momzade-bamde, xvnis dawyebis dResaswauls atareben. pirvel rigSi yovel mxvnelsa da mexres xonCas (langarze dalagebul ZRvens _ Tavsafars, TeTr perangs, windebs, tkbileulsa da boxCaSi gamokrul Semwvar xorbals) miarTmeven.

im adgilze, sadac xvnis dawyebas apireben, qvabebs dgamen da ko-cons anTeben. mTeli sami dRis ganmavlobaSi aq amzadeben flavs da yvela msurvels aqve umaspinZldebian. moxucebsa da avadmyofebs Tav-TavianT wils saxlSi miarTmeven. adamianebi sawesCveulebo simRerebs mRerian, ialis cekvaven, erTmaneTs koconze gadaxtomaSi ejibrebian.

ialis ase cekvaven: xelixelgadaxveuli adamianebi koco-nis garSemo ferxuls asruleben, cekva-cekviT wreze moZ-raoben da gundurad mRerian _ Tbil gazafxuls, uxv mosa-valsa da baraqas iTxoven.

alekper rzakulievi. xaris daWedva.

asaf jafarovi. Cemi azerbaijani

1

2

wes-Cveuleba _ tradiciuli dResaswauli, romelic garkveuli wesebis mixedviT tardeba.

mexre _ adamiani, romelic naxirs uvlis da saxnavSi samuSaod gamohyavs.

22 23

LAYİH

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24 25

cxovrebaSi yvelaferi icvleba, magram ucvleli rCeba dResaswaulis sixaruli, morTuloba, saCuqrebi, gamaspinZleba, simRerebi, cekvebi da, ra Tqma unda, adamianuri erTobis gancda. swored es tradiciebi aniWebs dResaswauls ganumeoreblobasa da momxibvlelobas. ZiriTa-di wes-Cveulebebi, romlebic Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda, dResac SenarCunebulia.

davalebaSeqmeni pano `soflis dResaswauli~. moifiqre, weliwadis romel dros ga-mosaxav. gadmoeci dResaswaulis sasixarulo ganwyoba. moqmedebis adgili soflis moedanic SeiZleba iyos. qoxebi ise ganaTavse, rom am moednisTvisac darCes adgili. ar dagaviwydes adamianebis sazeimo tanisamosSi gamosaxva.SegiZlia samuSaos nawili aplikaciis teqnikiT Seasrulo. pirvel rigSi peizaJi da saxlebi daxate, adamianebis figurebi calke daamzade, Semdeg ki furcelze daawebe. winaswar moifiqre, rogor ganaTavso isini imgvarad, rom kompozicia STambeWdavad gamoiyurebodes. isargeble nimuSebiT.

Seamowme Seni Tavi

A1 formatis qaRaldis furceli (vatmani), feradi fanqrebi, pastelis carcebi, guaSi

1. gansazRvre naxatebze Serwymis wertili, horizontis xazi. ra gansxvavebaa horizontis xazis doneebs Soris? axseni msgavseba axlos mdebare da Sors mdebare obieqtebs Soris.

2. gviambe Suq-Crdilis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb mxatvrebis naturmortebSi. gan-sazRvre dacemuli Suqis mimarTuleba, horizontis xazebi, xedvis wertilebi.

ramiz abasovi. Semodgomis ZRveni

zoxrab jabarovi. saagarako sezonixijran alioRlu. spilenZis WurWeli

1 2 3 4

LAYİH

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26

3. adamianis samkaulebs?

ra mniSvneloba hqonda uZvelesi xanis gamosaxulebebs da

4. Sesabamisi tipebi. gviambe, ra masalisganaa isini aSenebuli.

mocemuli Tanmimdevrobis gaTvaliswinebiT miuTiTe sacxovreblis

5. Cacmulobis mixedviT gansazRvre adamianis profesia an saqmianoba.

mocemuli Tanmimdevrobis gaTvaliswinebiT miuTiTe sacxovreblis

dawnuli qoxi iurta qviT nagebi qoxi

LAYİH

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Zegli SeiZleba ewodos calkeul figuras,

romelime nagebobas da mTel qalaqsac ki.

yovel Zegls Tavisi ganumeorebeli saxe,

Tavisi xasiaTi da istoria aqvs.

TiToeul qvis qandakebaSi eris istoriuli

gza, misi mexsierebaa aRbeWdili.

uZvelesi

Zeglebis mxare

2

LAYİH

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28 29

qva maradiulobis simboloa. SemTxveviTi araa, rom pirveli ga-mosaxulebebi Cvenma winaprebma swored qvebsa da kldeebze amokve-Tes. gobustanis kldis mxatvroba, romelic pirvelyofili adamia-nebis mier gamoqvabulis kedlebsa da kldeebzea amokveTili, nam-dvili saocrebaa. rodesac am gamosaxulebebs Soridan aTvaliereb, isini TiTqos Sen Tvalwin cocxldebian: monadireTa simamace da na-dirTa simarde pirvelyofili adamianis niWierebaze, mis araCve-ulebriv gamWriaxobasa da dakvirvebis unarze metyvelebs.

ornamentuli motivebi qandakebebze, romlebic xalxis rwmenasa da wes-Cveulebebs mowmobs, mravlferovnebiT gamoirCeva. am orna-mentebis silamaze iseTive maradiulia, rogorc Tavad qva.

reliefi (laTinuri sityva) niSnavs amoburculobas. es aris skulpturis saxeoba _ brtyel zedapirze amoburculi gamosaxuleba. misi daTvaliereba mxolod winidan aris SesaZlebeli.qandakeba _ qvis skulptura.

daimaxsovre

droTa ganmavlobaSi adamianma aiTvisa qvaze amokveTisa da Wris xe-lovneba da qvis zedapirze reliefur moxatulobasa da moculobiT

figurebs qmnida.

amokawvra, amokveTa

gobustanis kldis mxatvroba

qvaze amokveTisa da Wris xelovneba.moxatulobis mravalferovneba

28

qvis kerpi _ mTliani qvisgan gamo-

kveTili adamianis figura, ro-

melsac Cveni winaprebi Tayvans

scemdnen. saxisken aziduli xelebi

da zereled nakveTi cxviri Rrma

STabeWdilebas axdens.

xedi winidan xedi uknidan

qvis verZis figuraze gamosaxuli

xmali da mSvildi gmirobasa da

simamaces ganasaxierebs.

mcenareTa ritmuli moxatulobiT

Semkuli xaliCa verZis zurgs

mosasxamiviT amSvenebs.

qvis kerpi

qvis cxenebis

figurebi zogadad

erTnairad

gamoiyureba, magram

maTi morTulobis

elementebi

gansxvavebulia.

istoriis mexsiereba

qvis qandakebebi _

simboloebi qvaSi

7Cvens winaprebs swamdaT, rom qva siwmindea, mas Tayvans scemdnen da

miiCnevdnen, rom qvis figurebi maT avi sulebisgan daicavda. uZvelesi adamiani yvelaze xSirad verZs _ vaJkacobis da Zalis

simbolos _ gamosaxavda. aseve gamosaxavda cxens, romelic simdi-drisa da guladobis simbolod iTvleboda. marTalia, erTi da imave saxeobis cxovelebis gamosaxulebebi msgavsia, magram maTi morTu-lobis elementebi sxvadasxvagvaria.

kldeebis gluv zedapirze amokawruli uZvelesi gamosaxulebebi.

gaecani

LAYİH

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28 29

qva maradiulobis simboloa. SemTxveviTi araa, rom pirveli ga-mosaxulebebi Cvenma winaprebma swored qvebsa da kldeebze amokve-Tes. gobustanis kldis mxatvroba, romelic pirvelyofili adamia-nebis mier gamoqvabulis kedlebsa da kldeebzea amokveTili, nam-dvili saocrebaa. rodesac am gamosaxulebebs Soridan aTvaliereb, isini TiTqos Sen Tvalwin cocxldebian: monadireTa simamace da na-dirTa simarde pirvelyofili adamianis niWierebaze, mis araCve-ulebriv gamWriaxobasa da dakvirvebis unarze metyvelebs.

ornamentuli motivebi qandakebebze, romlebic xalxis rwmenasa da wes-Cveulebebs mowmobs, mravlferovnebiT gamoirCeva. am orna-mentebis silamaze iseTive maradiulia, rogorc Tavad qva.

reliefi (laTinuri sityva) niSnavs amoburculobas. es aris skulpturis saxeoba _ brtyel zedapirze amoburculi gamosaxuleba. misi daTvaliereba mxolod winidan aris SesaZlebeli.qandakeba _ qvis skulptura.

daimaxsovre

droTa ganmavlobaSi adamianma aiTvisa qvaze amokveTisa da Wris xe-lovneba da qvis zedapirze reliefur moxatulobasa da moculobiT

figurebs qmnida.

amokawvra, amokveTa

gobustanis kldis mxatvroba

qvaze amokveTisa da Wris xelovneba.moxatulobis mravalferovneba

qvis kerpi _ mTliani qvisgan gamo-

kveTili adamianis figura, ro-

melsac Cveni winaprebi Tayvans

scemdnen. saxisken aziduli xelebi

da zereled nakveTi cxviri Rrma

STabeWdilebas axdens.STabeWdilebas axdens.

xedi winidan xedi uknidan

qvis verZis figuraze gamosaxuli

xmali da mSvildi gmirobasa da

simamaces ganasaxierebs.

mcenareTa ritmuli moxatulobiT

Semkuli xaliCa verZis zurgs

mosasxamiviT amSvenebs.

qvis kerpi

qvis cxenebis

figurebi zogadad

erTnairad

gamoiyureba, magram

maTi morTulobis

elementebi

gansxvavebulia.

istoriis mexsiereba

qvis qandakebebi _

simboloebi qvaSi

7Cvens winaprebs swamdaT, rom qva siwmindea, mas Tayvans scemdnen da

miiCnevdnen, rom qvis figurebi maT avi sulebisgan daicavda. uZvelesi adamiani yvelaze xSirad verZs _ vaJkacobis da Zalis

simbolos _ gamosaxavda. aseve gamosaxavda cxens, romelic simdi-drisa da guladobis simbolod iTvleboda. marTalia, erTi da imave saxeobis cxovelebis gamosaxulebebi msgavsia, magram maTi morTu-lobis elementebi sxvadasxvagvaria.

kldeebis gluv zedapirze amokawruli uZvelesi gamosaxulebebi.

gaecani

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uZvelesi nagebobebi, romlebsac mavzoleumebs an akldamebs uwode-ben, Cveni qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi gvxvdeba. isini arqiteqturuli Zeglebis SesaniSnavi nimuSebia. am nagebobebs pativsacemi adamianebis xsovnis ukvdavsayofad agebdnen. mavzoleumebis moxatuloba (ornamen-tebi) mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli adamianur samyarosTan.

Cveni winaprebi miiCnevdnen, rom ornaments damcavi Zala gaaCnia. sam-yaros mravalferovneba ornamentSi simboloebis _ pirobiTi niSnebis _ saxes iRebs. mcenareuli ornamentebi, geometriuli figurebi, talRo-vani xazebi, varskvlavebisa da asoebis gamosaxulebebi nagebobebze yve-laze xSirad gamoyenebuli ornamentebis motivebs warmoadgenda. mar-Talia, mavzoleumebi Zvelebur sacxovreblebs hgavda, magram zomebi da moxatulobis simdidre ganasxvavebda maTgan. mavzoleumebi, Cveule-briv, ovaluri an marTkuTxa formisa iyo.

mavzoleumebi. akldamebi

ra mniSvneloba aqvs nagebobebze gakeTebul ornamentebs?ra saerTo niSnebi aqvT mavzoleumebs?

forma, moxatuloba da ritmi arqiteqturaSi8

daaTvaliere, rogoraa gamokveTili moxatuloba, ramdenad mravalferovania niWieri ostatebis mier agebuli arqiteqturuli Zeglebis forma da maTi damamSvenebeli ornamentebi.

*mavzoleumi (laTinuri sityva) _ monumenti, samarxi nageboba.

geometriuli

ornamenti, romelic

amkobs mavzoleums

(fragmenti)

mavzoleumi

guTlu musa. aRdami

mavzoleumi axmedalilari. fizuli

mavzoleumis moxatulobis

fragmenti. asoebisgan Sed-

genili ornamenti. asoebi,

romlebic sxvadasxva kuT-

xiTaa daxrili, ornamentad

iqceva.

mavzoleumi garabaglari.

naxiCevani

mavzoleumi gioigiunbedi.

maraga

davalebadaxate sxvadasxva formis mavzole-umebis siluetebi. morTe isini geometriuli figurebiT, mcenare-uli moxatulobiT, talRovani xaze-biT, asoebisa da varskvlavebis gamosaxulebebiT.

feradi fanqrebi, Savi avtokalami, flomasterebi

30 31

ra niSnebiT SeiZleba ganvasxvavoT erTmaneTisgan verZisa da cxenis qandakebebi? riT gansxvavdeba qvaze amokveTisgan? qvaze Wra

davalebagamoZerwe cxovelis figura. jer daxate eskizi qaRaldze, Semdeg Seqmeni misi reliefi _ amoburculi gamosaxuleba qaRaldze. ar dagaviwydes figu-ris morTva simboloebiT. SegiZlia, mocemuli nimuSebiT isargeblo.

1 2

3 4

1

3

2

4

A4 formatis qaRaldi, plastilini an Tixa

LAYİH

Ə

uZvelesi nagebobebi, romlebsac mavzoleumebs an akldamebs uwode-ben, Cveni qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi gvxvdeba. isini arqiteqturuli Zeglebis SesaniSnavi nimuSebia. am nagebobebs pativsacemi adamianebis xsovnis ukvdavsayofad agebdnen. mavzoleumebis moxatuloba (ornamen-tebi) mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli adamianur samyarosTan.

Cveni winaprebi miiCnevdnen, rom ornaments damcavi Zala gaaCnia. sam-yaros mravalferovneba ornamentSi simboloebis _ pirobiTi niSnebis _ saxes iRebs. mcenareuli ornamentebi, geometriuli figurebi, talRo-vani xazebi, varskvlavebisa da asoebis gamosaxulebebi nagebobebze yve-laze xSirad gamoyenebuli ornamentebis motivebs warmoadgenda. mar-Talia, mavzoleumebi Zvelebur sacxovreblebs hgavda, magram zomebi da moxatulobis simdidre ganasxvavebda maTgan. mavzoleumebi, Cveule-briv, ovaluri an marTkuTxa formisa iyo.

mavzoleumebi. akldamebi

ra mniSvneloba aqvs nagebobebze gakeTebul ornamentebs?ra saerTo niSnebi aqvT mavzoleumebs?

forma, moxatuloba da ritmi arqiteqturaSi8

daaTvaliere, rogoraa gamokveTili moxatuloba, ramdenad mravalferovania niWieri ostatebis mier agebuli arqiteqturuli Zeglebis forma da maTi damamSvenebeli ornamentebi.


geometriuli

ornamenti, romelic

amkobs mavzoleums

(fragmenti)

mavzoleumi

guTlu musa. aRdami

mavzoleumi axmedalilari. fizuli

mavzoleumis moxatulobis

fragmenti. asoebisgan Sed-

genili ornamenti. asoebi,

romlebic sxvadasxva kuT-

xiTaa daxrili, ornamentad

iqceva.

mavzoleumi garabaglari.

naxiCevani

mavzoleumi gioigiunbedi.

maraga

davalebadaxate sxvadasxva formis mavzole-umebis siluetebi. morTe isini geometriuli figurebiT, mcenare-uli moxatulobiT, talRovani xaze-biT, asoebisa da varskvlavebis gamosaxulebebiT.

feradi fanqrebi, Savi avtokalami, flomasterebi

forma, moxatuloba da ritmi arqiteqturaSi

mavzoleumebi. akldamebiforma, moxatuloba da ritmi arqiteqturaSi

8

biT, asoebisa da varskvlavebis biT, asoebisa da varskvlavebis


gamosaxulebebiT.

30 31

ra niSnebiT SeiZleba ganvasxvavoT erTmaneTisgan verZisa da cxenis qandakebebi? riT gansxvavdeba qvaze amokveTisgan? qvaze Wra

davalebagamoZerwe cxovelis figura. jer daxate eskizi qaRaldze, Semdeg Seqmeni misi reliefi _ amoburculi gamosaxuleba qaRaldze. ar dagaviwydes figu-ris morTva simboloebiT. SegiZlia, mocemuli nimuSebiT isargeblo.

1 2

3 4

A4 formatis qaRaldi, plastilini an Tixa

LAYİH

Ə

risTvis agebdnen taZrebsa da eklesiebs?

Seni qalaqis (dabis) romeli taZrebi da eklesiebi ici?

davalebadaxate Zveleburi taZari da misi mnaxvelebi. taZari SeiZleba iyos mTaSi, barSi an sofelSi.

feradi fanqrebi, pastelis carcebi, guaSi

Zveli taZrebi

mogzauroba istoriaSi

9

32 33

eqskursiaianardagi Cveni samSoblos erT-erTi bunebrivi Zeglia. igi kaspiis zRvis maxloblad, afSeronis miwaze mdebareobs. es maradiuli kelaptari bune-bis namdvili saocrebaa. amin-disgan ganurCevlad, igi dRe-daRam Cauqroblad gizgizebs.

aTeSga _ cecxlTayvanismcemlebis taZari _ afSeronSi im dro-idan SemorCa, roca adamianebi bunebis Zalebs scemdnen Tayvans. cecxlTayvanismcemlebs, romlebic am taZarSi modiodnen, bunebis Zalebis yovlisSemZleobisa swamdaT da aq sakulto msaxurebas ewe-odnen. aTeSga tolgverda oTxkuTxeds warmoadgens. mas yoveli mxridan aqvs Sesasvleli. qvis TasebSi mogizgize CiraRdnebi, rom-lebic taZris saxuravis kuTxeebSia ganlagebuli, mzis Casvlis Semdeg mTel midamos anaTebs.

xedi dRisiT xedi RamiT

ianardagi

taZari aTeSga

gumbaTi

TaRi

eklesia daba

qiSSi.

Seqi

taZrisfasadi

xedi uknidan

taZari _ adgili religiuri ritualebisTvis.

gumbaTi _ naxevarsferos an konusis formis saxuraviTaRi _ naxevrad ovaluri gadaxurva.

afra (burji) _ taZris damas-rulebeli, gumbaTqveSa nawili.

daimaxsovre

kavkasionis qedis ZirSi, sofel qiSSi, albanuri eklesia mdeba-

reobs. igi Cveni samSoblos erT-erTi uZvelesi Zeglia.taZris kedlebis zemoT gumbaTqveSa mdebareobs. mas

amSvenebs gumbaTi, romelsac eqvswaxnagovani piramidisa da konusis

forma aqvs. sinaTle nagebobaSi sarkmlebidan Semodis, romlebic ze-

moTaa ganlagebuli, ase rom, sinaTle TiTqos cidan iRvreba.

burji

taZrebs, romlebsac qalaqebSi, gorakebsa da dablobebze agebdnen,

udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda xalxis cxovrebaSi. im kuTxis mcxovreb-

lebi taZrebSi saRvTo msaxurebaze ikribebodnen, iqve ismendnen ganc-

xadebebs mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb.

es nagebobebi, romlebic warsulisgan memkvidreobiT gvergo, sxva-

dasxva formisa da sididisaa.

LAYİH

Ə

malebi

zvirTsaWreli

xudaferinis ori xidi arsebobs.

didi _ 15-maliani da patara _ 11-

maliani.

·

gasaxsneli (asawevi) xidi

gozbelis xidi. naxiCevani wiTeli xidi. yazaxi mrude xidi. gadabei

gaecani

davalebagaakeTe erT-erTi xidis Canaxati da daasrule kompozicia siuJeturi naxatis miRebamde.

guaSi, akvareli, pastelis carcebi

Zveleburi xidebi

Cveni samSoblos wyaluxvi mdinareebis napirebsa da mTis gzebis rTul gadasasvlelebze gadebuli xidebis istoria mraval saukunes iTvlis. am xidebis burjebs bunebriv safuZvelze _ napirebze, klde-ebze _ agebdnen.

sxvadasxvanairi xidebi arsebobs: xis, qvis, dakiduli, gasaxsneli da a. S. yvelaze myari xidebi qvisgan igeboda. xidis ageba Zalze rTu-li da Sromatevadi samuSaoa.

Zvel droSi xidi saxelmwifos siZlierisa da simdidris simbolod iTvleboda. Cvens dromde moRweuli xidebi naTeli magaliTia imisa, Tu ris Seqmna SeuZlia adamians Tavisi SromiT.

ra saerTo elementebi aqvT xidebs?romel nagebobebSi SeiZleba xidis konstruqciis elementebis naxva?

konstruqcia, simetria, ritmi

10

34 35

daakvirdi. xudaferinis xidebis mSveneba maTi malebia. xidebis burjebi mdinaris qvebiTaa agebuli, malebi ki _ agurebiT. naxevrad momrgvalebuli malebis ritmuli mimdevroba xids Tavisebur silamazes sZens.

xudaferinis xidebi. jebraili

gaecanigaecani

qvis xididakiduli xidixis xidi

xudaferinis xidebi azerbaijanis yvelaze cnobili, aguris deko-riT Semkuli qvis xidebia. isini mdinare araqszea gadebuli da mis CrdiloeT da samxreT napirebs aerTebs.

LAYİH

Ə

malebi

zvirTsaWreli

xudaferinis ori xidi arsebobs.

didi _ 15-maliani da patara _ 11-

maliani.

·

gasaxsneli (asawevi) xidi

gozbelis xidi. naxiCevani wiTeli xidi. yazaxi mrude xidi. gadabei

gaecani

davalebagaakeTe erT-erTi xidis Canaxati da daasrule kompozicia siuJeturi naxatis miRebamde.

guaSi, akvareli, pastelis carcebi

davalebadavalebadavalebagaakeTe erT-erTi xidis Canaxati da daasrule kompozicia siuJeturi naxatis miRebamde.

Zveleburi xidebi

Cveni samSoblos wyaluxvi mdinareebis napirebsa da mTis gzebis rTul gadasasvlelebze gadebuli xidebis istoria mraval saukunes iTvlis. am xidebis burjebs bunebriv safuZvelze _ napirebze, klde-ebze _ agebdnen.

sxvadasxvanairi xidebi arsebobs: xis, qvis, dakiduli, gasaxsneli da a. S. yvelaze myari xidebi qvisgan igeboda. xidis ageba Zalze rTu-li da Sromatevadi samuSaoa.

Zvel droSi xidi saxelmwifos siZlierisa da simdidris simbolod iTvleboda. Cvens dromde moRweuli xidebi naTeli magaliTia imisa, Tu ris Seqmna SeuZlia adamians Tavisi SromiT.

ra saerTo elementebi aqvT xidebs?romel nagebobebSi SeiZleba xidis konstruqciis elementebis naxva?

konstruqcia, simetria, ritmi

10

34 35

daakvirdi. xudaferinis xidebis mSveneba maTi malebia. xidebis burjebi mdinaris qvebiTaa agebuli, malebi ki _ agurebiT. naxevrad momrgvalebuli malebis ritmuli mimdevroba xids Tavisebur silamazes sZens.

xudaferinis xidebi. jebraili

gaecani

qvis xididakiduli xidixis xidi

xudaferinis xidebi azerbaijanis yvelaze cnobili, aguris deko-riT Semkuli qvis xidebia. isini mdinare araqszea gadebuli da mis CrdiloeT da samxreT napirebs aerTebs.

LAYİH

Ə

cixesimagreebi

TavdacviTi nagebobebi, simetria, proporcia, ritmi

11 warsulSi adamianebi Tavdacvis mizniT cixesimagreebs agebdnen.

Cveulebriv, maT maRal gorakebze an Ria adgilebze aSenebdnen, raTa ukeT daenaxaT, Tu ra xdeboda garSemo. ucxotomelTa Tavdasxmebis dros mosaxleobas cixesimagris sqeli kedlebi icavda.

TavdacviTi nagebobis mSeneblobisa da saZirkvlis Cayrisas, pirvel rigSi Sesaferis adgils irCevdnen. nageboba ufro daculad iTvle-boda, Tu miudgomel kldeze an mdinaris piras idga. nebismier mtki-ce nagebobas dResac cixesimagres adareben. Tu zemodan daxedav, ase-Ti cixesimagreebis moxazuloba marTkuTxeds mogagonebs. kedlebis formasa da koSkebis mdebareobas adgilis reliefi gansazRvravda. magram mTavari cixesimagris dacva iyo. amisaTvis sqel galavnis ke-dels da sameTvalyureo koSkebs agebdnen, romlebic galavanze maRa-li da cotaTi win gamoweuli iyo. aseT koSks saguSago koSki ewode-boda.

cixesimagris kuTxeebSi igeboda mrgvali koSkebi, kedlebis gaswv-riv ki _ oTxkuTxa koSkebi saTofurebiT. manZili maT Soris iseTi unda yofiliyo, rom mters Senobis SigniT SemoWra ver moexerxebina.

36 373636 37

galavani _ kedeli, romelic nagebobas garSemo aqvs Semovlebuli.saguSago koSki _ saTvalTvalo adgili, sadac cixesimagris mcvelebi imyofebodnen.saTofuri _ vertikaluri Wrili galavanSi, romelic viwro sarkmels mogvagonebs, ewyoboda sasrolad.qongurebi _ gvirgvinis formis zeda nawili, romelic asrulebda galavansa da koSkebs.

daimaxsovre

galavani

saguSago koSki

dakbiluli

qongurebi

saTofuri

cixesimagre mrgvali koSkiT

daba mardaqani. afSeroni

daSenebuli qonguri _

sartylis

fragmenti

risTvis agebdnen cixesimagreebs?

davalebadaxate Zveleburi cixesimagre da misi mcxovreblebi. ar dagaviwydes sqeli galavnisa da saguSago koSkebis mixatva.

feradi fanqrebi, flomasterebi, akvareli

gaecanicixesimagre kvadratulikoSkiT. daba mardaqani.

afSeroni

cixesimagreebi daba ramanasa da mardaqanSi gorakze mdgom goliaTebs mog-

vagonebs. galavansa da koSkebs Taze qongurebi adgas, romlebic aRmosavleli

mmarTvelebis gvirgvins mogvagonebs. qongurebi mcxovreblebs mtrebisgan

icavda da koSks amSvenebda. cixesimagris yvelaze maRali nawili niSnis mice-

misTvis gamoiyeneboda: mterze gamarjvebis an Tavdasxmis saSiSroebis dros aq

cecxls anTebdnen.

cixe-koSki

daba ramana. afSeroni

LAYİH

Ə

cixesimagreebi

TavdacviTi nagebobebi, simetria, proporcia, ritmi

11 warsulSi adamianebi Tavdacvis mizniT cixesimagreebs agebdnen.

Cveulebriv, maT maRal gorakebze an Ria adgilebze aSenebdnen, raTa ukeT daenaxaT, Tu ra xdeboda garSemo. ucxotomelTa Tavdasxmebis dros mosaxleobas cixesimagris sqeli kedlebi icavda.

TavdacviTi nagebobis mSeneblobisa da saZirkvlis Cayrisas, pirvel rigSi Sesaferis adgils irCevdnen. nageboba ufro daculad iTvle-boda, Tu miudgomel kldeze an mdinaris piras idga. nebismier mtki-ce nagebobas dResac cixesimagres adareben. Tu zemodan daxedav, ase-Ti cixesimagreebis moxazuloba marTkuTxeds mogagonebs. kedlebis formasa da koSkebis mdebareobas adgilis reliefi gansazRvravda. magram mTavari cixesimagris dacva iyo. amisaTvis sqel galavnis ke-dels da sameTvalyureo koSkebs agebdnen, romlebic galavanze maRa-li da cotaTi win gamoweuli iyo. aseT koSks saguSago koSki ewode-boda.

cixesimagris kuTxeebSi igeboda mrgvali koSkebi, kedlebis gaswv-riv ki _ oTxkuTxa koSkebi saTofurebiT. manZili maT Soris iseTi unda yofiliyo, rom mters Senobis SigniT SemoWra ver moexerxebina.

36 373736 37

galavani _ kedeli, romelic nagebobas garSemo aqvs Semovlebuli.saguSago koSki _ saTvalTvalo adgili, sadac cixesimagris mcvelebi imyofebodnen.saTofuri _ vertikaluri Wrili galavanSi, romelic viwro sarkmels mogvagonebs, ewyoboda sasrolad.qongurebi _ gvirgvinis formis zeda nawili, romelic asrulebda galavansa da koSkebs.

daimaxsovre

da koSkebs.

galavani

saguSago koSki

dakbiluli

qongurebi

saTofuri

cixesimagre mrgvali koSkiT

daba mardaqani. afSeroni

daSenebuli qonguri _

sartylis

fragmenti

risTvis agebdnen cixesimagreebs?

davalebadaxate Zveleburi cixesimagre da misi mcxovreblebi. ar dagaviwydes sqeli galavnisa da saguSago koSkebis mixatva.

feradi fanqrebi, flomasterebi, akvareli

gaecanicixesimagre kvadratulikoSkiT. daba mardaqani.

afSeroni

cixesimagreebi daba ramanasa da mardaqanSi gorakze mdgom goliaTebs mog-

vagonebs. galavansa da koSkebs Taze qongurebi adgas, romlebic aRmosavleli

mmarTvelebis gvirgvins mogvagonebs. qongurebi mcxovreblebs mtrebisgan

icavda da koSks amSvenebda. cixesimagris yvelaze maRali nawili niSnis mice-

misTvis gamoiyeneboda: mterze gamarjvebis an Tavdasxmis saSiSroebis dros aq

cecxls anTebdnen.

cixe-koSki

daba ramana. afSeroni

LAYİH

Ə

38 39

Cveulebriv, Zvel aRmosavleTSi sasaxleebs mmarTvelis saxels ar-qmevdnen. fufuneba, simdidre da sasaxlis didebuli ieri qveynis Zlevamosilebas ganasaxierebda.

mniSvnelovan gadawyvetilebebs _ omis gamoc-xadebasa da zavis dadebas _ sasaxlis divanxanaSi (sxdomaTa darbazSi) iRebdnen. aq didebulebi, ve-zirebi, mTavarsardlebi, mcvelebi mmarTvelis gankargulebebs elodebodnen. am adamianebis ta-nisamosis morTuloba maT Tanamdebobriv mdgo-mareobaze metyvelebda. gansakuTrebulad mdid-rulad morTuli tanisamosis tarebis ufleba mxolod mbrZanebels hqonda.

sasaxles maRali galavani hqonda Semortymuli. koSkebSi mcvelebi idgnen. sasaxleSi sxvadasxva nageboba iyo _ divanxana, meCeTi, mavzoleumi, aba-no.xosros mefed kurTxeva. Sua saukuneebis miniatura.

mxatvari aRa mireki.

ratom agebdnen sasaxlis garSemo maRal galavans?riT gansxvavdeboda didebulebis tanisamosi meomrebis tanisamosisgan?

*divanxana (sparsuli sityva) _ oficialuri Sexvedrebis adgili Zveli aRmosavleTis sasaxleebSi.

davalebagamosaxe sasaxlis didebulTa cxovreba. daxate mbrZanebeli Tavis darbazebSi, didebulebi, mxedarTmTavrebi da mcvelebi.

feradi fanqrebi, flomasterebi, guaSi

12qarvasla savaWro qaravnebisa da mogzaurTa Ramis gasaTev da ga-

saCerebel adgils erqva, romelsac hqonda didi ezo cxovelebisa da oTxTvalebisaTvis. aqve iyo Wa da savaWro ezo. qarvaslaSi vaWrebi isvenebdnen da vaWrobdnen kidec. am nagebobebs savaWro gzebis ga-sayarze agebdnen. maT savaWro moednebi hqondaT. es iyo namdvili aR-mosavluri bazari _ xalxmravali da xmauriani. moedans xelosnebis fardulebi ertya gars.

qarvaslis ezo. Seqi

riT gansxvavdeba qarvasla sasaxlisgan?ra iyo qarvaslis ezoSi?ra nagebobebi arsebobs Cvens droSi qarvaslebis magivrad?

senaki (oTaxi)

qarvaslaSi. aq

vaWars SeeZlo

daesvena da Tan

Tvalyuri edevne-

bina imisaTvis, rac

garSemo xdeboda.

feradi fanqrebi, flomasterebi, guaSi

qarvaslebi13sasaxleebinagebobebi qaravnebisTvissasaxlis cxovreba

davalebadaxate xalxmravali da xmauriani moedani, garSemo xelosanTa fardulebi, maT win ki _ myidvelebi. Tu aq cxovelebis, oTxTvalebis da Wis daxatvasac moaxerxeb, namdvili qarvasla gamogiva.

LAYİH

Ə

40

Seamowme Seni Tavi

1. gviambe qvis qandakebebisa da maT zedapirze gamosaxuli simbolo-morTulobebis Sesaxeb.

2. gviCvene xidebi mocemuli Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT. gviambe, ra masalisgan agebdnen maT.

xis xidi gasaxsneli xidi

dakiduli xidi

qvis xidi

3. waikiTxe aRwera da gansazRvre, romel Senobas Seesabameba igi.

_ specialuri nageboba qaravanTa da mogzaurTa droebiT gasaCereblad.

_ Tavdacvis mizniT aSenebuli nageboba.

_ aq atarebdnen sawesCveulebo msaxurebas, acxadebdnen mniSvnelovan gadawyvetilebebs.

_ am nagebobebs aSenebdnen pativsacemi adamianebis xsovnis ukvdavsayofad.

mavzoleumi

taZari

cixesimagre

qarvasla

LAYİH

Ə

yoveli qalaqi gansakuTrebulia _ TiToeuls Tavisi ganumeorebeli iersaxe da xasiaTi, Tavisi istoria aqvs.qalaqebi mudmivad ganaxlebas ganicdis. sxvadasxva epoqis nagebobani sxvadasxva epoqis adamianebiviT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan.maT iersaxeSi eris istoriuli gza, mis cxovrebaSi momxdari movlenebi aisaxeba.

Cveni qveynis

xelovneba

3

LAYİH

Ə

42 43

feradi fanqrebi, flomasterebi

qalaqebi uceb ar aRmocenebula. isini cixesimagreebis garSemo iqm-neboda, izrdeboda da viTardeboda. adre aseTi gamoTqmac arsebobda: qalaqis guli. galavnis kedlebs miRma Zvelad uamravi ram iyo Tav-moyrili: taZrebi, meCeTi, abano, mmarTvelis sasaxle, didebulTa _ emirebisa da mxedarTmTavrebis _ saxlebi.

ra nagebobebia yvelaze mniSvnelovani qalaqisTvis?ras niSnavs gamonaTqvami: `yvela qalaqs Tavisi xasiaTi aqvs~?

Zveli qalaqebis Tavisebureba is iyo, rom isini saqaravno gzebze mdebareobda. ucxoelebi daxelovnebuli ostatebis mier damzade-bul nivTebs yidulobdnen da TavianT qveynebSi mihqondaT.

qalaqebs, iseve, rogorc adamianebs, Taviseburi xasiaTi da cxov-rebis wesi hqondaT.

uZvelesi qalaqebi14 azerbaijanis qalaqebis Taviseburebebi

qalaqis centrSi iyo bazari _ didi savaWro moedani, moqalaqeTa Se-sakrebeli, saxalxo krebis adgili. xolo gareubanSi xelosnebisa da-saxleba iyo. aq cxovrobdnen da TavianT saxelosnoebSi saqmianobd-nen xabazebi (mcxobelebi), oqromWedlebi, feiqrebi (mqsovelebi), mWe-d-lebi, meTuneebi (meqoTneebi), dabaRebi (tyavis ostatebi) da mra-vali sxva.

Zveli qalaqebis taZrebi sxva nagebobebisgan didebulebiT gamoir-Ceodnen, zemodan dahyurebdnen qalaqs Tavisi gumbaTebiTa da mina-reTebiT. qalaqis saxlebi kramitiT iyo gadaxuruli. es RumelSi gamomwvari Tixis marTkuTxa filebi saxuravs nestisgan icavda.

davalebadaxate Zveleburi qalaqi. warmoidgine, rom mas Soridan an zemodan dahyu-reb da mTeli qalaqi Sen Tvalwinaa gadaSlili. xatvisas ar dagaviwydes kom-poziciis mTlianobisa da perspeqtivis wesebis dacva.

LAYİH

Ə

44 45

xelosanTa qalaqi15xalxuri rewva (xelosnoba): spilenZis nakeTobebi

davalebadaxate naturmorti spilenZis nakeTobebiT. miaqcie yuradReba kompozi-ciis gamarTulobas. nakeTobebis zedapiri ornamentiT moxate da Sesaba-misad gaaferade. xatvisas SegiZlia gamosaxvis Semdegi Tanmimdevroba gamo-iyeno.

metalze muSaobis ra xerxebia SenTvis cnobili?gviambe, ra ici qalaq ganjis arqiteqturis Sesaxeb.

guaSi, pastelis carcebi, feradi fanqrebi, flomasterebi

sxvadasxva

formis

sexengebi

(qoTnebi)

serniji

Zveli qalaqis,

ganjis xedi

uZvelesi qalaqi ganja, romelic saqaravno gzebis gadakveTze mde-bareobda, ganTqmuli iyo gacxovelebuli vaWrobiTa da daxelovne-buli ostatebiT. yvelaze lamaz qsovilebs _ atlass, farCas, abre-Sums _ da maTgan Sekeril tanisamoss, romelsac `al-ganja~ ewodebo-da, aq amzadebdnen. mWedlebis mier damzadebuli nakeTobebi _ sabrZo-lo da Sromis iaraRebi, samzareulos WurWeli, Weduroba _ Tavise-buri natifi moxatulobiT gamoirCeoda.

ganjaSi iyo quCa, romelzec cxovrobdnen da muSaobdnen spilenZis nakeTobaTa ostatebi. aq mdebare saxelosnoebSi spilenZis WurWels amzadebdnen. misi nairnairi saxeobebi _ serpuSi, serniji, sexengi, langrebi, spilenZis viwroyeliani vedroebi, qoTnebi _ formebiTa da ornamentiT Zalian gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisgan. es WurWeli yo-veldRiur yofaSi gamoiyeneboda da amasTanave spilenZis damuSavebis xelovnebis araCveulebriv nimuSebs warmoadgenda.

spilenZis qoTani

da Tasi. me-19 saukune

gaecaniganjeli xelosnebis mier damzadebuli spilenZis WurWlis nimuSebi

spilenZis qoTani. me-19 saukunespilenZis qoTani. me-19 saukune

spilenZis fiala. me-19 saukune.

ici Tu ara, rom? ganjeli ostatebis memkvidreoba _ Weduri rkinis alayafi dResac Cveni eris siamayes warmoadgens. galavniT garSemortymul qalaqSi mdebareobda mmarTvelis sasaxle, didebuli cixesimagreebi, mavzoleumebi, qarvaslebi, meCeTi, medrese da sxva RirsSesa-niSnavi nagebobani.

LAYİH

Ə

44 45

xelosanTa qalaqi15xalxuri rewva (xelosnoba): spilenZis nakeTobebi

davalebadaxate naturmorti spilenZis nakeTobebiT. miaqcie yuradReba kompozi-ciis gamarTulobas. nakeTobebis zedapiri ornamentiT moxate da Sesaba-misad gaaferade. xatvisas SegiZlia gamosaxvis Semdegi Tanmimdevroba gamo-iyeno.

metalze muSaobis ra xerxebia SenTvis cnobili?gviambe, ra ici qalaq ganjis arqiteqturis Sesaxeb.


sxvadasxva

formis

sexengebi

(qoTnebi)

serniji

Zveli qalaqis,

ganjis xedi

uZvelesi qalaqi ganja, romelic saqaravno gzebis gadakveTze mde-bareobda, ganTqmuli iyo gacxovelebuli vaWrobiTa da daxelovne-buli ostatebiT. yvelaze lamaz qsovilebs _ atlass, farCas, abre-Sums _ da maTgan Sekeril tanisamoss, romelsac `al-ganja~ ewodebo-da, aq amzadebdnen. mWedlebis mier damzadebuli nakeTobebi _ sabrZo-lo da Sromis iaraRebi, samzareulos WurWeli, Weduroba _ Tavise-buri natifi moxatulobiT gamoirCeoda.

ganjaSi iyo quCa, romelzec cxovrobdnen da muSaobdnen spilenZis nakeTobaTa ostatebi. aq mdebare saxelosnoebSi spilenZis WurWels amzadebdnen. misi nairnairi saxeobebi _ serpuSi, serniji, sexengi, langrebi, spilenZis viwroyeliani vedroebi, qoTnebi _ formebiTa da ornamentiT Zalian gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisgan. es WurWeli yo-veldRiur yofaSi gamoiyeneboda da amasTanave spilenZis damuSavebis xelovnebis araCveulebriv nimuSebs warmoadgenda.

spilenZis qoTani

da Tasi. me-19 saukune

gaecaniganjeli xelosnebis mier damzadebuli spilenZis WurWlis nimuSebi

spilenZis qoTani. me-19 saukune

spilenZis fiala. me-19 saukune.

ici Tu ara, rom? ganjeli ostatebis memkvidreoba _ Weduri rkinis alayafi dResac Cveni eris siamayes warmoadgens. galavniT garSemortymul qalaqSi mdebareobda mmarTvelis sasaxle, didebuli cixesimagreebi, mavzoleumebi, qarvaslebi, meCeTi, medrese da sxva RirsSesa-niSnavi nagebobani.

LAYİH

Ə

46 47

davalebadaxate siuJeturi xaliCis eskizi simetriisa da ritmis gaTvaliswinebiT. ZiriTad siuJetad SegiZlia aiRo nadirobis scena, yofiTi scena, port-reti. SeiZleba naturmortic. gaxsovdes, rom is, Tu rogori gamova xaliCa, damokidebulia moxatulobis ferze, formasa da ritmze.

dekoratiul-gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis ra saxeobebi arsebobs?xaliCis ornamentebis ra kanonzomierebebia SenTvis cnobili?

siuJeturi xaliCebi

is, rom qalaqebi erTmaneTs hgavs, xels ki ar uSlis, aramed, piri-qiT, gvexmareba, davinaxoT da SevafasoT maTi Taviseburi iersaxe. am qalaqebis xelovneba da adaT-wesebi aq Seqmnil siuJetur xaliCebSia asaxuli. abreSumis qsovilebi da xaliCebi, romelTac `Sirvans~, `go-bustans~, ̀ Semaxas~, ̀ israfils~, ̀ arCimans~ uwodebdnen, Salis windebi kaSkaSa ornamentiT _ es yvelaferi qalaq Semaxas daxelovnebuli os-tatebis xeliTaa damzadebuli.

xaliCebis moxatulobaSi gamoyenebuli feri, forma da ritmi bune-bis yvelanair elfers gadmogvcems. yofiTi scenebis gamosaxvis deko-ratiuli stili da figurebis moxatulobad qcevis xelovneba Semaxe-li xaliCebis mqsovelebis maRal ostatobaze metyvelebs.

16yofiTi siuJetebi xaliCaze

`nadiroba~. siuJeturi kompozicia xaliCaze.

gaecanisiuJetur xaliCas gars kaSkaSa

ornamentebis arSia akravs.

masze nadirobis scenaa

gamosaxuli: cxenze

amxedrebuli monadiris

figura, mwevari ZaRlebi,

kuTxeebSi ki mamlebi _

sikeTis mauwyeblebi.

feradi fanqrebi, flomasterebi

LAYİH

Ə

magomed orujevi. sazeimo saRamo

novruzis dResaswaulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ra niSnebia gamosaxuli mxatvrebis tiloebze?kidev romel qveynebSi aRniSnaven novruzis dResaswauls?

davalebadaxate naxati, romelic novruzis tradiciebs asaxavs. naxatze SegiZlia gadmosce dResaswaulis wes-Cveulebebi, TamaSebi da warmodgenebi.

novruzi gazafxulis dadgomis, xvna-Tesvis, uxvi mosavlis Txov-nisa da keTildReobis dResaswaulia. novruzisadmi miZRvnili zeimi Tavad dResaswaulis dadgomamde ormoci dRiT adre iwyeba.

gansakuTrebiT sazeimod aRniSnaven dResaswauliswina bolo samSa-baT dRes: alageben saxlsa da ezos, acxoben nair-nair tkbileuls da did mzrunvelobas iCenen avadmyofebis mimarT. iTvleba, rom am dRe-saswauls yvela janmrTeli da sufTa unda Sexvdes.

sazeimo sufraze dgamen xonCas Svidi saxeobis kerZiT da sanTlebs anTeben. dResaswaulis wina saRamos bavSvebi kardakar dadian da saCuqrebs agroveben. amisaTvis isini sakvamurSi patara xurjins uSve-ben an karqveS qudebs agdeben. dResaswaulis dRes ki sxvadasxva sana-xaobebi da warmodgenebi imarTeba.

novruzis dResaswaulis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso TamaSi kver-cxebis damtvreva iyo. moTamaSeebi SeRebil sadResaswaulo kvercxebs amtvrevdnen da gamarjveba mas ergeboda, visi kvercxic mTeli dar-Ceboda. kvercxebis gatexis tradicia zamTrisa da gazafxulis, sici-visa da siTbos brZolas gamoxatavda.

alekper rzakulievi. TamaSi kvercxebis damtvreva

novruzis tradiciebi da

wes-Cveulebebi17novruzis dResaswaulis tradiciebi saxviT xelovnebaSi

alekper rzakulievi. novruzisTvis mzadeba

48 49

novruzis Semdgomi oTxi dRe wlis momavali oTxi sezonis simbo-luri gamoxatuleba iyo.


LAYİH

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50 51

faTali Sah gajari

irevanis sardari

hasan xan irevanli

(sari aslani)

irevanis sardari

mah talaT hanumi

ymawvilis portreti

qalis portreti

mirza hadim irevani dasavleT azerbaijanis qalaq irevanSi daibada. mxatvrobis xelovneba mas Seaswavla mamam, romelic xeze kveTis os-tati iyo. Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi gzis dasawyisSi m.g. irevani deko-ratiuli xelovnebiT iyo dakavebuli, muSaobda, rogorc mxatvar-ornamentalisti da portretisti. igi iyo azerbaijanSi `dazguri ferweris~ fuZemdebeli. misi namuSevrebi `kavaleristi~, `mocekvave qali~, `derviSi~ amJamad azerbaijanis xelovnebis saxelmwifo muze-umSia gamofenili.

mxatvarma aRadgina pano da siuJeturi kompoziciebi irevanis sar-daris sasaxleSi. sasaxlis sarkeebiani darbazis kedlebze man faTali Sah gajarisa da abas mirzas monumenturi portretebi Seqmna. somxuri agresiis Sedegad es arqiteqturuli Zegli daingra.

m. g. irevanis mier Seqmnili naxatebi `bijixula mirza~, `mola~, `qali~, `axalgazrda kacis portreti~ azerbaijanis xelovnebis sa-xelmwifo muzeumSi inaxeba, naxati `mah talaT hanumi~ ki _ saqarTve-los xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi. es portretebi TavianTi ga-momsaxvelobiTa da gamorCeuli koloritiT dResac aRafrTovanebs mnaxvels.

naxatebSi `mefe aleqsandre meuRlesTan erTad~, `Sahi da veziri~ mxatvarma yofiTi scenebi CarTo. sankt-peterburgis ermitaJis muze-umSi inaxeba misi tilo ̀ yvavilebi da frinvelebi~.

dekoratiuloba da realizmi ostatis nawarmoebebSi, romelmac aR-mosavluri miniatura, xalxuri Semoqmedeba da evropuli ferweris stili gaaerTiana, erTmaneTs harmoniulad avsebs.

m.g. irevanim safuZveli Cauyara axal mimarTulebas azerbaijanis saxviT xelovnebaSi.

azerbaijaneli mxatvrebi

18 mirza hadim irevani

mamedhusein oRlu

(1825-1875)

kulturuli memkvidreoba

ra roli Seasrula azerbaijanis saxviTi xelovnebis ganviTarebaSi m.g. irevanim?

davalebadaxate cnobili adamianis portreti da Seecade, gadmosce misi xasiaTis Taviseburebebi.

guaSi, pastelis carcebi

1

2

`dazguri ferwera~ _ ferwera, romelic dazgaze (molbertze) iqmneba.

`monumenturi ferwera~ _ ferweruli nawarmoebi, romelic mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli arqiteqturasTan.

s a m x a t v r o

g a l e r e a

mirza hadim irevanis mier Seqmnili pano da kompoziciebi irevanis sardaris sasaxleSi.

LAYİH

Ə

nadirobisa da brZolebis

scenebi, romlebic Seqineli

xanebis sasaxlis kedlebs amSvenebs.

azerbaijaneli mxatvari usta gambar qarabagi qalaq SuSaSi daibada. igi niWieri fermweri da mxatvar-ornamentalisti iyo. garda amisa, man Seqmna nacionalur stilSi Sesrulebuli kedlis mxatvrobis araCve-ulebrivi nimuSebi.

Seqineli xanebis sazafxulo sasaxlis darbazis moxatulobis res-tavraciis dros qarabagim tradiciul nacionalur stilSi axali elferebi Seitana. ostatis kompoziciebSi, romlebSic dekoratiuli xelovnebis stili ferwerasTanaa Serwymuli, didi da patara deta-lebis koloriti da harmonia sazeimo ganwyobas qmnis. kedlebis moxa-tuloba zRaprul baRs mogvagonebs. aq gamosaxul TiToeul yvavils Tavisi feri aqvs.

mxatvarma Tavis naxatebSi aRmosavluri ferwerisTvis ucnobi axa-li xerxebi gamoiyena. am naxatebSi dekoratiuli da realisturi gamo-saxulebebi TiTqos avseben erTmaneTs. mravalfiguriani samxedro kompoziciebi aRmosavluri miniaturis stils mogvagonebs.

qalaq SuSaSi mxatvarma araerTi saxli morTo kaSkaSa dasamax-sovrebeli moxatulobiT.

usta gambar qarabagi

(1830-1905)19

usta gambar qarabagis memkvidreoba.

Seqineli xanebis sasaxlis kedlebis moxatuloba. fragmentebi.

52 53

davalebaSeni warmodgeniT Seqmeni

naxati, romelSic nadirobis an

brZolis scenebs asaxav.

ra siaxle Seitana usta gambar qarabagim mxatvrobis tradi-ciul aRmosavlur stilSi?

guaSi, feradi fanqrebi, flomasterebi

LAYİH

Ə

ilustraciebi

derviS nurali Sahis portreti. abdurahman jamis portreti

davalebadaxate ilustracia frinvelebisa da yvavilebis gamosaxulebiT.

m.m. navabis Semoqmedebis ra niSnebi ganasxvavebs mas sxva mxatvrebisgan?

azerbaijaneli mxatvari mir mohsun navabi qalaq Su-SaSi daibada. niWieri mxatvari aseve cnobili iyo, ro-gorc poeti, musikismcodne da kaligrafi. dawye-biTi ganaTleba navabma sasuliero skolaSi miiRo. igi en-ciklopediuri codnisa da unikaluri niWis patroni iyo. man Seiswavla arabuli, sparsuli da Turquli enebi, astronomia, qimia, maTematika da sxva mecniere-bebi. igi werda leqsebs, gamoscemda mecnierebis sxva-dasxva dargebisadmi miZRvnil wignebs. navabi, rome-lic saxviTi xelovnebis nawarmoebebs qmnida, amavdro-

ulad iyo erT-erTi pirveli mxatvar-kaligrafi da wignebis gamfor-mebeli azerbaijanSi.

Tavisi saxlisa da im skolis kedlebi, romelSic igi aswavlida, na-vabma frinvelebisa da yvavilebis gamosaxulebebiT moxata. azerbai-janul dekoratiul xelovnebaSi es moxatuloba WeSmariti Semoqme-debis nimuSad iqca.

misi akvareliT Sesrulebuli namuSevrebi, wignis miniaturebi da ornamentebi, liTografiis teqnikiT dabeWdili wignebis mxatvruli gaformeba azerbaijanSi wignis grafikis pirveli nabijebad iqca.

navabma aseve mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana qalaq SuSas gevxaragis meCeTis gaformebaSi.

frinvelebisa da yvavilebis gamosaxulebebi,

romlebic mxatvris saxls amSvenebs.

emir Teimuris

portreti.

20

54 55

guaSi, feradi fanqrebi, flomasterebi

1

2

liTografia _ anabeWdi qvis zedapiridan, romelzec suraTia daxatuli.

kaligrafia _ lamazi da mkafio weris xelovneba, kaligrafi _ lamazad weris ostati.

mir mohsun navabi

(1833-1918)

LAYİH

Ə

ToRrul narimanbekovi qalaq baqoSi daibada. man jer azerbaijanis xelovnebis skola daamTavra, Sem-deg ki _ litvis saxelmwifo samxatvro instituti. T. narimanbekovi mravali Teatraluri speqtaklis de-koraciebis gamformebelia.

mis momajadoebel nawarmoebebSi _ naturmortebsa da peizaJebSi, rogorebicaa: `geiCais baRebSi~, `saga-zafxulo bazroba~, “`broweulebi da msxlebi~, ̀ yvavi-lebi~, ̀ Zveli Cinari~, ̀ qalwulis koSki~ _ bunebis kaS-kaSa ferebis xmovaneba JRers. maT TiTqos Seisrutes miwis madli, geiCais, zaqaTalisa da lenqoranis bune-bis ferTa siuxve.

geiCais baRebSi

broweulebi

da msxlebi

22

T. narimanbekovi mravali saerTaSoriso gamofenis monawilea. misi gamofenebi araerTgzis mowyobila germaniaSi, safrangeTSi, italiaSi, ruseTSi, SeerTebul StatebSi, kubaze, indoeTSi, poloneTSi, CexeT-Si, slovakeTSi.

azerbaijanis saxalxo mxatvari, nacionalur mecni-erebaTa akademiis namdvili wevri, moqandake omar el-darovi daibada qalaq derbendSi, daRestnis respub-likaSi.

eldarovma azerbaijanis samxatvro skolis qanda-kebis ganyofileba daamTavra da swavla leningradis (sankt-peterburgis) i.e. repinis saxelobis ferweris, qandakebisa da arqiteqturis institutSi gaagrZela.

igi azerbaijanis kulturis gamoCenili moRvawe-ebis _ poetebis, muhamed fizulis, xurSudbanu na-

Tavanis, husein javidis, kompozitor uzeir gajibeilis, mxatvar sa-Tar baxlulzades skulpturuli kompoziciebis avtoria.

cnobilma moqandakem xelovnebis niWieri moRvaweebis ramdenime Ta-oba aRzarda.

fizulis qandakeba

(tokai mamedovTan

erTad)

naTavanis Zegli

21

uzeir gajibeilis Zegli

omar hasan oRlu eldarovi

(1927)

gazafxuli

baqoSi

ToRrul farman oRlu

narimanbekovi (1930-2013)

56 57

davalebadaxate naturmorti an peizaJi kaSkaSa koloritSi.

guaSi, akvareli

ra koloriti SeimCneva T. narimanbekovis naxatebSi?

davaleba gamoZerwe sakuTari portreti. ecade SenTvis damaxasiaTebeli nakvTebi gadmosce.

saxviTi xelovnebis romeli Janri SeiniSneba o. eldarovis SemoqmedebaSi?

plastilini an Tixa

LAYİH

Ə

ToRrul narimanbekovi qalaq baqoSi daibada. man jer azerbaijanis xelovnebis skola daamTavra, Sem-deg ki _ litvis saxelmwifo samxatvro instituti. T. narimanbekovi mravali Teatraluri speqtaklis de-koraciebis gamformebelia.

mis momajadoebel nawarmoebebSi _ naturmortebsa da peizaJebSi, rogorebicaa: `geiCais baRebSi~, `saga-zafxulo bazroba~, “`broweulebi da msxlebi~, ̀ yvavi-lebi~, ̀ Zveli Cinari~, ̀ qalwulis koSki~ _ bunebis kaS-kaSa ferebis xmovaneba JRers. maT TiTqos Seisrutes miwis madli, geiCais, zaqaTalisa da lenqoranis bune-bis ferTa siuxve.

geiCais baRebSi

broweulebi

da msxlebi

22

T. narimanbekovi mravali saerTaSoriso gamofenis monawilea. misi gamofenebi araerTgzis mowyobila germaniaSi, safrangeTSi, italiaSi, ruseTSi, SeerTebul StatebSi, kubaze, indoeTSi, poloneTSi, CexeT-Si, slovakeTSi.

22

azerbaijanis saxalxo mxatvari, nacionalur mecni-erebaTa akademiis namdvili wevri, moqandake omar el-darovi daibada qalaq derbendSi, daRestnis respub-likaSi.

eldarovma azerbaijanis samxatvro skolis qanda-kebis ganyofileba daamTavra da swavla leningradis (sankt-peterburgis) i.e. repinis saxelobis ferweris, qandakebisa da arqiteqturis institutSi gaagrZela.

igi azerbaijanis kulturis gamoCenili moRvawe-ebis _ poetebis, muhamed fizulis, xurSudbanu na-

Tavanis, husein javidis, kompozitor uzeir gajibeilis, mxatvar sa-Tar baxlulzades skulpturuli kompoziciebis avtoria.

cnobilma moqandakem xelovnebis niWieri moRvaweebis ramdenime Ta-oba aRzarda.

fizulis qandakeba

(tokai mamedovTan

erTad)

naTavanis Zegli

21

uzeir gajibeilis Zegli

omar hasan oRlu eldarovi

(1927)

gazafxuli

baqoSi

ToRrul farman oRlu

narimanbekovi (1930-2013)

56 57

davalebadaxate naturmorti an peizaJi kaSkaSa koloritSi.

guaSi, akvareli

ra koloriti SeimCneva T. narimanbekovis naxatebSi?

davaleba gamoZerwe sakuTari portreti. ecade SenTvis damaxasiaTebeli nakvTebi gadmosce.

saxviTi xelovnebis romeli Janri SeiniSneba o. eldarovis SemoqmedebaSi?

plastilini an Tixa

LAYİH

Ə

2. ipove siuJeturi xaliCa

58

1. da mxatvari, romelsac igi ekuTvnis.

daasaxele nawarmoebi mirza gadim irevaniusta gambar qarabagimir mohsun navabiomar eldaroviToRrul narimanbekovi

2

1

3

4

5

a b g

Seamowme Seni Tavi

LAYİH

Ə

yvela eri

Semoqmediaxelovneba silamazisa da sibrZnis samyaroa.

yovel ers Taviseburi warmodgena aqvs

mSvenierebaze. xelovneba eris suls, mis

xasiaTsa da ocnebebs gamoxatavs.

TiToeuli eris kulturaSi silamazis,

sikeTisa da borotebis, saTnoebisa da

adamianurobis gamoxatva SemTxveviTi ki

ara, kanonzomieria. masSi yvelaferi

erTmaneTTanaa dakavSirebuli.

4

LAYİH

Ə

ioli gadasawyveti ar aris, Tu saidan jobs Cveni mogzaurobis daw-yeba. modiT, gavemgzavroT qveyanaSi, romelic mzis amosvlas pirveli egebeba!

warmoidgine ukidegano okeane da maRali mTebi wawvetebuli mwver-valebiT, romlebic TiTqos wylidan amozidula. es mwvervalebi wylis zedapirze kunZulebis jaWvs qmnis. kunZulebis mcxovreblebi TavianT qveyanas iamatos uwodebdnen, rac `mTebis gzas~ niSnavs. iaponia _ ase moixsenieben am qveyanas Cvens droSi.

iq Zalian notio havaa da xSirad icis nisli. Tu bunebas nislian amindSi daakvirdebi, SeiZleba gasaocari ram SeniSno: is, rac axlosaa, magaliTad, xis toti, zed dakidebuli brWyviala wveTebiT, msxvilad, mkveTrad moCans, xolo is, rac Sorsaa _ mqrqalad, movercxlisfrod,

amomavali mzis qveyana

iaponiis xelovneba

60 61

TiTqos msubuqi Crdili iyos.ase xedaven iaponelebi TavianT

peizaJs da swored ase uyvarT misi gamosaxva: zedmiwevniT zustad xa-taven wina xedis detalebs, xolo ukan gamosaxaven mTebis bundo-van siluetebs _ ukidegano samya-ros.Cveulebriv, aseT peizaJebze gvxv-deba leqsebis mokle nawyvetebi,

romlebic gansakuTrebuli kaligrafiuli xerxiTaa gamoyvanili.kaligrafia lamazad da gamomsaxvelad weris xelovnebaa. xelwera

Tavad gamoxatavs dawerilis ganwyobas.aseTi warwerebi funjiTa da Savi tuSiT gamohyavdaT grZel grag-

nilebze. iaponiaSi maTi kedlebze dakidebis tradicia dRemdea SemorCenili.

am qveyanaSi xelovnebis kidev erTi gansakuTrebuli saxeoba arse-bobs. yvavilebisa da totebisgan sxvadasxva kompoziciebis Sedgenis tradiciul iaponur xelovnebas ikebana ewodeba. zogjer ikebanas yva-vilebis skulpturas uwodeben.

peizaJi. tuSi.

23

kaligrafia.

qaRaldi. tuSi

bambuki. tuSi

tuSi

ikebanas magaliTebi

pagoda

mTagorian iaponiaSi xSirad icis

Zlieri qarebi da miwisZvrebi, amitom

saxlebis konstruqcia msubuqia.

kedlebis nacvlad saxlebSi gasawevi

Sirmebia. saxlis SigniTac yvelaferi

Zalian sadaa, TiTqmis araa aveji,

samagierod aris sivrcis SegrZneba.

pagoda _ iaponuri taZari, rome-lic natif koSks mogvagonebs. yovel sarTuls Tavisi saxuravi aqvs. am saxuravebis Tavisebu-reba zeviT aweuli kideebia. saxuravis boloebSi zogjer patara zanzalakebs kideben. maT qari aTamaSebs da awkrialebs.

gaecani

tradiciuli iaponuri saxli

sqema

vestibiuli

(veranda)

gasawevi kedlebi

_ SirmebiSida tixari

keriis

adgili

LAYİH

Ə

ioli gadasawyveti ar aris, Tu saidan jobs Cveni mogzaurobis daw-yeba. modiT, gavemgzavroT qveyanaSi, romelic mzis amosvlas pirveli egebeba!

warmoidgine ukidegano okeane da maRali mTebi wawvetebuli mwver-valebiT, romlebic TiTqos wylidan amozidula. es mwvervalebi wylis zedapirze kunZulebis jaWvs qmnis. kunZulebis mcxovreblebi TavianT qveyanas iamatos uwodebdnen, rac `mTebis gzas~ niSnavs. iaponia _ ase moixsenieben am qveyanas Cvens droSi.

iq Zalian notio havaa da xSirad icis nisli. Tu bunebas nislian amindSi daakvirdebi, SeiZleba gasaocari ram SeniSno: is, rac axlosaa, magaliTad, xis toti, zed dakidebuli brWyviala wveTebiT, msxvilad, mkveTrad moCans, xolo is, rac Sorsaa _ mqrqalad, movercxlisfrod,

amomavali mzis qveyana

iaponiis xelovneba

60 61

TiTqos msubuqi Crdili iyos.ase xedaven iaponelebi TavianT

peizaJs da swored ase uyvarT misi gamosaxva: zedmiwevniT zustad xa-taven wina xedis detalebs, xolo ukan gamosaxaven mTebis bundo-van siluetebs _ ukidegano samya-ros.Cveulebriv, aseT peizaJebze gvxv-deba leqsebis mokle nawyvetebi,

romlebic gansakuTrebuli kaligrafiuli xerxiTaa gamoyvanili.kaligrafia lamazad da gamomsaxvelad weris xelovnebaa. xelwera

Tavad gamoxatavs dawerilis ganwyobas.aseTi warwerebi funjiTa da Savi tuSiT gamohyavdaT grZel grag-

nilebze. iaponiaSi maTi kedlebze dakidebis tradicia dRemdea SemorCenili.

am qveyanaSi xelovnebis kidev erTi gansakuTrebuli saxeoba arse-bobs. yvavilebisa da totebisgan sxvadasxva kompoziciebis Sedgenis tradiciul iaponur xelovnebas ikebana ewodeba. zogjer ikebanas yva-vilebis skulpturas uwodeben.

peizaJi. tuSi.

23

kaligrafia.

qaRaldi. tuSi

bambuki. tuSi

ikebanas magaliTebi

pagoda

mTagorian iaponiaSi xSirad icis

Zlieri qarebi da miwisZvrebi, amitom

saxlebis konstruqcia msubuqia.

kedlebis nacvlad saxlebSi gasawevi

Sirmebia. saxlis SigniTac yvelaferi

Zalian sadaa, TiTqmis araa aveji,

samagierod aris sivrcis SegrZneba.

pagoda _ iaponuri taZari, rome-lic natif koSks mogvagonebs. yovel sarTuls Tavisi saxuravi aqvs. am saxuravebis Tavisebu-reba zeviT aweuli kideebia. saxuravis boloebSi zogjer patara zanzalakebs kideben. maT qari aTamaSebs da awkrialebs.

gaecani

tradiciuli iaponuri saxli

sqema

vestibiuli

(veranda)

gasawevi kedlebi

_ SirmebiSida tixari

keriis

adgili

LAYİH

Ə

iglu

Cumebs, romlebic asawyobadac advilia da adgilidan adgilze gadasatanadac. marTalia, isini Cvens alaCigs mogvagonebs, magram formiT sxvanairebia.

mTis sofeli mercxlis budes mogvagonebs. qvis qoxebi erTmane-Tis gverdiT da erTimeoris Tavze mijriTaa miwyobili. sofeli ki ar farTovdeba, simaRleSi `izrdeba~. sarkmlebiani karebi pirda-pir ezoSi gamodis. am nagebobebis brtyel saxuravebze zafxulis cxel RameebSi iZineben, dRisiT ki mzeze xils aSroben. axlodan mTis auli cixesimagres mogvagonebs, Soridan ki igi TiTqos kldeebsa da qedebis mkveTr xazebs erwymis.

CrdiloeTis, mTebisa da stepebis

mkvidri xalxebi nagebobebis mravalgvaroba. cxovrebis wesi

24iaponeli qalis tradiciul samoss kimono ewo-

deba. kimonos grZeli, farTo saxeloebi aqvs, zurg-

ze ki _ mdidruli bafTa. kimonos silamaze mis moxa-

tulobaSia.

iaponiis mcxovreblebi dResac icaven tradici-

uli dResasawaulebis wes-Cveulebebs. maTi yvelaze

sayvareli dResaswauli sakuras (alublis) yvavilo-

baa. es aris gazafxulisa da siymawvilis dResaswau-

li, romelzec iaponelebi midian bunebisgan nabo-

Zebi mSvenierebiT dasatkbobad.

davalebaSeqmeni naxati, romelic iaponeli xalxis Cveulebebs asaxavs. SegiZlia da-xato iaponeli qalis saxe, iaponuri saxli, pagoda, toti an ayvavebuli saku-ras baRi, an, ubralod, iaponuri peizaJi.

maral raxmanzade.

sofeli xinaligi

Cumi iaranga

ra Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs iaponur xelovnebas (gamosaxulebebSi, samka-ulSi da SenobebSi)? ra saerTo da gansxvavebuli nakvTebi SeiZleba davinaxoT azerbaijaneli da iaponeli qalebis saxeebSi?

akvareli, guaSi, flomasterebi, pastelis carcebi

da cecxlsac anTeben. mkacri yinva garedan iglus dadnobis saSualebas ar aZlevs.

CrdiloeTis sxva xalxi _ ZiriTadad meirmeebi da monadireebi _ irmis tyavebisgan ageben momrg-valebuli formis iarangebs da wawvetebuli formis

ramdenad mravalferovanicaa Cveni planetis buneba, imdenadve gan-sxvavebulia sxvadasxva xalxis cxovrebis pirobebi.

adamianebma ukve didi xania iswavles cxovreba rogorc mTebSi, ise dablobebze _ mdinareebis piras, civ, Tovlian adgilebSic da ga-varvarebul qviSian udabnoebSic. isini Seeguen bunebriv pirobebs da moaxerxes sakuTari adamianuri samyaros Seqmna.

adamians, sadac ar unda cxovrobdes igi, aucileblad sWirdeba sacxovrebeli. sacxovreblis tipi, pirvel rigSi, damokidebulia ima-ze, Tu rogori pirobebia irgvliv _ sicxea Tu sicive, mTiani adgilia Tu vake, magram yvelaze mniSvnelovania is samSeneblo masala, romel-sac saxlis asagebad gamoiyeneben. ioli warmosadgenia saxli, rome-lic xiT, qviT an aguriTaa nagebi. magram, rogori warmogidgeniaT yinulisgan agebuli saxli?

Tovlisa da qarbuqisgan Tavdasacavad CrdiloeTis mkvidri eskimo-sebi ageben iglus _ yinulisgan gamoTlili mozrdili lodebisgan awyobil mrgval saxls. iglus SigniT yvelafers bewveuliT faraven

kaligrafiuli

nawarmoebi

gaecaniiaponuri saxlis interieris elementebi

gasaxsneli Sirma (farda)

CarCo, romelzec

naWeria gadaWimuli,

dasakeci tixari.kimono

kimono _ iaponeli qalis

tradiciuli samosi

ikebana

62 63

LAYİH

Ə

papanaqeba sicxe da uwyloba steps udabnod aqcevs. gavarvarebul

qviSaze, damskdar mlaSobze gaWirvebiT miizlazneba qaravani. grZe-

li gzisgan daqanculi mgzavrebis Tvalwin uecrad Cndeba qalaqis

gumbaTebis bundovani silutebi. es aris qalaqi, romelic uzarmazar

zRaprul sasaxles mogvagonebs.

uamravi didi da patara, mzeze nairferad mocimcime mocisfro-fi-ruzisferi gumbaTi qalaqis siluets qmnis. aseT qalaqs safuZvelic myari aqvs da zrda-ganviTarebasac agrZelebs, radgan aq aris wyali. misken moemarTeba saqaravno gzebi. vaWrebs aq dasveneba da erTmaneT-Tan Sexvedra SeuZliaT, es ki vaWrobas niSnavs. amitom savaWro moe-dani xmaurian da xalxmraval aRmosavlur bazars warmoadgens. moe-dans gars xelosnebis fardulebi akravs. aq daxelovnebuli ostate-bis mier damzadebuli uamravi nivTia: vercxlisa da spilenZis Wur-Weli, fialebi, natifi wvrilyeliani Tixis qoTnebi, datvifruli tyavis qamrebi, zardaxSebi, aTasnairi feris qsovilebi, xaliCebi…

marTalia, es nivTebi sada formisaa, magram maTi zedapiri orna-mentis rTuli moxatulobiTaa dafaruli. foTlebi, yvavilebi da yva-vilis furclebi, rombebi, varskvlavebi gafantuli sxivebiT, war-werebi _ ucnaur, mimzidvel moxatulobas qmnis.

aRmosavluri qalaqis ieri

qalaqebi udabnoSi25

ra arqiteqturuli Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs CrdiloeTisa da stepis mkvidrTa sacxovreblebs?ra saerTo niSnebi aqvs sxvadasxva xalxis iurtebs?

davalebadaxate naxati, romelic gamosaxavs CrdiloeTis, mTebisa an stepebis mkvid-rTa cxovrebis wess. Seecade, naxatSi gadmosce CrdiloeTis mkacri yinva, ukidegano stepebis silamaze an mTebis sidiade. ar dagaviwydes nagebobebis saxasiaTo niSnebis gadmocema.

iurta

xaliCebis fragmentebi,

romlebic iurtaSi gamoiyeneba.

qalaqi Sua aziaSi. buxara

akvareli, guaSi, flomasterebi, pastelis carcebi

stepebSi rogorRa cxovroben? stepi yvela mimarTu-lebiTaa gadaWimuli. balaxis ukidegano safari xaliCa-saviT efineba qarebiT gadasworebul damrec gorakebs. siCumes mxolod qaris zuzuni arRvevs. usasrulo ste-pebze zamTar-zafxul aZoveben Sinauri cxovelebis mra-valricxovan jogebs. amitomac arian stepebis mkvidrni mecxoveleebi. maT momTabareebs uwodeben, radganac is-ini dausruleblad gadaadgildebian ukidegano stepeb-Si. stepis mcxovreblebi marjve mojiriTeebi arian. yo-veli maTgani Zalian ufrTxildeba Tavis cxens.

momTabareni TavianT sacxovrebels cxvris matylis-gan ̀ ageben~. matylisgan akeTeben qeCas, qsoven xaliCebs, raTa isini Tbil kedlebad aqcion. amgvar msubuq, dasaS-lel-asawyob nagebobas iurta ewodeba. iurtis, iseve masSi arsebuli yoveli nivTis, morTuloba garkveuli azrs atarebs: ornamentebis mizania, daicvas saxli avi Tvalisagan da moizidos iRbali. es ornamentebi _ niSan-simboloebi _ Soreuli warsulidan modis, rodesac Tay-vans scemdnen cas, mzesa da varskvlavebs.

iurtis SigniT iataksa da kedlebs Tbili, feradovani xali-CebiT faraven. maT ornamentebSi Warbobs wiTeli feri _ sixarulisa da gazafxulis simbolo. yinvian zam-TarSi, wvimian Semodgomaze da cxel zafxulSi iurta adamianis saimedo damcvelia. maTTvis, vinc momTabare cxovrebas eweva, iurta yvelaze mosaxerxebeli saxlia.

aRmosavleli daxelovnebuli

ostatebis mier damzadebuli nivTebi.

64 65

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Zveli elada

Zveli saberZneTis xelovneba

26saubari im qveyanaze, romlis xelovnebamac gansakuTrebuli ze-

gavlena moaxdina msoflio kulturaze, albaT, umjobesia misi sa-xelwodebidan daviwyoT. elada _ ase uwodebdnen TavianT qveyanas misi mcxovreblebi, sakuTar Tavs ki _ elinebs (miTuri winapris, elinis saxelis mixedviT). mogvianebiT am qveyanas Zveli saberZne-Ti uwodes.

Zvelma berZnebma pirvelebma daafases da xotba Seasxes adamianis sxeulis si-lamazes, misi nebisyofis Zalasa da go-nierebas. da TavianTi warmodgena Rmer-Tebze adamianis mSvenieri gamosaxule-biT gamoxates. RmerTebis pativsacemad Zveli berZnebi taZrebs agebdnen. sadac

rogori WurWeli da samkauli SeiZleba Segvxvdes aRmosavlur bazarSi?

registanis kompleqsi. buxara

ar unda aegoT es nagebobebi, iqneboda es dablobi Tu zRvis sanapiro, isini peizaJis mSveneba xdeboda. RmerTebis pativsacemad elinebi did panaTenur dResaswaulebs marTavdnen.

am dResaswaulis mTavari movlena sazeimo msvleloba iyo. igi gan-Tiadisas iwyeboda. modiodnen gvirgvinebiT morTuli adamianebi, ymawvilebi cxenebiT jiriTobdnen, qalwulebs mohqondaT ZRveni, romelSic gamoirCeoda qalRmerT aTenas uzarmazari moqarguli sa-burveli. dResaswaulis mTavari monawileebi axalgazrda gogonebi iyvnen. maTSi sixarulisa da mxiarulebis gamoxatulebas xedavdnen.

magram yvelaze did dResaswaulad Zvel saberZneTSi olimpiuri TamaSebi iTvleboda. maTi Catarebis dros qveyanaSi `saRvTo zavi~ cxaddeboda. TamaSebisTvis grandiozul nagebobebs aSenebdnen. erT-erTi maTgania taZari, romelic yvelaze Zlevamosili RmerTis, zevsis saxels atarebs.

aseTive momajadoebeli ornamentebiTaa dafaruli Senobebis is

kedlebi, romlebic moedanze gamodis. Tixisgan agebuli kedlebi sak-

maod sqelia, magram maT masiurobas mozaika da qvis aJuruli Cuqur-

Tma niRbavs. TvalSisacemia win gamoweuli, mdidrulad moxatuli

portali _ Sesasvleli karibWe.

udabnos gamomwvari yviTeli qviSis fonze piedestalze Semodgmu-

li ZeglebiviT veeberTela kaSkaSa firuzisferi, zurmuxtiviT mwvane

gumbaTebi mzis sxivebs ireklaven da oqros bzinvarebiT anaTeben.

A4 formatis TeTri qaRaldi, feradi qaRaldi, flomasterebi

6766

davalebaferadi qaRaldisgan gamoWeri Zveli aRmosavluri qalaqis siluetebi

da qaRaldis furcelze daawebe. flomasterebiT gaaferade kedlebis

aJuruli CuqurTma. wina xedze gamosaxe xalxmravali da xmauriani

bazari.

LAYİH

Ə

Zveli elada

Zveli saberZneTis xelovneba

26 Zveli elada

Zveli saberZneTis xelovneba Zveli saberZneTis xelovneba Zveli saberZneTis xelovneba Zveli saberZneTis xelovneba

saubari im qveyanaze, romlis xelovnebamac gansakuTrebuli ze-gavlena moaxdina msoflio kulturaze, albaT, umjobesia misi sa-xelwodebidan daviwyoT. elada _ ase uwodebdnen TavianT qveyanas misi mcxovreblebi, sakuTar Tavs ki _ elinebs (miTuri winapris, elinis saxelis mixedviT). mogvianebiT am qveyanas Zveli saberZne-Ti uwodes.

Zvelma berZnebma pirvelebma daafases da xotba Seasxes adamianis sxeulis si-lamazes, misi nebisyofis Zalasa da go-nierebas. da TavianTi warmodgena Rmer-Tebze adamianis mSvenieri gamosaxule-biT gamoxates. RmerTebis pativsacemad Zveli berZnebi taZrebs agebdnen. sadac

rogori WurWeli da samkauli SeiZleba Segvxvdes aRmosavlur bazarSi?

registanis kompleqsi. buxara

ar unda aegoT es nagebobebi, iqneboda es dablobi Tu zRvis sanapiro, isini peizaJis mSveneba xdeboda. RmerTebis pativsacemad elinebi did panaTenur dResaswaulebs marTavdnen.

am dResaswaulis mTavari movlena sazeimo msvleloba iyo. igi gan-Tiadisas iwyeboda. modiodnen gvirgvinebiT morTuli adamianebi, ymawvilebi cxenebiT jiriTobdnen, qalwulebs mohqondaT ZRveni, romelSic gamoirCeoda qalRmerT aTenas uzarmazari moqarguli sa-burveli. dResaswaulis mTavari monawileebi axalgazrda gogonebi iyvnen. maTSi sixarulisa da mxiarulebis gamoxatulebas xedavdnen.

magram yvelaze did dResaswaulad Zvel saberZneTSi olimpiuri TamaSebi iTvleboda. maTi Catarebis dros qveyanaSi `saRvTo zavi~ cxaddeboda. TamaSebisTvis grandiozul nagebobebs aSenebdnen. erT-erTi maTgania taZari, romelic yvelaze Zlevamosili RmerTis, zevsis saxels atarebs.

aseTive momajadoebeli ornamentebiTaa dafaruli Senobebis is

kedlebi, romlebic moedanze gamodis. Tixisgan agebuli kedlebi sak-

maod sqelia, magram maT masiurobas mozaika da qvis aJuruli Cuqur-

Tma niRbavs. TvalSisacemia win gamoweuli, mdidrulad moxatuli

portali _ Sesasvleli karibWe.

udabnos gamomwvari yviTeli qviSis fonze piedestalze Semodgmu-

li ZeglebiviT veeberTela kaSkaSa firuzisferi, zurmuxtiviT mwvane

gumbaTebi mzis sxivebs ireklaven da oqros bzinvarebiT anaTeben.

A4 formatis TeTri qaRaldi, feradi qaRaldi, flomasterebi

6766

davalebaferadi qaRaldisgan gamoWeri Zveli aRmosavluri qalaqis siluetebi

da qaRaldis furcelze daawebe. flomasterebiT gaaferade kedlebis

aJuruli CuqurTma. wina xedze gamosaxe xalxmravali da xmauriani

bazari.

LAYİH

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6968

rogoria Zveli eladis nagebobebis saxasiaTo niSnebi? ra informaciis mowodeba SeuZliaT elinebis Sesaxeb ZvelberZnul larnakebs?

davalebajgufurad SeqmeniT pano ̀ olimpiuri TamaSebi Zvel saberZneTSi~. SeecadeT, aCvenoT buneba, taZrebi, adamianTa siluetebi da berZnuli larnakebi, rom-lebic olimpiuri TamaSebis gamarjvebulebs gadaecemoda. samuSao erTma-neTSi gadainawileT.

larnakmwerebi Cveulebriv yofiT scenebs larnakebze iseTi osta-

tobiT gamosaxavdnen, rom larnaki xelovnebis namdvili nimuSi xde-

boda. mxolod eladis xelovnebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli yovel-

dRiurobis poetur saxeebad gadaqceva.

gaecanilarnakebs mowiTalo feris Tixisgan amzadebdnen. Tavidan naxats larnakze Savi laqiT xatavdnen. mogvianebiT piriqiT keTeba iswavles: moxatulobis fons Savi laqiT faravdnen, gamosaxulebebis figurebi ki Tixis feris rCeboda.

larnakweris fragmenti

ZvelberZnuli larnakebi

guaSi, flomasterebi, pastelis carcebi

Znelia ipovo ostatebi, romlebsac Zveli berZnebiviT uzadod Se-eZloT arqiteqturasa da qandakebaSi proporciebis sizustisa da formebis wonasworobis gamoxatva. dResac samyaros yvela mxatvari saxviTi xelovnebis saidumloebas berZnuli qandakebebis mixedviT eufleba.

eqskursiaparTenoni RirsSesaniSnav nagebobad iTvleba. berZnul enaze es sityva `qalwul aTenas taZars~ niSnavs. es taZari qalaq aTenis flatovan maRlobze, akropolSi (niSnavs `zeda qalaqs~) iyo agebuli. akropolis centralur moedanze aRmarTulia qalaqis mfarvelis, brZeni qalRmerTis, aTenas qandakeba. akropolis moedanze, parTenonis pirdapir, erexTeionis taZari mdebareobs, romelic kidev ufro metad aZlierebs parTenonis didebulebas.

Zveli saberZneTis yvelaze qalRmerTi

aTena

qalRmerTi

qalaq aTenis maRlobi _ akropoli

erexTeioni parTenoni

ra SeiZleba SevityoT elinebis yoveldRiuri yofis Sesaxeb? amaze amforebi _ berZnuli larnakebi _ mogviTxroben. naxatebi Zvel ber-Znul larnakebze larnakweris umSvenieresi nimuSebia. es gamosaxu-lebebi xazs usvams WurWlis formis silamazes.

LAYİH

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6968

rogoria Zveli eladis nagebobebis saxasiaTo niSnebi? ra informaciis mowodeba SeuZliaT elinebis Sesaxeb ZvelberZnul larnakebs?

davalebajgufurad SeqmeniT pano ̀ olimpiuri TamaSebi Zvel saberZneTSi~. SeecadeT, aCvenoT buneba, taZrebi, adamianTa siluetebi da berZnuli larnakebi, rom-lebic olimpiuri TamaSebis gamarjvebulebs gadaecemoda. samuSao erTma-neTSi gadainawileT.

larnakmwerebi Cveulebriv yofiT scenebs larnakebze iseTi osta-

tobiT gamosaxavdnen, rom larnaki xelovnebis namdvili nimuSi xde-

boda. mxolod eladis xelovnebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli yovel-

dRiurobis poetur saxeebad gadaqceva.

gaecanilarnakebs mowiTalo feris Tixisgan amzadebdnen. Tavidan naxats larnakze Savi laqiT xatavdnen. mogvianebiT piriqiT keTeba iswavles: moxatulobis fons Savi laqiT faravdnen, gamosaxulebebis figurebi ki Tixis feris rCeboda.

larnakweris fragmenti

ZvelberZnuli larnakebi

guaSi, flomasterebi, pastelis carcebi

Znelia ipovo ostatebi, romlebsac Zveli berZnebiviT uzadod Se-eZloT arqiteqturasa da qandakebaSi proporciebis sizustisa da formebis wonasworobis gamoxatva. dResac samyaros yvela mxatvari saxviTi xelovnebis saidumloebas berZnuli qandakebebis mixedviT eufleba.

eqskursiaparTenoni RirsSesaniSnav nagebobad iTvleba. berZnul enaze es sityva `qalwul aTenas taZars~ niSnavs. es taZari qalaq aTenis flatovan maRlobze, akropolSi (niSnavs `zeda qalaqs~) iyo agebuli. akropolis centralur moedanze aRmarTulia qalaqis mfarvelis, brZeni qalRmerTis, aTenas qandakeba. akropolis moedanze, parTenonis pirdapir, erexTeionis taZari mdebareobs, romelic kidev ufro metad aZlierebs parTenonis didebulebas.

Zveli saberZneTis yvelaze qalRmerTi

aTena

qalaq aTenis maRlobi _ akropoli

erexTeioni parTenoni

ra SeiZleba SevityoT elinebis yoveldRiuri yofis Sesaxeb? amaze amforebi _ berZnuli larnakebi _ mogviTxroben. naxatebi Zvel ber-Znul larnakebze larnakweris umSvenieresi nimuSebia. es gamosaxu-lebebi xazs usvams WurWlis formis silamazes.

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aseTi quCebi Sesabamis saxelebs atarebda: mWedlebis, feiqrebis, me-Tuneebis da a.S.

yvelaze lamazi da mdidruli nagebobebi centralur moedanze ga-modioda.

qalaqis yvela mcxovrebi _ warCinebuli adamianebi, raindebi, mRv-delmsaxurebi, swavlulebi da ostatebi _ Tavisi saqmiT iyo dakave-buli. sxvadasxva profesiisa da saqmianobis adamianebi sxvadasxvag-varad icvamdnen. mdidrebis tanisamosi feradovani iyo, Raribebs ki ekrZalebodaT kaSkaSa tanisamosis tareba. tanisamosis feri da mor-

7170

Sua saukuneebis evropuli qalaqebi

gotikuri qalaqis saxe

evropis bevr qalaqs Sua saukuneebSi Caeyara safuZveli da isini dRemde inarCuneben Zvelebur iers. es gansakuTrebiT qalaqis centrs exeba.

Sua saukuneebi aris drois monakveTi Zvelsa da Tanamedrove samya-ros Soris, romelSic Cven vcxovrobT. Sua saukuneebis evropuli qalaqis taZrebs gotikurs uwodeben. gotikuri xuroTmoZRvrebis mTavari idea simaRlisken swrafvaa. qalaqis nagebobebs Soris taZari Tavisi didebulebiT gamoirCeoda, zeaRmarTuli koSkebiTa da wve-tiani gumbaTiT (SpiliT). misi fasadis qveda nawilSi, romelic moe-dnis mxares gamodioda, portalebi _ Sesasvlelebi mdebareobda. taZris qvis aJuruli konstruqciebi vitraJebiTaa morTuli _ es aris feradi minebi, romlebic fanjris sivrces avsebs. vitraJi Sebekes hgavs, magram vitraJis fragmentebis SemaerTebeli samagrebi meta-lisaa da ara xis.

vitraJi

portali

Spili

notr-damis taZari.

parizi

Sua saukuneebis qalaqi. Zmebi limburgebis miniatura. fragmenti

27

viwro, oRro-CoRro quCebze mijriT Camwkrivebuli saxlebis orferda saxu-ravebi, simaRleSi ̀ izrdeboda~. zogierT quCaze erTi da imave xelobis adamianebi cxovrobdnen.

wmindanTa

qandakebebi

Tuloba imaze mianiSnebda, Tu ras saq-mianobda misi mflobeli. samosSi, ise-

Sua saukunebis tanisamosi

wveuleba Sua saukuneebSi

rogor gamoiyureboda evropuli qalaqebi Sua saukuneebSi?ra ganasxvavebda Zvel azerbaijanul qalaqebs evropis qalaqebisgan?

davalebaTanaklaselebTan erTad SeqmeniT Sua saukuneebis evropuli qalaqis cen-traluri moednis pano. ar dagaviwydeT gotikuri taZrisa da moseirne mo-qalaqeebis gamosaxva.

akvareli, guaSi, pastelis carcebi, flomasterebi

gaecani

1fasadi (franguli sityva) _ saxe, ieri. Senobis wina nawili, romelic, Cveulebriv, quCaze gamodioda.

gotikuri taZrebi qalaqis viwro quCebisTvis iyo Seqmnili. koSkebis dide-buli Spilebi cisken iyo atyorcnili. fasadis qvemo nawilSi ganTav-sebuli iyo portali wmindanebis qandakebebiT.

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72

Seamowme Seni Tavi

1. daasaxele da gviambe, ra ici am nagebobebis Sesaxeb?

2. romeli qveynis xelovnebas miekuTvneba es nivTebi?

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1-nacili-5€¦ · ganxilva inteleqtualuri maratoni saxviti xelovneba 4 saxelmzrvanelo...

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