1 job hazard analysis oshacademy course 706 conducting a job hazard analysis (jha)
TRANSCRIPT
3Job Hazard Analysis
Given the information and exercises in this workshop, you will be able to:
1. Explain to others why JHAs are important2. Describe the five-step JHA procedure 3. Conduct a simple JHA
Goals
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What is a Job Hazard Analysis?
Is the employer required to conduct a JHA?
Why is the JHA important?
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• Conduct a job review
• Review accident history
• Involve employees
Why involve employees in the JHA?
Step 1 - Prepare to conduct the JHA
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List Hazardous Tasks
List TasksList Tasks
Prioritize TasksPrioritize Tasks
ProbabilityProbability SeveritySeverity
Identify HazardsIdentify Hazards
Risk Analysis
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What tasks are appropriate for a job hazard analysis?
Priority should go to the following types of jobs:
• Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates
• Jobs with the potential to cause severe or disabling injuries or illness, even if there is no history of previous accidents
• Jobs in which one simple human error could lead to a severe accident or injury
• Jobs that are new to your operation or have undergone changes in processes and procedures
• Jobs complex enough to require written instructions
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Exercise 1: Discuss the various tasks where you work. Make a list of six tasks on the Exercise Worksheet.
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Prioritize Hazardous Tasks
Determine which tasks that are:
• most likely going to cause injury or illness• going to cause the most severe injury or
illness
Analyze the "Worst First"
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Risk is a function of Probability, and Severity
• What is the probability?
• What is the severity?
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Factors that increase risk
• The number of employees exposed• The frequency and duration of exposure• The proximity of employees to the point of
danger• Potential severity of the injury or illness• Unreasonable workload• Working under stress
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The Risk Assessment Matrix
PR
OB
AB
ILIT
YL
ow
Pro
bab
ility
Hig
h
Low Medium HighSEVERITY
clean lights
paint wall
wash windows
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Rating _____
ProbabilityThe likelihood of injury or illness. Rating
Is the most likely and expected result if employee enters dangerzone. 10
Is quite possible, would not be unusual, has an even 50/50 chance. 6
Would be unusual sequence or coincidence 3
Would be remotely possible coincidence. It has been known to have happened 1
Extremely remote but conceivably possible. Has never happened after many years of exposure. .5
Practically impossible sequence or coincidence. A “one in a million” possibility. Has never happened in spite of exposure over many years. .1
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Rating ______
SeverityThe most likely result - degree of Severity of Consequences Rating
Major Catastrophe: Numerous fatalities; extensive damage (over $1M); major disruption 100
Several fatalities; damage $500K to $1M 50
Fatality; damage $100K to $500K 30
Extremely serious injury; (amputation, permanent disability); damage $1,000 to $100,000 20
Disabling injuries; damage up to $1,000 10
Minor cuts, bruises, bumps; minor damage 1
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Step Two - Break the job down into a series of steps
• What is a step?
• Each step describes an ____________________Action!
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• Be sure to record enough information
• Avoid making the breakdown of steps too detailed
• Get input from other workers
• Review the job steps with the employee
• Point out that you are evaluating the job itself, not the employee’s job performance
• Include the employee in all phases of the analysis
• Photograph or videotape the worker performing the job
Tips on conducting a JHA
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Exercise 3: Using the JHA Worksheet, discuss and develop steps for one of the jobs listed in the workbook. You can choose another job if you want.
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Step Three - Describe the hazards in each step
Hazards and Exposure A hazard is an unsafe ______________ that could cause injury or illness to an employee.
Condition
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What is exposure?
Exposure usually refers to an employee's placement relative to the hazard’s _______________________
If the employee is within the danger zone, the employee is exposed.
Danger Zone
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• Is there danger of striking against, being struck by, or otherwise making harmful contact with an object?
• Can the worker be caught in, by, or between objects?
• Is there potential for a slip or trip?
• Can the employee fall from one level to another or even on the same level?
• Can pushing, pulling, lifting, lowering, bending, or twisting cause strain?
Don't forget to look for potential hazards
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• Is the work environment hazardous to safety or health?
• Are there concentrations of toxic gas, vapor, fumes, or dust?
• Are there potential exposures to heat, cold, noise, or ionizing radiation?
• Are there flammable, explosive, or electrical hazards?
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Common Hazards and Descriptions
ChemicalExplosion ElectricalErgonomicsExcavation FallFire/HeatMechanical
NoiseRadiationStruck byStruck againstTemperatureVisibilityWeather
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What kind of hazards do we have in this procedure?
What kind of accident may happen?
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Exercise 4: Using the JHA form, list the hazards and possible accidents that might result in each step in your JHA.
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How do I correct or prevent hazards?
1. Engineering Controls
2. Management Controls
3. Personal Protective Equipment
4. Temporary measures
Step Four - Develop Preventive Measures
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Exercise 5: Using the JHA form, identify and list preventive measures in each step of the task.
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Step Five - Write the Safe Job Procedure
Points to remember
• Write in a step-by-step format• Paint a word picture - concrete vs. abstract• Write the narrative in the first person • Write in the present tense • Write as clearly as possible - use not utilize• Remind the worker why it’s important• Include notes, cautions, warnings• Write at 8th grade level
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EXERCISE 6: Using the worksheet below, write a safe job procedure for your team’s task. Evaluate the SJP using the criteria discussed on the previous page.
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Reviewing the JHA
• Periodically reviewing your job hazard analysis ensures that it remains current and continues to help reduce workplace accidents and injuries.
• Even if the job has not changed, it is possible that during the review process you will identify hazards that were not identified in the initial analysis.
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Reviewing the JHA
• Review your job hazard analysis if an illness or injury occurs on a specific job.
• Any time you revise a job hazard analysis, it is important to train all employees affected by the changes in the new job methods, procedures, or protective measures adopted.
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Use the JHA as a lesson plan
• To get more value out of the JHA program, consider using the completed JHA as a lesson plan when training new employees.
• Doing so helps guarantee safe job procedures are taught from the start.
JHA
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Get employees involved
• Its' so important to involve employees in developing JHAs to increase ownership.
• Employees use their own procedures when not being directly supervised.
• Doesn't it make sense to involve employees in developing safe job procedures so that when they are not being supervised, they'll use them!