1 introduction to xml
DESCRIPTION
XML-XMLTRANSCRIPT
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Roots of XML – EDI Technology
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EDI and XML XML is a data description language
It has its roots in EDI
EDI technology is still in use, but is being replaced with XML
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What is EDI? Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Related to the history of XML Document exchange standard
e.g. Purchase Order (PO), Sales Order (SO) Documents are inter-related
But their formats differ! Aims at:
Making formats uniform Document exchanges easier
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EDI Example Company A wants to buy spare
parts from company B Company A prepares a Purchase
Order (PO) Sends it to company B Company B sends the goods, and a
Sales Order (SO) to B Formats of the SO and the PO differ
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Sample EDI DocumentInterchange Control Header – Electronic Envelope
Functional Group Header – Purchase OrderTransaction Set Header – Purchase Order A100
Data Segment Header – SourceData Element – Terms of TransactionData Element – Date and Time
Data Segment Header – DetailsData Element – Item NumberData Element – Item DescriptionData Element – Item QuantityData Element – Item Price
Transaction Set Footer – Purchase Order A100Functional Group Footer – Purchase Order……
Interchange Control Header – Electronic Envelope
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EDI and the Internet
Web browser
XML
EDI VAN Provider
ASC X12
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XML Theory
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Introduction to XML 9
History of XML Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)
Quite complex Defines markup to represent logical
structure of documents Independent of technologies and platforms Meta language (Language for describing
other languages)
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What was there before XML? Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
Tagging language Used for displaying text in Web browsers Quite simple to code Example
<H1> Fruit description </H1><P> Color = Red </P>…
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Problems with HTML – 1 No syntax checking
No provision for validating HTML documents
No structure Display-related characteristics are
considered and nothing else
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Problems with HTML – 2 Not content-aware
Use of tags such as <H3> instead of <Name>
Not international Based on ASCII, so limited language
support (XML is Unicode-based)
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Problems with HTML – 3 Not suitable for data interchange
Very little information inside a document is identified
Not object-oriented Programmers with OO skills find it
difficult to deal with HTML
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Why XML? Gels well with existing Web
protocols such as HTTP and MIME Supports a wide variety of
applications Has programming support Optional features are minimum XML documents are easier to read
for humans
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Problems with Data Exchange Application-related
Problems solved by EDI, but other problems raised (Cost, Infrastructure, etc)
Technology-related Incompatible technologies used
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Technology-related Problems
Organization X
Oracle
Organization Y
IMS
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Technology-related Problems
Organization X
Oracle
Organization Y
IMSText Text
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Technology-related Problems
Organization X
Oracle
Organization Y
IMSEDI EDI
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Technology-related Problems
Organization X
Oracle
Organization Y
IMSXML XML
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XML Features Modularity
Structure of XML documents can be decided based on needs
Extensibility Linking physically different
documents is possible Data orientation
Focus is on data, so is machine-friendly
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XML Example<?xml version=“1.0”?><address-book>
<entry><name>
<first> Ram </first><last> Joshi </last>
</name><address>
<building> Navi Peth </building><house-number> 304 </house-number><city> Pune </city><pin> 411001 </pin>
</address><res-phone> 27289103 </res-phone><mobile> 93292-91010 </mobile><email> [email protected]</email>
</entry></address-book>
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Hierarchy of Data XML presents data in the form of a
hierarchyBook
ChapterSectionParagraphSentenceWordCharacter
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Output of the XML Document
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In HTML, it would be …<HTML><HEAD>
<H3> Ram </H3><H3> Joshi </H3><H4> Navi Peth </H4><H4> 304 </H4><H4> Pune <H4><H4> 411001 </H4></Head>
</HTML>
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Another XML Example<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><examination> <student> <roll_number>1</roll_number> <student_name>Harish</student_name> <course>Msc</course> <total_marks>275</total_marks> <out_of>400</out_of> <rank>5</rank> </student> <student> <roll_number>2</roll_number> <student_name>Jyotsna</student_name> <course>Msc</course> <total_marks>283</total_marks> <out_of>400</out_of> <rank>4</rank> </student> <student> <roll_number>3</roll_number> <student_name>Bhupendra</student_name> <course>Msc</course> <total_marks>251</total_marks> <out_of>400</out_of> <rank>7</rank> </student> <student> <roll_number>4</roll_number> <student_name>Senthil</student_name> <course>Msc</course> <total_marks>271</total_marks> <out_of>400</out_of> <rank>14</rank> </student></examination>
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Thank you!
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