01 - xml - introduction to xml
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
1/100
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
eXtensible Markup Language
Foundation, Technologies & Applications
eXtensible Markup Language Phan Vo Minh Thang
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
2/100
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XML is an Acronym standing for:eXtensible Markup Language
XML is fast becoming the new Internet
standard for information exchange. Forcomplex information reuse, XML is the
technology of choice
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
3/100
3
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
4/1004
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
5/1005
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XML Lectures Notes Introduction to XML
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
6/1006
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XML Lectures Notes Introduction to XML
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
7/1007
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XML Lectures Notes Introduction to XML
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
8/100
8
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
9/100
9
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
10/100
10
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
< e s o 0 > < ate a > ectu es otes t oduct o to
Why use XML?
It is a universally accepted standard way ofstructuring data (syntax).
It is a W3C recommendation (W3C = World WideWeb Consortium)
The marketplace supports it with a lot of
free/inexpensive tools.
The alternative to using XML is to define your own
proprietary data syntax, and then build your ownproprietary tools to support the proprietary syntax(Not a very appealing idea).
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
11/100
11
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Alphabet Soup
Whats with all the different markup languages? SGML
HTML XML
XHTML
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
12/100
12
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
A Brief History of XML
First SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) The grandfather of all markup languages
An ISO standard for markup of text, Adopted in1986
SGML describes the logical structure of a document, its components,and their relationship to each other, not how the document should beformatted (Separates content from presentation and format)
Conform to a formal model DTD (Data Type Definition)Documents are regarded as having types defined by DTD
Disadvantages of SGML
Comprehensive but very complex and is difficult to learn and apply.SGML tools have traditionally been very expensive.
SGML has been primarily a technology for print publishing
Developed at IBM by Goldfarb, Mosher & Lorie in 1969
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
13/100
13
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
A Brief History of XML (Cont.)
Then HTML, language of Web an simplified applicationof SGML
HTML is a fixed tag set. You cannot add your own tags to HTML.
HTML is designed for display (in Web browser). It is not effectivefor print or other formats.
HTML is static. Its display is fixed, so providing information in
different ways based on user request is difficult. HTML is not structural (with the exception of lists and tables). It's
primarily a linear presentation markup
HTML is not really a standard. Browser vendors have created theirown proprietary codes, which impedes standardization
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
14/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
15/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
16/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
17/100
17
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Design Goals of XML
XML will be designed for use on the Internet, but shallsupport a wide variety of applications (such as Web-basedpublishing and e-commerce)
XML will be based on and compatible with SGML XML keeps the best of SGML and reduces the complexity
It will be easy to write programs that processes XML
documents XML documents will be easy to create, readable without
specialized tools, and reasonably clear
XML is in ASCII (or text) format
The design of XML will be formal and concise
XML is a precise standard
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
18/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
19/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
20/100
20
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
HTML has limited structure
Restricted to a fixed set of tags Isnt extensible for specific applications
Presents barriers for Reuse in multiple formats
Interchange between applications or programs Automation or ability to process programmatically
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
21/100
21
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Revert to using SGML?
SGML overcomes HTMLs drawbacks Information model of freedom and extensibility
Write once, reuse many times
Future-proof, platform-proof
Validation for completeness and correctness
Infinite possibilities for expressing information (infinite tag set)
SGML has its problems:
Its complex and difficult to learn and use
Theres no mainstream browser support
Plus SGML only standardizes structure
Includes no support for styles
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
22/100
22
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XML to the Rescue
XML was invented in 1997 to enable the delivery of SGMLinformation over the Web
Well-behaved subset of SGML
Stricter rules drive consistency
Enables machine-to-machine communications
SGML --, not HTML ++ Retains the power and flexibility of SGML without the complexity
A World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standard
Has overwhelming vendor support
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
23/100
23
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
W3C is responsible for the development of Webspecifications (recommendations) that describecommunication protocols and the technologies for theWeb.
Role of W3C in defining XML related specifications
W3C has laid down certain rules that need to be followed by allXML applications. Listed below are some of these rules:
XML must be directly usable over the Internet.
XML must support a wide variety of applications.
XML must be compatible with SGML.
Offical website is at http://www.w3c.org
Introduction to World Wide Web Consortium
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
24/100
24
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Introduction to World Wide Web Consortium (Contd.)
The number of optional features in XML needs to be keptto the absolute minimum, ideally zero.
XML documents must be human-legible and clear.
XML design must be formal and concise.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
25/100
25
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XML Specification
XML 1.0 specification released By W3C consortium on Feb. 10, 1998
As a recommendation - the highest level ofendorsement possible
Cross-platform, vendor neutral standard
Developed by XML Working Group
Many vertical industry initiatives
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
26/100
26
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XML working group
Consists of 14 companies and organizations Adobe, ArborText, DataChannel, FujiXerox, HP, Inso,
Isogen, Microsoft, Netscape, SoftQuad, Sun
Microsystems, University of Chicago
Along with a W3C representative and James Clark
Yes, Sun and Microsoft can work together!
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
27/100
27
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XML 1.0 spec has 2 parts
One for XML documents How to use tagged markupto indicate the meaning of
data
One for XML Document Type Definitions (DTDs)
How to indicate the allowable structure for a class of
XML documents
Can constrain the pieces of data that might occur, thehierarchy of data and the number of times each piece
of data might occur
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
28/100
28
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Summary: XML Advantages
Over SGML Faster download
Supported bymainstream browsers
Standard linking
Standard stylesheet
Over HTML Interchangeable
Reusable Enables automation
Searchable
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
29/100
29
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
What about XHTML?
EXtensible HyperText Markup Language An XML application
Stricter and cleaner version of HTML Almost identical to HTML 4.01
Is aimed to replace HTML
Better support for multimedia, wireless devices
An official W3C Recommendation - January 26, 2000
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
30/100
30
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Using XHTML
Some dont recommend XHTML because You have all the pain of XML without any of the gain
Markup is still structural and presentational
But, your pages can be validated
And work without a hitch (or youll receive errormessages)
Theres a tool to convert HTML to XHTML
HTMLTidy www.w3.org/People/Raggett/tidy/
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
31/100
31
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Exercise A
1. Metadata is information about information2. XML is a programming language
3. XML assumes that a document is structuredhierarchically
4. XML is platform and language independent
5. You can use any text editor to create XMLdocuments
6. XHTML lets you define your own tags
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
32/100
32
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Exercise A (continued)
7. XML content can be in any language of the world8. Internet Explorer 5 and Netscape 6 support XML
9. XML is about adding procedural markup code todocuments
10.XML provides 50% of the capabilities of SGML
11.XML is a good solution to achieve dataindependence
12.A parser checks to see if your markup tags arespelled correctly
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
33/100
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
A Look at XML
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
34/100
34
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
A Sample HTML Document
Sample HTML document For pure display, HTML is very effective
Simple code, workable output, clear delineation of content elements
and their nesting by tags
HTML is a good example of a simple markup language
There are start tags and end tags ()
The end tag is differentiated from the start tag by the forward slash
The procedure file shows nesting of the elements of the document
HTML is concerned solely with presentation It does nothing to help you understand what the information is
Need interpret the content, not through the HTML tags
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
35/100
35
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
A Sample HTML Document Illustration
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
36/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
37/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
38/100
38
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
g g
Tag names have meaning for you and your authors
Names can reflect the content
Tag names have nothing to do with formatting
Formatting can be defined later, when you know the exactpurposes of the document. Nothing in the markup will limit theformats to which you can output
You can have as many or as few tags as you need
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
39/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
40/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
41/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
42/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
43/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
44/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
45/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
46/100
46
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
A document includes
Structure
Content
Display (presentation)
HTML: define structure and display
XML: only define structure But it relies on special browsers and/or XSL for displaying it
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
47/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
48/100
48
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XSL
XML
Document
Schema
Language
Documents with
Special Format
(HTML, WML)
Structure
Display
Processing
Conte
nt
XMLPa
rser
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
49/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
50/100
50
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XPath is a querying language for addressingparts of an XML document
XLinkand
XPointer are languages used to linkXML documents to each other
Xlink describes how to associate two or more resources
XPointer describes how to address a resource
SAX (simple API for XML) is a simple Java
interface
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
51/100
51
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Doc um ent Objec t Model (DOM)
is an application programming interface (API)for HTML and XML documents
Allows for content to be accessed andmanipulated even AFTER it has become part of
an HTML or XML document
Published as a Recommendation by W3C
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
52/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
53/100
53
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XML Browser
View and print XML documents
Microsoft Internet Explorer
XML Editor
Microsoft XML notepad
XML Parser Shield programmers from the XML syntax
IBMs XML for Java
XSL Processor
Transform XML to HTML
LotusXSL
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
54/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
55/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
56/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
57/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
58/100
58
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
59/100
59
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
60/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
61/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
62/100
62
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
63/100
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Characteristics of XML
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
64/100
64
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Book chapter title -- section summary
When you examine similar information product, structuresare not consistent from product to product
Big problem for reuse
In XML, structure can be defined in a Document TypeDefinition (DTD) or Schema. DTD
Defines all the elements (XML tags) that can be used in adocument.
Defines the relationship of those elements to other elements
Define the hierarchy of elements ("a chapter contains"), theorder of elements, the number of elements
Maintain structural consistency
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
65/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
66/100
66
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
67/100
67
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XML is a set of rules for creating markup tags
The tag names themselves offer additional detail about theinformation.
The tag names become metadata Attributes can be used to further define metadata
Example
Using attributes identifies the audience for each specific step,option, or even word
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
68/100
68
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
69/100
69
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XML makes you look at information in the way of data
XML DTD designers are not interested in the actual datavalues in design. They are concerned with the type ofinformation, the hierarchy of information, and therelationship of the pieces of information
The result is a structural format that can be stored very easily inDB
Each element can become a field of a table
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
70/100
70
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
How to format XML information for presentation?
XSL is a powerful mechanism for both transforming andformatting XML documents
XSL is an XML markup language itself and can
Format content for online display or for paper-based delivery
Add constant text or graphics
Filter content
Sort or reorder text
Three parts of XSL
XPath
XSL transformations
XSL-FO (formatting objects)
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
71/100
71
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XPath identify and format specific elements in an XML
doc
Can specify and apply specific formatting or transformation toelements, such as a title following a chapter, the first paragraph in
a section, and every other bullet in a list
XSLT
Can manipulate the information to reorder, repeat, filter outinformation, or even add information based on details in the file
Can transform an XML document into another markup language
XSL-FO Provide style sheet capabilities for converting XML to paper-based
format such as PDF
Include page layouts, headers, footers
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
72/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
73/100
73
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Personalization is information that can be manipulated to
serve the needs of a specific user
Personalization can be user defined, or can managed bysoftware, based on a user's login information
Personalization that is managed by software may becontrolled by observing user behavior, and/or combined
with preferences to create a personalized experience With XML, documents can be broken down, stored as
separate physical pieces in a database, and then
assembled in any order to meet user demands
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
74/100
74
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Phn ni dung tiu
Ni dung bn trong phn thn
ca mt ti liu HTML
pages are predefined
Element
Attribute
Text
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
75/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
76/100
76
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Phn ni dung tiu
Ni dung bn trong phn thn
ca mt element XML
by users
Element
Attribute
Text
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
77/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
78/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
79/100
79
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
about the products sold through its e-commerce site. It hasthree branches, which maintain data on their localcomputer systems. Data from all the three branches must
be collated and housed in a centralized location. This datamust be made available to the Accounts and Salessections of these branches, regardless of the hardware
and software platforms being used at the branches. Thesales personnel also require access to the data usingequipment, such as palmtops and cellular phones.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
80/100
80
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
of the product, a brief description of the product, the price,and the available quantity on hand. Each product isuniquely identified by a product ID.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
81/100
81
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
format.
Identify the structure of the document in which data is tobe stored.
Create an XML document to store data.
View the XML document in a browser.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
82/100
82
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
XML provides a way to store structured data that iscapable of being recognized by different kinds of devices.In other words, it enables device-independence.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
83/100
83
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
organize it. An XML document is composed of a number of
components that can be used for representing information.
These components are: Processing Instruction
An XML document usually begins with the XML declaration statement
or the Processing Instruction (PI). The PI provides information regarding the way in which the XML file
should be processed.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
84/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
85/100
85
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Tagsare used to specify a name for a given piece ofinformation.
Tags usually occur in pairs.
Each pair consists of a start tag and an end tag.
The start tag only contains the name of the tag whilethe end tag includes a forward slash (/) before thename of the tag.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
86/100
86
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Elements are the basic units that are used to identifyand describe data in XML.
They are the building blocks of an XML document.
Elements are represented using tags.
An XML document must always have a root element.All other elements are specified within the opening andclosing tags of the root element.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
87/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
88/100
88
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
A parent element can contain many child elements.
All the child elements of a parent element are siblings and arethus related to one another.
Combination
Elements can contain textual information as well as otherelements.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
89/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
90/100
90
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
While deciding whether to represent information as an element oran attribute, you can follow the guidelines given below:
If the data must be displayed, you can represent it as an element. In
general, element attributes are used for intangible, abstract propertiessuch as ID.
If the data must be updated frequently, it is better represented as anelement because it is easier to edit elements than attributes with XML
editing tools.
If the value of a piece of information must be checked frequently, itmay be represented as an attribute.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
91/100
91
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
An entity can be described as a short cut to a set of information.
It is a name that is associated with a block of data.
This data can be a chunk of text or a reference to an external filethat contains textual or binary information.
XML supports the use of three kinds of entities: internal, general,and parameter entities.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
92/100
92
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
An internal entity consists of a name that is associated with a blockof information.
This can be identified easily as it is always preceded by an
ampersand (&) symbol and terminated with a semicolon.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
93/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
94/100
94
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Structure of the XML document to be used for storingproducts data:
PRODUCTPRODUCT
PRODUCTNAMEPRODUCTNAME
DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION
PRICEPRICE
QUANTITYQUANTITY
PRODUCTDATAPRODUCTDATA
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
95/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
96/100
96
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
97/100
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
98/100
98
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Processing Instructions
Elements
Attributes Entities
Comments
Content
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
99/100
99
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
document are as follows: Every start tag must have an end tag.
Empty tags must be closed using a forward slash (/).
All attribute values must be given in double quotation marks.
Tags must nest correctly.
XML tags are case-sensitive. They must match each other in everyimplementation.
-
8/3/2019 01 - XML - Introduction to XML
100/100
100
eXtensible Markup LanguageLectu rer : Phan Vo Minh Than g MSc.
Special Selected Topic in
Information System Section: Introduction to XML
Number of slides: 100
Updated date: 12/02/2006
Contact: Mr.Phan Vo Minh Thang