1 improvements of regional emissions for air quality modelling proposed in eastern canada regional...
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Improvements of Improvements of regional emissions for regional emissions for air quality modellingair quality modellingProposed in Eastern Canada Regional Border strategyProposed in Eastern Canada Regional Border strategy
by NEG/ECP Environment committeeby NEG/ECP Environment committee
G. Vigeant, M. Benjamin, G. Morneau (EC-QR)G. Vigeant, M. Benjamin, G. Morneau (EC-QR)
H. Durocher (MENV)H. Durocher (MENV)
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Development of an improved database Development of an improved database for air quality model applications over for air quality model applications over
Eastern North AmericaEastern North America
Improvement of biogenic emission calculation Improvement of biogenic emission calculation with improved description of landuse over with improved description of landuse over Eastern CanadaEastern Canada
Calculation of mobile emissions at high Calculation of mobile emissions at high resolution in the Montreal area with resolution in the Montreal area with MOBILE6.2C and available traffic dataMOBILE6.2C and available traffic data
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The BELD3 datasetThe BELD3 dataset
Vegetation type and landuse at 1-km resolutionVegetation type and landuse at 1-km resolution Covers North America up to 60-65°NCovers North America up to 60-65°N General broad categories (19) from remote General broad categories (19) from remote
sensing (USGS) such as:sensing (USGS) such as: Urban, crop, waterUrban, crop, water Deciduous, mixed and conifer forestDeciduous, mixed and conifer forest
Additional information for the United StatesAdditional information for the United States U.S. Agricultural Census for 1992 (17 crop types)U.S. Agricultural Census for 1992 (17 crop types) U.S. Forest Service Inventory and Analysis dataset U.S. Forest Service Inventory and Analysis dataset
(194 tree species)(194 tree species)
Improvement of biogenic emissions
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Number of vegetation categoriesNumber of vegetation categoriesImprovement of biogenic emissions
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Methodology (2004-2005)Methodology (2004-2005)
2001 Canadian agricultural census2001 Canadian agricultural census Inventory of 36 types of cropsInventory of 36 types of crops Census consolidated subdivisions to map to AQ model grid Census consolidated subdivisions to map to AQ model grid
(using GIS) (resolution 10-30 km)(using GIS) (resolution 10-30 km) Merge this step with NHMerge this step with NH33 emissions surrogate project? emissions surrogate project? Assign 36 types of crops to 11 BELD 3 categoriesAssign 36 types of crops to 11 BELD 3 categories Combine census to BELD3 (1 km) to refine spatial allocation?Combine census to BELD3 (1 km) to refine spatial allocation?
2000 Canadian Forest inventory2000 Canadian Forest inventory Comprehensive set of tree species and genusComprehensive set of tree species and genus Spatial resolution is about 10 x 10 kmSpatial resolution is about 10 x 10 km22
Forest polygons to map to model grid (using GIS)Forest polygons to map to model grid (using GIS) Might need to convert volume of wood to areaMight need to convert volume of wood to area Combine inventory to BELD3 (1 km) to refine spatial allocation?Combine inventory to BELD3 (1 km) to refine spatial allocation?
Improvement of biogenic emissions
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Agricultural Census Agricultural Census subdivisionssubdivisions
450 km
190 km
Improvement of biogenic emissions
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Next stepsNext steps
Quality control of the inventory dataQuality control of the inventory data Evaluation of the emission rates obtained Evaluation of the emission rates obtained
with beis2 and beis3 on new datawith beis2 and beis3 on new data Evaluation of AQ model outputsEvaluation of AQ model outputs
New emissions, VGBELD3, CEPS1New emissions, VGBELD3, CEPS1
Merge with other datasetsMerge with other datasets AQMAG-SMOKE, PNR, PYRAQMAG-SMOKE, PNR, PYR
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CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE
Objective
Conceive a procedure to estimate the emissions of Criteria Air Contaminants from mobile on-road sources in a metropolitan area at high resolution. These emissions are to be used as input to air quality numerical models.
Project team:
• Environment Canada • Ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ)
•André Babin• Centre de Recherche sur les Transports (CRT)
•Mike Florian•Yolanda Noriega•Anne-Sophie Pépin
CRT EC MTQ
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CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE
Benefits:
• Improve air quality model outputs:• Forecast• Decision making for better control scenarios and CWS achievement
• Improve our knowledge of the contribution of on-road vehicles emissions on air quality and population exposure in urban areas
• Improve our knowledge of airborne contaminants and their transformation from a local scale to regional scale
• Models can be used in the planning of road infrastructures of urbanized areas
CRT EC MTQ
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CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE
Software modules
CRT EC MTQ
Grille (CRT)Graphical interface to:• Ingest input parameters needed by MOBILE6.2C• Call MOBILE6.2C and convert the output to a format readable by EMME/2.
Enif (INRO)Graphical interface used to output EMME/2 solutions in several forms
EMME/2 (Équilibre Multimodal, Multimodal Equilibrium) (CRT and INRO)This module computes an equilibrium solution between the demand (Origin-Destination) and the supply (road network). The outputs are for each link of the road network:
Average speedNumber of vehicles of each class
MOBILE6.2C(Environment Canada based on MOBILE6.2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)) Estimate emission rates of air pollutants VOC, CO, NOx, SO2, PM2.5, toxics and CO2, for 28 classes of vehicles.
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CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE
Data flow diagram
CRT EC MTQ
Grille MOBILE 6.2C
EMME/2
Enif
Begin
End
Time and dateMeteorological variables
Fuel propertiesMOBILE6.2C
Input file
Emission ratesper speed classper vehicle class
Formattedemission rates
Emissions of CAC onlinks and vertex
Gridded emissions of CACon the fine grid
MTQ and CRT
Road networkO-D survey
Counts
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CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE
CRT EC MTQ
Emission rates as a function of speed for 4 classes of vehicles
Émissions de VOC Running sur FREEWAY
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
4,02 8,05 16,09 24,14 32,19 40,23 48,28 56,33 64,37 72,42 80,47 88,51 96,56 104,61
Vitesse (km/hr)
Ta
ux
(g
/km
) Auto
Camion régulier
Camion lourd
Autobus
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CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE
CRT EC MTQ
Travel demandRepresented in EMME/2 by Origin-Destination matrices.
Générée
Attirée
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CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE
CRT EC MTQ
Traffic countUsed to calibrate the simulated traffic flow and interpolate diurnal, weekly and seasonal cycles.
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CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE
CRT EC MTQ
Output of EMME/2: Traffic flow
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CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE
CRT EC MTQ
Output of Enif: Emission rates on the fine (1 km) grid
Plus grandes valeursversPlus petites valeurs
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CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE
CRT EC MTQ
Next steps (2005-2006)
• Procedures to generate graphical as well as numerical outputs of the emission rates of criteria air contaminants from mobile sources
• Design a more general procedure that can be applied to other Canadian cities already using EMME/2 (11 cities)
• Transfer to Environnement Canada
• Chemical speciation of VOC and NOx for ADOM mechanism
• Evaluation of the results