1 f. grancagnoloilc workshop valencia, 8. 11. 2006 ilc workshop - ecfa and gde joint meeting...
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F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
ILC Workshop - ECFA and GDE Joint Meeting
Valencia, 5-13 November 2006
F. Grancagnolo, INFN - Lecce
The Muon System of
the 4th Concept Detector
at
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F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
4th Concept Detector Layout
Triple-readout fiber calorimeter: scintillation/Cerenkov/neutron Muon dual-solenoid iron-free geometry
6.4 m
7.7 m
NOVEL FEATURES:
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F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
TPC
- BARREL
-E CN AD P
Dual Solenoid B-fieldAlexander Mikhailichenko design
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F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
-System basic element: drift tube
radius 2.3 cm filled with 90% He – 10% iC4H10 @ NTP gas gain few × 105
total drift time 2 µs primary ionization 13 cluster/cm ≈ 20 electrons/cm total both ends instrumented with:
• > 1.5 GHz bandwith• 8 bit fADC• > 2 Gsa/s sampling rate• free running memory
for a • fully efficient timing of primary ionization: cluster
counting• accurate measurement of longitudinal position with
charge division • particle identification with dNcl/dx
ASIC chipunder
developmentat INFN-LE
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Cluster Countingfull vertical scale = 30 mV (amplification x10)horizontal scale = 500 ns/divsampling rate = 2.5 Gsa/s
2 cm tube
gas:
90% He + 10% iC4H10
Ncl = 13./cm Nele = 20./cm
Max drift time
1.3 s
50 ns5 mVleft
right
trigger
Cosmic ray triggeredby scintillators telescope
and read out by adigital sampling scope:8 bit, 4 GHz, 2.5 Gsa/sAmplifier bandwith:1.8 GHz, gain ×10
t0 tlasttfirst
1.3 s
F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
t0
tfirst
t0 = tlast tmax
bf = ∫ v(t) dt
(c/2)2 = r2 bf2
Ncl = c/(× sin
Nele = Ncl × 1.6
tlii=1,Nele ;trii=1,Nele
Alii=1,Nele ;Arii=1,Nele Pi(cl)i=1,Nele
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Cluster Counting Cluster Counting Performances (1)Performances (1)
b
b
from KLOE
Transverse spatial resolution In principle,given the time ordered sequence
of the drifting clusters, each cluster contributes to the
impact parameter with an independent estimate.
b = bi √Ncl
(saturated by other conributions,like position and sag of sense wire)
In reality,multiple electron clusters andsingle electron diffusion tend
to confuse the picture.
For Ncl = 13 /cm is reasonable to assume: xy ≈ 50 m
F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
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≈ 200 mrad
Cluster Counting Cluster Counting Performances (2)Performances (2)
Longitudinal spatial resolution
Estimate of dip angleNcl = c/ × 1./sinFor an average c and a minimum ionizing track, Ncl = 40
(a few mm extrapolation from one layer to next) extremely powerful tool for 3D track finding!
F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
Matching left and right sides gives a very precise measurement of the signals transit timeon the wire(limiting factor for time-to-distance conversion) and enhances signal/bkgd.After matching, charge division can be applied to single electrons amplitudes A li and Ari.In principle: z/L = 0.5% / √Nele
Well below 1 mm/m of wire
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Cluster Counting Cluster Counting Performances (3)Performances (3)
Transverse momentum resolution
Assume: l = 1.5 m b = 50 m B = 1.5 T n= 20 layers
F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
Equal contribution at p=53 GeV/c, when p/p= 2%, or p= 1.2 GeV/cIn the end cap one would need the map of B-field and MC calculations.However, resolutions like:
p/p = 1.4 × 10-3 p 1.4 × 10-2
(end caps)are reachable
p/p = 3.0 × 10-4 p 1.6 × 10-2
(barrel)
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Cluster Counting Cluster Counting Performances (4)Performances (4)Particle identification
It might not be necessary in the -system. However, for a m.i.p.
(a m.i.p. track in the -system generates approximately 1200 clusters)(dNcl/dx)/(dNcl/dx)
≈ 3%
Example from test beam data: sepration @ 200 MeV/c
G.Cataldi, F.Grancagnolo and S.Spagnolo, INFN-AE-96-07, Mar. 1996, 23p.G.Cataldi, F.Grancagnolo and S.Spagnolo, NIM A386 (1997) 458-469
F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
Equivalent to: separation ≿ up to 25 GeV/c, ; ≿ up to 55 GeV/c ; ≿ up to 100 GeV/c separation ~ up to 5 GeV/c
(CAVEAT: No data available!, Calculation based on Bethe-Block only!)
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Cluster Counting Cluster Counting Performances (5)Performances (5)
beam test m
easurements
p = 200 GeV/c
gas mixture = 95%He+5%iC4H10 Ncl = 10/cm
atMeV/c
experiment:
theory: trunc. mean:
F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
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Cluster Counting Cluster Counting Performances (6)Performances (6)
tmax
(tmax) ~ 1 ns
Drift time of last arriving electroncorrected for t.o.f. and for transit time on the wire.Assumed 10 tracks with 100 hits each.
From tmax one gets t0 event by event,avoiding long and complicated calibration procedures.
Moreover,(t) ~ 1 ns identifies the trigger of the event
F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
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F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
×18
×36
×18
Modularity
650 tubes
26 cards
550 tubes
22 cards
1750 tubes
70 cards
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F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
1440 tubes 1632 channels
76 cards
×6
1/3 end cap
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F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
Channel count Barrel:
31500 tubes21000 channels 840 cards
End caps: 8640 tubes 9792 channels 456 cards
Total:40140 tubes30792 channels 1296 cards
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Cluster CountingCluster Counting90% He + 10% iC4H10
91% Ar + 5% iCH4 + 4% N2
cylindrical tube r = 2 cm
at a gain = few × 105
time separation (MC) between
closest clusters as a function
of their distance from the sense wire for different
track impact parameters
In HeIn Ar
In He , provided that: rise (and fall) time of single electron signals < 1ns sampling frequency of electron signals > 2 Gsa/s single electron counting is possible. CAVEAT:Multiple electron clusters (30% in this He mixture) complicates the picture
F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006
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Cluster Counting Time separation (MC) between closest ionization
clusters along a track as a function of their distance from the sense wire for different track impact
parameters
In He , provided that: rise (and fall) time of single electron signals < 1ns
sampling frequency of electron signals > 2 Gsa/s
single electron counting is possible. CAVEAT: Multiple electron clusters (30% in this He mixture) complicates the picture
cylindrical tube
r = 2 cmgain = few ×
105
91% Ar + 5% CH4 + 4% N290% He + 10% i-C4H10
F. Grancagnolo ILC Workshop Valencia , 8 . 11 . 2006