1 doe facet review, feb. 19, 2008 m. woods, slac facet review: end station a facility and science...

1 M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008

FACET Review:FACET Review:End Station A Facility and ScienceEnd Station A Facility and Science

ESA provides 2nd experimental facility• expands FACET’s science capabilities• improves operational efficiency• increases cost effectiveness of the investment


OUTLINEOUTLINE

End Station A Facility• Experimental Hall and Counting House• Operational Modes & Beam Parameters

Science• Accelerator science and beam instrumentation w/ primary electron beam• Activation, residual dose rates and materials damage studies w/ beam dump tests• Detector R&D using secondary electrons and hadrons• Particle Astrophysics Detectors and Techniques

Recent Experiments

ESA Program starting in 2011

→ FACET-ESA provides unique science capabilities!


End Station A2-Mile Linac


End Station A (ESA)End Station A (ESA)

• ESA is large (60m x 35m x 20m)• 50 (and 10) ton crane• Electrical power, cooling water• DAQ system for beam and magnet data


End Station A FacilityEnd Station A Facilityand Experimental Layout in 2006-08and Experimental Layout in 2006-08

• Primary beam experiments inside concrete bunker• Beam dump experiments inside concrete bunker

(or in Beam Dump East beamline)• Secondary electrons for Detector Tests in open region

after the concrete bunker

*Dimensions given in ft


ANITA Payload and Ice Target in ESA ANITA Payload and Ice Target in ESA T-486 (2006)

Calibrated entire ANITA balloon flight antenna array; major contribution to the experiment!

First observation of the Askaryan effect in ice Results published in Phys.Rev.Lett.99:171101,2007

illustrates capability of ESA Test Beam Facilityillustrates capability of ESA Test Beam Facility


ESA Science: Recent ExperimentsESA Science: Recent Experiments

ILC Program 2006 – 2007 (+ 2008?)

Detector R&D

Particle Astrophysics

Activation, Residual Dose Rates & Materials Damage Studies


Linear Colliders Linear Colliders →→ ESA Program ESA Program

Machine-Detector Interface at the ILC• (L,E,P) measurements: Luminosity, Energy, Polarization• Forward Region Detectors• Collimation and Backgrounds• Interaction Region (IR) Engineering: Magnets, Crossing Angle• EMI (electro-magnetic interference) in IR

MDI-related Experiments at SLAC’s End Station A• Collimator Wakefield Studies • Energy spectrometer prototypes • IR background studies for IP BPMs • EMI studies

Beam Instrumentation Experiments in ESA• RF BPM prototypes for ILC Linac • Bunch length diagnostics for ILC


http://www-project.slac.stanford.edu/ilc/testfac/ESA/esa.html

BPM energy spectrometer (T-474/491)Synch Stripe energy spectrometer (T-475)Collimator design, wakefields (T-480)Bunch length diagnostics (T-487)IP BPMs—background studies (T-488)LCLS beam to ESA (T490)Linac BPM prototypesEMI (electro-magnetic interference)

ILC Beam Tests in End Station AILC Beam Tests in End Station A

M. Woods, SLAC

+ SiD KPiX Test during T-492


ILC Beam Tests in End Station AILC Beam Tests in End Station A

50 Participants from 16 institutions at SLAC in 2006/07 for this program

Birmingham U., Cambridge U., Daresbury, DESY, Dubna, Fermilab, Lancaster U., LLNL, Manchester U., Notre Dame U., Oxford U.,Royal Holloway U., SLAC, UC Berkeley, UC London, U. of Oregon

T-474 and EMI Test Users in ESA Counting House

Wakefield Studies from MCC


ESA Equipment LayoutESA Equipment Layout

18 feet

Wakefield box Wire Scanners rf BPMs

blue=FY06red=new in FY07

Dipoles + Wiggler

T-487: long. bunch profile

“IP BPMs” T-488

Ceramic gap for EMI studies

able to run several experiments interleaved in a compatible setup typically rotate which experiment has priority every 2-3 shifts during

a 2-3 week run


Prototype Energy SpectrometersPrototype Energy Spectrometers

For BPM spectrometer• E/E=100ppm → x= 500nm,

at BPMs 4,7 Dipole B-field ~ 1kGauss these are same as for ILC design

• ILC needs precision energy measurements, 50-200 ppm, e.g. for Higgs boson and top quark mass measurements • BPM & synchrotron stripe spectrometers evaluated in a common 4-magnet chicane.

BPM Energy SpectrometerU. Cambridge, DESY, Dubna,

Royal Holloway, SLAC, UC Berkeley, UC London, U. of Notre Dame

Synch Stripe SpectrometerU. of Oregon, SLAC

Energy Scan measured with Chicane BPMs

D1 D2 D3 D4

BPM 3,5BPM 3,5

BPM 4,7BPM 4,7

BPM 9-11BPM 9-11VerticalWiggler

Wiggler synchrotron stripeDetector is downstream


Prototype Linac RF BPMsPrototype Linac RF BPMs

550nm BPM res.

S-Band BPM Design(36 mm ID, 126 mm OD)

y5 (mm)

y4 (

mm

)

Q~500 for single bunch resolution at ILC


Resolution & Stability: Linking BPM Stations in ESAResolution & Stability: Linking BPM Stations in ESA

Run 2499-2500

Run 2499-2500→ investigating long-term (hours) stability at sub-micron level; study dependence on beam parameters and environment (temperature, magnetic fields) and electronics stability

→ stability studies important for Linac BPM and quad magnetic center stability requirements (also of interest for system of 40 RF BPMs for LCLS undulators)

BPMs 1-2 BPMs 3,5 BPMs 9-11

30 meters use BPMs 1,2 and 3,5 and 9-11 to fit straight line

• predict beam position at BPMs 4• plot residual of BPM 4 wrt predicted position

Wake-FieldBox

*0.5m → 100 ppm“error” bars shown are rms resolution

BPMs 4,7

Chicane region

x

y Run 2499-2500


Energy Spectrometers:Energy Spectrometers: Future Measurements & Tests NeededFuture Measurements & Tests Needed

BPM Spectrometer:• establish BPM calibration procedure and frequency• establish energy spectrometer calibration procedure and frequency

(requires reversing chicane polarity)• can luminosity be delivered during calibrations?• establish requirements for temperature stability, vibrations from water systems

Synchrotron Stripe Spectrometer:• still need to demonstrate proof-of-principle with quartz fiber detectors;

will need 24 GeV beam rather than 12 GeV beam• study concept using visible light detection; hope to test in 2008

Both systems:• want to compare results from the 2 systems; do they agree?• is 50 ppm accuracy achievable?• tests evolve from concepts to prototypes to qualifying production components

→ need tests prior to completion of ILC beam delivery system


Collaborating Institutions: U. of Birmingham, CCLRC-ASTeC + engineering, CERN, DESY, Manchester U., Lancaster U., SLAC, TEMF TU

Concept of Experiment

Vertical mover

BPM

BPM

2 doublets

~40m

BPM

BPM

Two triplets

15m

Collimator WakefieldsCollimator WakefieldsCollimators remove beam halo, but excite wakefields. Goal: determine optimal collimator material and geometry → Beam Tests address achieving design luminosity → effects determine collimation depth and radius of vertex detector


1500mm

Concept of Experiment

Vertical mover

BPM

BPM

2 doublets

~40m

BPM

BPM

Two triplets

15m

Collimator WakefieldsCollimator Wakefields


Results from 2007 DataResults from 2007 Data

Col. 12 = 166 mradr = 1.4 mm

Col. 6

= r = 1.4 mm

• Collimator 6 was also measured in Run 1, with consistent result.• Collimator 12 is identical to 6 for taper angle and gap, but it has a 2.1cm flat section• A total of 15 different collimator geometries were tested in 2006 and 2007

(differing taper angles, gaps, length of flat sections, materials and surfaceroughness)


Collimator Wakefields:Collimator Wakefields: Future Measurements & Tests NeededFuture Measurements & Tests Needed

Comparing with Analytic Calculations and 3-d modelling:• consistency with existing data varies from 10% level to a factor of

2 disagreement depending on geometry• goal is to accurately model wakefield effects to 10%• in some cases better modeling is needed; but also need more accurate data

for some geometries as well as new data for different geometries andmaterials

Broad interest in Wakefield tests:• relevant for linear colliders, LHC, low emittance light sources

Future measurements:• best done with low energy beams; desire for relatively low emittance

and short, well understood bunch lengths• bunch lengths may be too long for FACET-ESA to be very useful;

→ can do these experiments at ASF • later upgrade for an RF gun at the injector would enable these tests in ESA

(+ in general an RF gun would add significant capability to ESA program, providing significantly smaller transverse and longitudinal emittances)


Detector DevelopmentDetector Development

ESA beamline setup

KPiX

Local DAQ board w/ FPGA;fiber bundle to detector, and USB to local PC w/ ethernet

Future development & tests needed:• 1000 channels• KPiX on new sensors

• bump bonding• sensor resolution

KPiX readout chip is being developed at SLAC for SiD concept.• 1000-channel ASIC design to read out entire Si wafer or pixel detector• Si-W ECal, Si Outer Tracker, GEM HCal, (Muons?)• 32x32=1024 channels; currently a 2x32 prototype• Pulsed-power operation delivers 20μW/channel average with ILC timing

2007 beam test used 3 planes of Si (50 m width) strip sensors (spare from CDF Layer 00)


Other Recent ExperimentsOther Recent ExperimentsDetector Tests:

• T-469 (ESA 2006-7): Focusing DIRC for particle ID, and very precise TOFdetectors aimed at 10ps timing resolution (motivated by Super-B)

Radiation Physics and Materials Damage Tests:• T-489 (ESA 2007) – activation and residual dose rates of materials

compare with MARS and FLUKA simulation codes• T-493 (ESA 2007) – LCLS undulator beam-induced demagnetization studies

Particle Astrophysics Detectors and Techniques:• GLAST (ESA 2000) – LAT Tower (anti-coincidence detector,

silicon tracker and calorimeter) calibration and system integrationusing secondary positrons, hadrons and tagged photons

• FLASH experiment (2002-2004 in FFTB) measuredfluorescence yields in electromagnetic showers to help calibrateair shower detectors for ultra-high energy cosmic rays (used primary beam)

• Askaryan effect (FFTB 2002): demonstrated a radio Cherenkov signalfrom Askaryan effect for detectors proposed to detect ultra-high energyneutrinos; used primary electron beam

• ANITA (ESA 2006): calibrated the entire balloon flight array and made thefirst observation of the Askaryan effect in ice; used primary electron beam


T-489 Activation Experiment T-489 Activation Experiment (CERN, SLAC collaboration)

Setup

gamma spectroscopy for many isotopes residual dose rates versus time tritium activity

Analysis


Future Activation and Materials Damage StudiesFuture Activation and Materials Damage Studies

• test different target materials• test different geometry configurations• instrumentation tests and calibration• radiation hardness for electronics and materials

broad interest for these studies in high radiation environments atdifferent accelerators

needed for both accelerator and detector components


FACET-ESA FacilityFACET-ESA Facility Operational Modes & Beam Parameters

Operational Modes:• ESA operation simultaneous with ASF using pulsed magnets • ESA access and experimental setup while ASF in operation• ASF access prevents beam to ESA, but can access ASF

for experimental setup during day and run ESA beam at night

Beam Parameters:• Primary Beam for Accelerator Science, Beam Instrumentation and

Beam Dump experiments• Secondary electrons and hadrons for Detector R&D


Primary Beam Parameters to SLAC ESAPrimary Beam Parameters to SLAC ESA

Parameter “PEP-II” operation FACET Proposal

Repetition Rate 10 Hz 10-30 Hz

Energy 28.5 GeV 12 GeV*

Bunch Charge 2.0 x 1010 up to 3.5 x 1010 (single bunch),

up to 5 x 1011 (400ns bunch train)

Bunch Length 300-1000 m (1-5) mm

Energy Spread 0.2% 0.4%

x, y (mm-mrad) 300, 15 150, 15

Dispersion ( and ’) 0 (<10mm) 0 (<10mm)

*24 GeV possible with later upgrade, moving extraction point to Sector 18


Secondary ElectronsSecondary Electrons Electron rates from single particle up to 105 per pulse 2-10 GeV momentum range precise (0.1%) momentum analysis using A-line as a spectrometer rms spotsize in ESA ~3mm

Other possibilities: i) higher intensities of 12 GeV electrons: collimate a low intensity, large energy spread beam with A-line momentum slits (cover

range from ~106 up to full intensity) ii) set A-line to accept positrons. (may be possible to design PPS

to allow ESA occupancy during beam on operation?)

Production: insert a valve in EBL for a low intensity beam of ~109.

Insertable valve


A-Line Hadron Production FacilityA-Line Hadron Production Facility

Be Target: 0.43 r.l; 1.5-deg production anglePC28: 6 sr geometric acceptanceC37: up to 11% momentum acceptance; adjustableQ38: corrects dispersion at detector in ESAQ29,Q30: control spotsize in ESA (ongoing studies indicate need for additional

2 quads in ESA; use Q29,Q30 for waist at C37). Expect to achieve ~1cm rms spotsize at detector location in ESA


Secondary Hadron YieldsSecondary Hadron Yields

Measured and predicted (curves) particle fluxes of secondary beams from SLAC Report 160. (pulse length is 1.6 s, so 1mA corresponds to 1010 electrons/pulse)

SLAC-R-160 FACET-ESA

Beam Energy 19.5 GeV 12 GeV

Production Target 0.87 r.l. Be 0.43 r.l. Be

Production Angle 1.5deg 1.5deg

Acceptance 30sr,

4% p/p

6sr,

11% p/p


Secondary Hadron YieldsSecondary Hadron Yields

Measured and predicted (curves) particle fluxes of secondary beams from SLAC Report 160. (pulse length is 1.6 s, so 1mA corresponds to 1010 electrons/pulse)

SLAC-R-160 FACET-ESA

Beam Energy 19.5 GeV 12 GeV

Production Target 0.87 r.l. Be 0.43 r.l. Be

Production Angle 1.5deg 1.5deg

Acceptance 30sr,

4% p/p

6sr,

11% p/p

→ expect rates up to ~10 pions/pulse per 1010 electrons on target→ rates for kaons and protons x10-50 less 3.7 6 8 10

Naïve scaling for FACET(+ yields should be reduced by ~x2.5)


ESA Science Program ESA Science Program starting in 2011

1. Linear Colliders, Accelerator Science & Beam Instrumentation primary beam experiments need to evaluate both cold (ILC) and warm (ex. CLIC) linear colliders;

ex. demonstrate beam instrumentation capabilities to resolve beamparameter time dependence along a 200-300ns train

Experiments• BPMs + other typical accelerator instrumentation such as toroids• MDI components and instrumentation: energy spectrometers, polarimeters, forward region detectors, luminosity

detectors, beam halo detectors• tests requiring large amount of space: mockups of IR components, long baseline BPM or quad tests for vibration and stability studies• tests that don’t require ultra-small or ultra-short beams


Comparing Beam Parameters for FACET-ESAComparing Beam Parameters for FACET-ESAand Linear Collidersand Linear Colliders

Parameter ILC

(cold)

X-band

(warm)

CLIC

(warm)

FACET

Proposal

Repetition Rate 5Hz 120 Hz 100 Hz 10-30 Hz

Energy 250 GeV 250 GeV 250 GeV 12 GeV*

Bunch Charge 2.0 x 1010 0.75 x 1010 0.37 x 1010 (0.2 – 2.0) x 1010

rms Bunch Length 300 m 110 m 30 m 1000 m

rms Energy Spread 0.1% 0.2% 0.35% 0.4%

Bunches/Train 2670 192 312 1 (up to 1200**)

Bunch spacing 300ns 2.8ns 0.5ns - (0.3ns**)

Train length 1ms 300ns 150ns - (up to 400ns**)

*24 GeV possible with later upgrade, moving extraction point to Sector 18** long pulse operation can give 400-ns train with 0.3ns bunch spacing and total

charge up to 5 x 1011 (other bunch spacings may also be possible) only place in the world to do this!


2. Advanced Detector R&D with secondary electrons and hadrons• Linear Colliders, LHC detectors, Super-B, …• large scale mockups and integration tests possible precise momentum definition for electrons precise timing multiple particles coincident in time, and high-density electron rates possible

3. Activation, Residual Dose Rates and Materials Damage Studies• additional data needed for accelerator and detector components

at linear colliders, LHC and light sources• data needed to tune and validate simulation codes such as MARS and FLUKA• data needed for environmental impact in high radiation environments

4. Tests for Particle Astrophysics Detectors and Techniques• calibrating instruments and testing new detector concepts with test beams

will continue to be essential for experiments in high energy particle astrophysics

The FACET-ESA facility will attract and service a wide range of users!

ESA Science Program ESA Science Program starting in 2011


Summary of ILC Detector R&D Test Beam NeedsSummary of ILC Detector R&D Test Beam Needs(from “Roadmap for ILC Detector R&D Test Beams” document)(from “Roadmap for ILC Detector R&D Test Beams” document)

CERN and Fermilab have the most capability for energy range and particle species FACET-ESA at SLAC can provide an important additional U.S. facility

+ significant test beam needs for LHC upgrade, Super-B if it proceeds, …


2007: Beam time requests from 47 groups, O(1500) users PS test beams: 28 weeks requested

• ~43% LHC & LHC upgrade• ~12% external users

SPS test beams: 23.5 weeks requested• ~52% LHC & LHC upgrade• ~35% external users

PS: 4 Test Beamlines

SPS: 4 Test BeamlinesCERN PS/SPSCERN PS/SPS Test BeamsTest Beams

C. Rembser, CERN


Typically 3 phases of testbeam activities:• prototype tests• quality control + validation of performance requirements• full calibration of final calorimeter; wedge tests

Phase 2 hardware (read-out electronics, cabling, calibration) and software (reconstruction algorithms, calibration modes) should be close as possible to final

Phase 3 hardware and software have to be final versions

Transition regions – cracks between calorimeters, dead material, etc. – important:• optimize correction procedures, validate MC geometry + hadronic shower models

LHC Test Beam ExperienceLHC Test Beam Experience(from P.Schacht at IDTB2007 Workshop)

ATLAS wedge test


~6 m

Fermilab M-Test BeamlineFermilab M-Test Beamline (from E. Ramberg at IDTB2007 Workshop)

Energy (GeV) Present Hadron Rate

MT6SC2 per 1E12

Protons

Estimated Rate in New Design

(dp/p 2%)

1 --- ~1500

2 --- ~50K

4 ~700 ~200K

8 ~5K ~1.5M

16 ~20K ~4M

Tail Catcher

ECALECAL

HCALHCALElectronic Racks

Beam

Plans for CALICE Setup

• one (1-4)s spill every 2 minutes• possibility for 1ms “pings” at 5Hz during spill• 3MHz bunch structure possible

Spill structure


ESA capabilities for Detector Beam TestsESA capabilities for Detector Beam Tests

ESA satisfies many of the desired capabilities for a test beam facility

ESA strength


SummarySummaryFACET provides unique capabilities w/ a high energy, high intensity electron beam

ESA provides a large flexible facility with excellent infrastructure to accommodate a wide range of experiments:

• accelerator science and beam instrumentation tests that do not requirespotsizes below 100 microns or bunch lengths below 1mm

• advanced detector R&D with high quality secondary electron beams and a general purpose pion beam; good applicability for a linear collider, forLHC upgrades or for Super-B

• beam dump experiments for activation, dose rate and materials damage studies• detector R&D for high energy astrophysics instruments• variable flux of electrons available from single particles to moderate intensities

for high rate detectors (ex. very forward BeamCAL detectors at a linearcollider) to full primary beam power

Inclusion of ESA in the FACET proposal broadens the science capabilities. • interleaved experiments in 2 facilities improve efficiency and cost effectiveness• choice to do experiments in ASF or ESA

FACET can build on a long, rich history of successful test beam and small experiments in End Station A.


Additional MaterialAdditional Material


Transverse Beam Emittance to ESATransverse Beam Emittance to ESA

no radiation (chromatic)

input level (from DR)

At 12 GeV, expect x = 150 mm-mrad y = 15 mm-mrad


Longitudinal Emittance to ESALongitudinal Emittance to ESA

LiTrack simulation results for bunch length and energy spread:

rms

Ene

rgy

Spr

ead

(%)

rms

Bun

ch L

engt

h (m

m)

Ne = 0.75∙1010

E = 12 GeV

Large R56 (=0.465m) for A-line and relatively large energy spread at low energy result in large bunch lengths in ESA.

1 doe facet review, feb. 19, 2008 m. woods, slac facet review: end station a facility and science...

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