1 class insecta. 2 subphylum uniramia class insecta (hexapoda)
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Class InsectaClass Insecta
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Subphylum UniramiaSubphylum UniramiaClass Insecta (Hexapoda)Class Insecta (Hexapoda)
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Most Abundant and DiverseMost Abundant and DiverseAnimal ClassAnimal Class
1,000,000+ 1,000,000+ species identifiedspecies identified• May be as many as May be as many as
30,000,00030,000,000 More than all other More than all other
animals combinedanimals combined
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Distribution of InsectsDistribution of Insects
AirAir landland In the soilIn the soil Parasites Parasites
• PlantsPlants• AnimalsAnimals
FreshwaterFreshwater Not marine???Not marine???
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Characteristics of InsectsCharacteristics of Insects
Three body regionsThree body regions• HeadHead• ThoraxThorax• AbdomenAbdomen
Three pair of legsThree pair of legs Open circulatory Open circulatory
systemsystem
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Characteristics (cont)Characteristics (cont)
Two pair of wingsTwo pair of wings• One pair in fliesOne pair in flies• Absent in someAbsent in some
Pair of compound Pair of compound eyeseyes
Spiracles for Spiracles for respiration respiration
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Centipede and SymphylaCentipede and Symphyla
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Insect EvolutionInsect Evolution
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Chewing Mouthparts
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Piercing Mouthparts
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Siphoning Mouthparts
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Sponging Mouthparts
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Insect abdomenInsect abdomen
TergumTergum
SternumSternumPleuralPleuralmembranemembrane
OvipositorOvipositor
CercusCercus
SpiracleSpiracle
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2020
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Insect Excretion
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Internal AnatomyInternal Anatomy
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Complete Metamorphosis
From Raven/Johnson, Biology, 3rd ed., Copyright © 1999 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Incomplete Metamorphosis
From Hickman/Roberts/Larson, Integrated Principles of Zoology, 11th ed., Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
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Digger WaspDigger Wasp
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Paralyzes PreyParalyzes Prey
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Social InsectsSocial Insects
Live in coloniesLive in colonies QueenQueen KingKing SoldiersSoldiers WorkersWorkers
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Insect SocietiesInsect Societies
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Casts in a Bee HiveCasts in a Bee Hive
QueenQueen• Lays eggsLays eggs• Queen substanceQueen substance
WorkerWorker• Builds hiveBuilds hive• Takes care of eggsTakes care of eggs• Attends to queenAttends to queen• Royal jellyRoyal jelly
DroneDrone• Fertilizes queenFertilizes queen
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Become a Queen!Become a Queen!
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SwarmSwarm
New queen New queen Leaves with Leaves with
part of the hive part of the hive to start a new to start a new colonycolony
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HoneyHoney
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Ant ColonyAnt Colony
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Casts in an Ant ColonyCasts in an Ant Colony
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Ant PheremonesAnt Pheremones
AlarmAlarm Food trailFood trail
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Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects
Honey beeHoney bee• HoneyHoney• Pollinates cropsPollinates crops
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Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects
Lady bugLady bug Eats harmful Eats harmful
insectsinsects
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Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects
Silkworm mothSilkworm moth Lava produces silkLava produces silk
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Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects
Breakdown dungBreakdown dung
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Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects
Blow flyBlow fly Decompose dead bodiesDecompose dead bodies
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Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects
Ichneumonid Ichneumonid waspswasps
Kill harmful insectsKill harmful insects
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Fruit FlyFruit Fly
DrosophilaDrosophila Genetics researchGenetics research
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Harmful InsectsHarmful Insects
Tent catepillarTent catepillar Pest of many trees and shrubsPest of many trees and shrubs
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Harmful InsectsHarmful Insects
Boll weevilBoll weevil Destroys cottonDestroys cotton
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Harmful InsectsHarmful Insects
MosquitosMosquitos VectorVector
• MalariaMalaria• Yellow feverYellow fever• EncephalitisEncephalitis• West Nile virusWest Nile virus
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Harmful InsectsHarmful Insects
FleaFlea Vector forVector for
• PlaguePlague
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Xenopsylla cheopisXenopsylla cheopis
Rat fleaRat flea Vector for plagueVector for plague
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Black DeathBlack Death
1357-1350 killed 1357-1350 killed 25,000,000 in 25,000,000 in EuropeEurope
1900’s killed 1900’s killed 20,000,000 in India20,000,000 in India
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BubosBubos
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Plague SurvivorPlague Survivor
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Alexandre YersinAlexandre Yersin
Discovered Discovered bacteriumbacterium
Yersinia pestisYersinia pestis
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Insect OrdersInsect Orders
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Order CollembelaOrder Collembela
SpringtailsSpringtails 5mm long5mm long Furcula for jumpingFurcula for jumping No wingsNo wings
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Order ThysanuraOrder Thysanura
FirebratsFirebrats No wingsNo wings
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Order OdonotaOrder Odonota
Dragon fliesDragon flies Damsel fliesDamsel flies Two pair of large Two pair of large
wingswings
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Order OrthopteraOrder Orthoptera
GrasshopperGrasshopper CockroachCockroach Praying Praying
mantismantis CricketCricket
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Order DermapteraOrder Dermaptera
EarwigsEarwigs Forceps-like cerciForceps-like cerci Short wingsShort wings
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Order IsopteraOrder Isoptera
TermitesTermites WhiteWhite Broad waistBroad waist Winged and Winged and
winglesswingless
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Order HomopteraOrder Homoptera
CicadaCicada AphidsAphids Leaf hoppersLeaf hoppers Roof-like wingsRoof-like wings
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Order HemipteraOrder Hemiptera
True bugsTrue bugs Front wingFront wing
• Basal portion is Basal portion is leatheryleathery
• Apical portion of Apical portion of wing is wing is membranousmembranous
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Order ColeopteraOrder Coleoptera
BeetlesBeetles 350,000+ species350,000+ species Hard front wings Hard front wings
meet midlinemeet midline Back wings Back wings
membranousmembranous
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Order LepidopteraOrder Lepidoptera
ButterfliesButterflies• Knobbed antennaeKnobbed antennae
MothsMoths Scales on wingsScales on wings Larva are Larva are
catepillarscatepillars
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Order DipteraOrder Diptera
FliesFlies MosquitoesMosquitoes One pair of wingsOne pair of wings
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Order HymenopteraOrder Hymenoptera
BeesBees WaspsWasps AntsAnts Four membranous Four membranous
wingswings Narrow waistNarrow waist
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Order AnopluraOrder Anoplura
LiceLice No wingsNo wings Single clawSingle claw Sucking mouth Sucking mouth
partsparts parasitesparasites
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Order SiphonapteraOrder Siphonaptera
FleasFleas Flattened laterallyFlattened laterally Spines on legs and Spines on legs and
bodybody ParasitesParasites
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The EndThe End