1

Chapter 8Chapter 8

Mobile CommerceMobile Commerce

2

NextBus: A Superb NextBus: A Superb Customer ServiceCustomer Service

The ProblemThe Problem Buses in San Francisco have difficulty keeping Buses in San Francisco have difficulty keeping

to 20 minute schedule during rush hoursto 20 minute schedule during rush hours Posted schedule becomes meaninglessPosted schedule becomes meaningless

The SolutionThe Solution Bus riders carrying Internet-enabled cell phone Bus riders carrying Internet-enabled cell phone

or PDA helps:or PDA helps: Find estimated arrival time at each stop, digitally in real timeFind estimated arrival time at each stop, digitally in real time Soon location-based advertisements will pop up—you have time Soon location-based advertisements will pop up—you have time

to get a cup of coffee before the bus arrives—Starbuck’s is 200 to get a cup of coffee before the bus arrives—Starbuck’s is 200 feet to the rightfeet to the right

3

NextBus NextBus (cont.)(cont.)

The ResultsThe Results Passengers in San Francisco are Passengers in San Francisco are

happy with the systemhappy with the system Worries about missing the bus are Worries about missing the bus are

diminisheddiminished May discover they have time for a cup of May discover they have time for a cup of

coffee before the bus arrivescoffee before the bus arrives Bus company can:Bus company can:

Schedule betterSchedule better Arrange for extra buses when neededArrange for extra buses when needed

Improve operationsImprove operations

4

Exhibit 8.1Exhibit 8.1NextBus Operational NextBus Operational

ModelModel

5

Mobile Applications - 1Mobile Applications - 1

VehiclesVehicles transmission of news, road condition etctransmission of news, road condition etc ad-hoc network with near vehicles to ad-hoc network with near vehicles to

prevent accidentsprevent accidents EmergenciesEmergencies

early transmission of patient data to the early transmission of patient data to the hospitalhospital

ad-hoc network in case of earthquakes, ad-hoc network in case of earthquakes, cyclonescyclones

military ...military ...

6

Mobile Applications - 2Mobile Applications - 2

Travelling salesmenTravelling salesmen direct access to central customer filesdirect access to central customer files consistent databases for all agentsconsistent databases for all agents mobile officemobile office

Web accessWeb access outdoor Internet access outdoor Internet access intelligent travel guide with up-to-dateintelligent travel guide with up-to-date

location dependent informationlocation dependent information

7

Mobile Applications - 3Mobile Applications - 3

Location aware servicesLocation aware services find services in the local environment, e.g. find services in the local environment, e.g.

printerprinter Information servicesInformation services

push: e.g., stock quotespush: e.g., stock quotes pull: e.g., nearest cash ATMpull: e.g., nearest cash ATM

Disconnected operationsDisconnected operations mobile agents, e.g., shoppingmobile agents, e.g., shopping

EntertainmentEntertainment ad-hoc networks for multi user gamesad-hoc networks for multi user games

8

Mobile Applications in Mobile Applications in IndustryIndustry

Wireless access: phone.comWireless access: phone.com Alerting services: myalert.comAlerting services: myalert.com Location services: airflash.comLocation services: airflash.com Intranet applications: imedeon.comIntranet applications: imedeon.com Banking services: macalla.comBanking services: macalla.com Web access: wapforum.comWeb access: wapforum.com Mobile agents: tryllian.comMobile agents: tryllian.com

9

Mobile Commerce: Mobile Commerce: OverviewOverview

Mobile commerce (m-commerce, Mobile commerce (m-commerce,

m-business)—anym-business)—any e-commerce done e-commerce done in a wireless environment, especially in a wireless environment, especially via the Internetvia the Internet Can be done via the Internet, private Can be done via the Internet, private

communication lines, smart cards, etc.communication lines, smart cards, etc. Creates opportunity to deliver new Creates opportunity to deliver new

services to existing customers and to services to existing customers and to attract new onesattract new ones

10

Exhibit 8.2Exhibit 8.2Classes of M-Commerce Classes of M-Commerce

ApplicationsApplications

11

M-Commerce TerminologyM-Commerce Terminology

GenerationsGenerations 1G: 1979-1992 wireless technology1G: 1979-1992 wireless technology 2G: current wireless technology; mainly 2G: current wireless technology; mainly

accommodates textaccommodates text 2.5G: interim technology accommodates 2.5G: interim technology accommodates

graphicsgraphics 3G: 33G: 3rdrd generation technology (2001- generation technology (2001-

2005) supports rich media (video clips)2005) supports rich media (video clips) 4G: will provide faster multimedia 4G: will provide faster multimedia

display (2006-2010)display (2006-2010)

12

ServicesServices

And more…

ShoppingBanking Trading

TicketingEntertainment

13

Terminology and Terminology and StandardsStandards

GPS: Satellite-based Global Positioning SystemGPS: Satellite-based Global Positioning System PDA: Personal Digital Assistant—handheld PDA: Personal Digital Assistant—handheld

wireless computerwireless computer SMS: Short Message ServiceSMS: Short Message Service EMS: Enhanced Messaging ServiceEMS: Enhanced Messaging Service MMS: Multimedia Messaging ServiceMMS: Multimedia Messaging Service WAP: Wireless Application ProtocolWAP: Wireless Application Protocol Smartphones—Internet-enabled cell phones Smartphones—Internet-enabled cell phones

with attached applications with attached applications

14

Specific Attributes of M-Specific Attributes of M-CommerceCommerce

Attributes of m-commerce and its Attributes of m-commerce and its economic advantageseconomic advantages MobilityMobility—users carry cell phones or other —users carry cell phones or other

mobile devicesmobile devices Broad reachBroad reach —people can be reached at —people can be reached at

any timeany time

15

Attributes of M-Attributes of M-Commerce Commerce (cont.)(cont.)

Value-added attributes of m-commerceValue-added attributes of m-commerce Ubiquity—easier information access in real-timeUbiquity—easier information access in real-time Convenience—devices that store data and have Convenience—devices that store data and have

Internet, intranet, extranet connectionsInternet, intranet, extranet connections Instant connectivity—easy and quick connection to Instant connectivity—easy and quick connection to

Internet, intranets, other mobile devices, Internet, intranets, other mobile devices, databasesdatabases

Personalization—preparation of information for Personalization—preparation of information for individual consumersindividual consumers

Localization of products and services—knowing Localization of products and services—knowing where the user is located at any given time and where the user is located at any given time and match service to themmatch service to them

16

Exhibit 8.3Exhibit 8.3Characteristics of M-Characteristics of M-

CommerceCommerce

17

The DriversThe Drivers

Widespread Widespread availability of availability of devicesdevices

No need for a PCNo need for a PC Handset cultureHandset culture Vendors’ pushVendors’ push

Declining pricesDeclining prices Improvement of Improvement of

bandwidthbandwidth Explosion of EC in Explosion of EC in

generalgeneral

18

Mobile Computing Mobile Computing InfrastructureInfrastructure

Cellular (mobile) Cellular (mobile) phonesphones

Attachable keyboardAttachable keyboard PDAsPDAs Interactive pagersInteractive pagers Other devicesOther devices

NotebooksNotebooks HandheldsHandhelds SmartpadsSmartpads

Screenphones—a Screenphones—a telephone equipped telephone equipped with color screen, with color screen, keyboard, e-mail, and keyboard, e-mail, and Internet capabilitiesInternet capabilities

E-mail handheldsE-mail handhelds Wirelined—connected Wirelined—connected

by wires to a networkby wires to a network

Hardware

19

Mobile Computing Mobile Computing Infrastructure Infrastructure (cont.)(cont.)

Unseen infrastructure requirementsUnseen infrastructure requirements Suitably configured wireline or wireless Suitably configured wireline or wireless

WAN modemWAN modem Web server with wireless supportWeb server with wireless support Application or database serverApplication or database server Large enterprise application serverLarge enterprise application server GPS locator used to determine the GPS locator used to determine the

location of mobile computing device location of mobile computing device carriercarrier

20

Mobile Computing Mobile Computing Infrastructure Infrastructure (cont.)(cont.)

SoftwareSoftware MicrobrowserMicrobrowser Mobile client operating system (OS)Mobile client operating system (OS) Bluetooth—a chip technology and WPAN Bluetooth—a chip technology and WPAN

standard that enables voice and data standard that enables voice and data communications between wireless devices over communications between wireless devices over short-range radio frequency (RF)short-range radio frequency (RF)

Mobile application user interfaceMobile application user interface Back-end legacy application softwareBack-end legacy application software Application middlewareApplication middleware Wireless middlewareWireless middleware

21

is a short-range radio technology aimed at is a short-range radio technology aimed at simplifying communications among simplifying communications among Internet devices and between devices and Internet devices and between devices and the Internet. It also aims to simplify data the Internet. It also aims to simplify data synchronization between Internet devices synchronization between Internet devices and other computers. and other computers.

BluetoothBluetooth

22

Authorization (whether device X is allowed Authorization (whether device X is allowed to have access service Y)to have access service Y)•Trusted Device: The device has been Trusted Device: The device has been

previously authenticated, a link key is previously authenticated, a link key is stored and the device is marked as stored and the device is marked as “trusted” in the Device Database.“trusted” in the Device Database.

•Untrusted Device: The device has been Untrusted Device: The device has been previously authenticated, link key is previously authenticated, link key is stored but the device is not marked as stored but the device is not marked as “trusted” in the Device Database“trusted” in the Device Database

•Unknown Device: No security Unknown Device: No security information is available for this device. information is available for this device. This is also an untrusted device.This is also an untrusted device.

Bluetooth Bluetooth SecuritySecurity

23

Bluetooth provides security between any two Bluetooth provides security between any two Bluetooth devices for user protection and Bluetooth devices for user protection and secrecysecrecy

mutual and unidirectional authenticationmutual and unidirectional authentication encrypts data between two devicesencrypts data between two devices Session key generationSession key generation

•configurable encryption key lengthconfigurable encryption key length•keys can be changed at any time during keys can be changed at any time during

a connectiona connection

Bluetooth Bluetooth SecuritySecurity

24

Authorization (whether device X is allowed Authorization (whether device X is allowed to have access service Y)to have access service Y)•Trusted Device: The device has been Trusted Device: The device has been

previously authenticated, a link key is previously authenticated, a link key is stored and the device is marked as stored and the device is marked as “trusted” in the Device Database.“trusted” in the Device Database.

•Untrusted Device: The device has been Untrusted Device: The device has been previously authenticated, link key is previously authenticated, link key is stored but the device is not marked as stored but the device is not marked as “trusted” in the Device Database“trusted” in the Device Database

•Unknown Device: No security Unknown Device: No security information is available for this device. information is available for this device. This is also an untrusted device.This is also an untrusted device.

Bluetooth Bluetooth SecuritySecurity

25

Mobile Computing Mobile Computing Infrastructure Infrastructure (cont.)(cont.)

Networks and accessNetworks and access Wireless transmission mediaWireless transmission media

MicrowaveMicrowave SatellitesSatellites RadioRadio InfraredInfrared Cellular radio technologyCellular radio technology

Wireless systemsWireless systems

26

Exhibit 8.5Exhibit 8.5 Delta Airlines Wireless Delta Airlines Wireless

SystemSystem

27

Wireless Standards and Wireless Standards and SecuritySecurity

M-commerce supported byM-commerce supported by StandardsStandards SecuritySecurity Voice systemsVoice systems

28

Wireless StandardsWireless Standards

Wireless standardsWireless standards Time-division Multiple Access (TMDA)Time-division Multiple Access (TMDA) General Packet Radio Services (GPRS)General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) CDMA OneCDMA One Global System of Mobile Communication Global System of Mobile Communication

(GSM)(GSM) WLAN 802.11 (Wi-Fi)WLAN 802.11 (Wi-Fi) Wideband CDMAWideband CDMA

29

Wireless Standards Wireless Standards (cont.)(cont.)

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)—a set Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)—a set of communications protocols designed to of communications protocols designed to enable different kinds of wireless devices to enable different kinds of wireless devices to talk to a server installed on a mobile talk to a server installed on a mobile network, so users can access the Internetnetwork, so users can access the Internet

Subscriber Identification Module (SIM)Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) Wireless Markup Language (WML)Wireless Markup Language (WML) Voice XML (VXML)Voice XML (VXML) Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evaluation Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evaluation

(EDGE)(EDGE) Universal Mobile Telecommunications Universal Mobile Telecommunications

System (UMTS)System (UMTS) IPv6IPv6

30

Security IssuesSecurity Issues

VirusesViruses Smart card security solutionsSmart card security solutions

Voice communication can be intercepted Voice communication can be intercepted by hackersby hackers

One solution is an embedded biometric One solution is an embedded biometric add-onadd-on

Back-end security solutions—public Back-end security solutions—public key infrastructure (PKI) and M-CERT key infrastructure (PKI) and M-CERT (mobile certification)(mobile certification)

31

Computer viruses have begun the Computer viruses have begun the migration to Mobil devices as such migration to Mobil devices as such terminals gain more power and terminals gain more power and intelligenceintelligence The first computer virus that targeted The first computer virus that targeted

Mobil phones was identified in mid-Mobil phones was identified in mid-2000.2000.

The virus was spread as an email The virus was spread as an email enclosure on conventional computer bus enclosure on conventional computer bus was also designed to send prank SMA was also designed to send prank SMA messages to randomly selected Mobil messages to randomly selected Mobil phone numbers in particular cellular phone numbers in particular cellular network in Spain.network in Spain.

VirusesViruses

32

Voice Systems for M-Voice Systems for M-CommerceCommerce

Hands-free and eyes-free operations Hands-free and eyes-free operations increase productivity, safety, increase productivity, safety, effectivenesseffectiveness

Disabled people can use voice data for Disabled people can use voice data for various tasksvarious tasks

Voice terminals are portableVoice terminals are portable 2 ½ times faster than typing2 ½ times faster than typing Fewer errorsFewer errors

33

Interactive Voice Interactive Voice ResponseResponse

Interactive voice response (IVR)—aInteractive voice response (IVR)—a computer voice system that enables users computer voice system that enables users to request and receive information and to to request and receive information and to enter and change data through regular enter and change data through regular telephone lines or through 1G cell phonestelephone lines or through 1G cell phones Patients schedule doctors’ appointmentsPatients schedule doctors’ appointments Users request pick-up from FedExUsers request pick-up from FedEx Employees find information, select, or Employees find information, select, or

change benefits packageschange benefits packages Electric utilities can respond to customers Electric utilities can respond to customers

reporting power outagesreporting power outages

34

Voice PortalsVoice Portals

Voice portal—aVoice portal—a Web site with audio Web site with audio interface, accessed by making a phone callinterface, accessed by making a phone call Request information verbally from system Request information verbally from system

that:that: Retrieves the informationRetrieves the information Translates it into a computer-generated voice replyTranslates it into a computer-generated voice reply Tells you what you want to knowTells you what you want to know

Iping.com—reminder and notification serviceIping.com—reminder and notification service Helps businesses find new customersHelps businesses find new customers

35

Mobile Financial Mobile Financial ApplicationsApplications

Wireless electronic payment systemsWireless electronic payment systems Mobile phones become secure, self-Mobile phones become secure, self-

contained purchasing tools capable of contained purchasing tools capable of instantly authorizing payments over the instantly authorizing payments over the cellular network for goods and services cellular network for goods and services consumedconsumed

Micropayments—electronic Micropayments—electronic payments for small-purchase payments for small-purchase amounts (generally less than $10)amounts (generally less than $10)

36

Mobile Financial Mobile Financial Applications Applications (cont.)(cont.)

M-wallet (mobile wallet)—a wireless M-wallet (mobile wallet)—a wireless wallet that enables cardholders to wallet that enables cardholders to make purchases with a single click make purchases with a single click from their wireless devicesfrom their wireless devices

Bill payments directly from cell Bill payments directly from cell phone via:phone via: BankBank Credit cardCredit card Prepaid arrangementPrepaid arrangement

37

Examples of Financial Examples of Financial ApplicationsApplications

Swedish Postal Swedish Postal BankBank

Dagens IndustriDagens Industri CitibankCitibank Japanese banksJapanese banks

Hoover’s wireless Hoover’s wireless (hoover.com)(hoover.com)

ASB Bank (New ASB Bank (New Zealand)Zealand)

Boston’s Faneuil Boston’s Faneuil Hall MarketplaceHall Marketplace

38

Exhibit 8.6Exhibit 8.6Bill Payments by Cell Bill Payments by Cell

PhonePhone

39

Shopping from Wireless Shopping from Wireless DevicesDevices

Buy.com allows shopping from wireless Buy.com allows shopping from wireless devicesdevices

In 5-10 years most businesses will be In 5-10 years most businesses will be wirelesswireless

Online stores will become showroomsOnline stores will become showrooms View productsView products Purchase them using handheld devicesPurchase them using handheld devices Possibly enhanced by bar code scanners Possibly enhanced by bar code scanners Customization may be possibleCustomization may be possible

40

Exhibit 8.7Exhibit 8.7Mobile Shopping Supported Mobile Shopping Supported

by CRMby CRM

41

Targeted AdvertisementTargeted Advertisement

Personalization of services and Personalization of services and enhanced user interface for wireless enhanced user interface for wireless Web pages from barnesandnoble.comWeb pages from barnesandnoble.com Knowing user preferences or surfing Knowing user preferences or surfing

habits user-specific advertising habits user-specific advertising messages to the location of mobile users messages to the location of mobile users

Using GPS marketers can send location-Using GPS marketers can send location-sensitive messages can be sentsensitive messages can be sent

42

Targeted Advertisement Targeted Advertisement (cont.)(cont.)

Get paid to listen to advertisements—Get paid to listen to advertisements—listen to a 10–second ad before you dial listen to a 10–second ad before you dial your cell phone, and get 2 minutes of your cell phone, and get 2 minutes of free long-distance timefree long-distance time Program flopped in the U.S.Program flopped in the U.S. SingTel of Singapore recouped its initial SingTel of Singapore recouped its initial

investment from ad revenues in about a investment from ad revenues in about a yearyear

43

Targeted Advertisement Targeted Advertisement (cont.)(cont.)

Advertisement strategies and Advertisement strategies and guidelines—Wireless Advertising guidelines—Wireless Advertising Association (waaglobal.org) is trying to Association (waaglobal.org) is trying to establish wireless ad guidelinesestablish wireless ad guidelines Opt-in ad programs involving mobile Opt-in ad programs involving mobile

message alerts message alerts Addressing issues like spamming and Addressing issues like spamming and

unethical strategies:unethical strategies: Confirmed opt-insConfirmed opt-ins Personally identifiable informationPersonally identifiable information Push advertisingPush advertising

44

Wireless Advertising in Wireless Advertising in ActionAction

GPS helps target users from their locationGPS helps target users from their location Vindigo.com—places to go and things to do in Vindigo.com—places to go and things to do in

your areayour area GeePS.com—location-based start-up sent GeePS.com—location-based start-up sent

coupons to customers cell phonescoupons to customers cell phones Go2Online.com—locations-based Web domain Go2Online.com—locations-based Web domain

helps mobile travelers find anything (e.g., the helps mobile travelers find anything (e.g., the nearest oil change)nearest oil change)

45

Supporting Customers & Supporting Customers & Business PartnersBusiness Partners

(Consumer Services)(Consumer Services) Using voice portals in marketing and Using voice portals in marketing and

customer servicecustomer service Use vendor’s voice portal to check Use vendor’s voice portal to check

status of deliveries to a job sitestatus of deliveries to a job site Service technicians provided with Service technicians provided with

diagnostic information, enabling them diagnostic information, enabling them diagnosis of difficult problemsdiagnosis of difficult problems

Sales people check inventory status Sales people check inventory status during a meeting to help close a saleduring a meeting to help close a sale

46

Supporting Customers & Supporting Customers & Business PartnersBusiness Partners

(Consumer Services) (Consumer Services) [cont.][cont.] Using mobile portalsUsing mobile portals

Mobile portal—a customer interaction Mobile portal—a customer interaction channel that aggregates content and channel that aggregates content and services for mobile usersservices for mobile users

Portals charge for their services (per Portals charge for their services (per service or monthly fee):service or monthly fee): Public mobile portals (e.g., Imode in Japan)Public mobile portals (e.g., Imode in Japan) CorporateCorporate portalsportals

Serve a corporation ’s customers and/or suppliersServe a corporation ’s customers and/or suppliers E.g., major airline portalsE.g., major airline portals

47

Mobile Intrabusiness Mobile Intrabusiness and enterprise and enterprise

application application

48

Support of mobile Support of mobile employeeemployee

They need the same They need the same data available to data available to employees working employees working inside the company inside the company office office

49

ExamplesExamples Sale supportSale support

Customer service Customer service support support

50

Wearable deviceWearable device

Mobile wireless Mobile wireless computing device for computing device for employee who work on employee who work on building and other building and other difficult to climb difficult to climb places include:places include:

1-cameras 1-cameras 2-screen2-screen3-keyboard 3-keyboard 4-touch-panel display 4-touch-panel display

51

ExampleExample Job dispatch :Job dispatch : it allows improved it allows improved

response with response with reduced resource , reduced resource , real time tracking of real time tracking of work order work order (transportation , (transportation , health care , health care , utilities) etc. utilities) etc.

52

Mobile sales Mobile sales automationautomation

It equipped with It equipped with smart phone , smart phone , providing them with providing them with easy access to easy access to customer data at customer data at the central office the central office

53

NON- NON- Intranetbusiness Intranetbusiness

applicationapplication Example like :Example like : Remote database Remote database

queries regarding queries regarding order status or order status or product availability product availability

Delivery and order Delivery and order status updates status updates entered on PC’s inside entered on PC’s inside distribution trucks distribution trucks

54

55

Internet – based Internet – based interabusiness interabusiness

application application Intelligent offices : Intelligent offices : this arrangement this arrangement improves improves productivity and productivity and the quality of office the quality of office operation operation

56

57

Mobile B2B and supply Mobile B2B and supply chain application chain application

58

Mobile B2BMobile B2B

59

Supply chainSupply chain

60

Messaging system Messaging system center of B2B center of B2B communication communication

By integrating the terminal in to the By integrating the terminal in to the supply chain supply chain

Mobile reservation of goodsMobile reservation of goods Check availability of particular item in the Check availability of particular item in the

warehouse warehouse order a particular product from the order a particular product from the

manufacturing department manufacturing department

61

Mobile consumer and personal Mobile consumer and personal service applicationservice application

62

63

Mobile gaming and Mobile gaming and gamblinggambling

64

Mobile EntertainmentMobile Entertainment (Music & video) (Music & video)

65

HotelsHotels

66

67

Intelligent homes and Intelligent homes and appliancesappliances

68

69

Wireless Wireless telemedicinetelemedicine

TelemedicineTelemedicine the use the use of mobile of mobile telecommunications telecommunications infrastructures and infrastructures and multimedia technology multimedia technology to provide medical to provide medical information and deliver information and deliver health care services health care services remotely remotely

70

Location based commerce Location based commerce (L-commerce) (L-commerce)

71

Location based Location based commerce (L-commerce (L-

commerce)commerce) E-commerce applications provided to E-commerce applications provided to

customers based on a user’s specific customers based on a user’s specific locationlocation

72

L-commerce L-commerce technologiestechnologies

1- GPS 1- GPS Global positioning Global positioning

system (GPS) : system (GPS) :

a wireless system a wireless system that uses satellites to that uses satellites to enable users to enable users to determine their determine their position anywhere on position anywhere on the earth.the earth.

73

L-commerce L-commerce technologiestechnologies

2- (GIS) 2- (GIS) geographical geographical

information system information system (GIS): the location (GIS): the location provided by GPS is provided by GPS is expressed in terms of expressed in terms of latitude and longitude, latitude and longitude, and this is done by and this is done by inserting the latitude inserting the latitude and longitude onto an and longitude onto an electronic map. electronic map. (e.g ,Toyota , Cadillac)(e.g ,Toyota , Cadillac)

74

L-commerce L-commerce technologiestechnologies

3- GPS handsets : it can 3- GPS handsets : it can be stand alone units for be stand alone units for applications such as applications such as tracking buses , tracking tracking buses , tracking trucks on the roads , or trucks on the roads , or finding your location in finding your location in the outdoors, or plugged the outdoors, or plugged into a mobile device .into a mobile device .

75

E-911 EMERGENCY E-911 EMERGENCY CELL PHONE CALLSCELL PHONE CALLS

Calls from cellular Calls from cellular phones to providers of phones to providers of emergency services .emergency services .

Automatic crash Automatic crash notification (ACN) : notification (ACN) : device that will device that will automatically notify automatically notify police of vehicular police of vehicular accident.accident.

76

TELEMATICS AND TELEMATICS AND TELEMETRY TELEMETRY

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS Telematics : the integration of Telematics : the integration of

computers and wireless computers and wireless communications to improve communications to improve information flow using the information flow using the principles of telemetry .principles of telemetry .

Telemetry : the science that Telemetry : the science that measures physical remoteness measures physical remoteness by means of wireless by means of wireless transmission from a remote transmission from a remote source ( such as vehicle ) to a source ( such as vehicle ) to a receiving station . ( e.g, receiving station . ( e.g, mobileAria.com , NOKIA ) mobileAria.com , NOKIA )

77

barriers tobarriers to l-commerce :l-commerce :

the accuracy of the accuracy of some of the some of the location location technologies technologies

the cost benefits the cost benefits justification justification

M-spam M-spam The bandwidth of The bandwidth of

GSM networks GSM networks

78

Limitation of M-Limitation of M-commercecommerce

79

The usability problemThe usability problem

Several limitation Several limitation are slowing down are slowing down the spread of m-the spread of m-commerce and commerce and leaving many leaving many customers customers disappointed and disappointed and dissatisfied .dissatisfied .

80

Usability dimensionsUsability dimensions

EffectivenessEffectiveness Efficiency Efficiency Satisfaction Satisfaction

81

Current mobile device Current mobile device ineffective Whyineffective Why!?!?!?!? !?!?!?!?

Restricted keyboards Restricted keyboards Pocket –size screen Pocket –size screen Limited storage capacity Limited storage capacity Difficult to download Difficult to download Paying premium ratesPaying premium rates Only text Only text Black &white Black &white

82

Technical limitationTechnical limitation

Lack of standardized Lack of standardized security protocolsecurity protocol

Insufficient bandwidth Insufficient bandwidth

3G licenses 3G licenses

83

o Transmission and power consumption Transmission and power consumption limitationslimitations

o Wap limitation:Wap limitation:

speedspeed CostCost Accessibility Accessibility

84