1 chapter 6 home networks & appliances. 2 introduction network appliance (na) dedicated-function...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 6
Home Networks
& Appliances
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Introduction
Network Appliance (NA) Dedicated-function consumer device containing a
networked processor aka Internet Appliance, network device, network
consumer device
This Chapter 3 example environments Challenges ahead Potential solutions
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Emergence of NA1. Decreasing cost of network-capable
electronics Microcontrollers Network cost negligible Ease of integration
2. Increase in online data availabilityo Pc’s are inconvenient – want smaller
3. Consumer demand for seamless integration of network services into lifestyle
Want it & will pay for it
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Emergence of NA
4. Continuously available network connectivity Due to broadband & home network DSL & cable modem allow for on-demand access
5. Emergence of mass market opportunities amenable to appliance technology Many "things" require network connectivity
Pay-per-view, home power consumption, digital rights management, etc.
Always new things
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NA Domains
Environment: bordered by security boundary; single domain under single authority
Different environment may have different constraints; different access technologies
3 examples Automobile PAN Home
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Automotive Environment
Collection of nw separated by performance, safety, cost Note: Smart Environment doesn't have to be wireless Example devices: flasher module, stereo, engine
sensor, burglar alarm, remote locks or ignition Remote access: On Star via mobile phone network User access to NW: not in past
Now Bluetooth PAN PDA with display?
Established - because many examples in current vehicles - but how will the expansion occur
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PAN
Specific to an individual for personal NA's PDA, headphone, phone, laptop, medical/body
sensors Individual is identified, access rights
Access to WAN defined by WAN devices present Bandwidth shared with other PAN's present
Emergent - because established standards & market building Bluetooth SIG claims > 1M units shipped per week
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Home Environment
Collection of networks with inter-networking units between them - Figure 6.1, pg. 133
Zones: areas serviced by each of the physical networks
WAN Home: Good - DSL, cable, etc. Multiple users with different rights & responsibilities
Child, adult, visitor Embryonic - products for network PC's, but few NA
specific products & no clear consensus on standards
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"Typical" NA's
Can't really predict Extensions of current vs. new ones
Can identify some capabilities expected NW will become 'built-in', standard Driving Technologies
Bluetooth Zig Bee
Bluejacking - new, unintended use
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NA's Can Utilize …
1. On-demand data availability Auto updates of firm ware, TV schedules,
recipes Decision making - turn on heat as you approach
home, automatically slows your car if car ahead stops suddenly
2. Dynamic data & information exchange Music from house to car stereo Management of rights
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NA's Can Utilize ….
3. Remote command & control Current: garage door, car Future: open door for repairman & watch via
camera; start vacuum cleaner or washer
4. Remote reporting Deliver status: pipe breaks, need oil change,
elderly person hasn't opened refrigerator in 24 hours
All require sensor functions + processing
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Example Scenario
Read about Dave
in his Smart World
on pages 135-136.
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Core Issues of NA Adoption
1. Cost of network connectivity Cost is dropping For homes, still somewhat expensive,
inconvenient, difficult to configure
2. Diversity of network structure Typically multiple network - gateways between
them - electricity, cable, phone Each may have significant differences Need homogenous access
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Core Issues
3. Complexity - configuration & maintenance More devices more complexity more
maintenance Security issues
Connect to neighbor's wireless network
4. Security requirements Most home users do not have skill or understanding
to provide own security NA's need to include
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Core Issues
5. Collaborative operation Weather - monitoring alarm clock wakes you
early when bad weather Integrate with other NA's - collaborative
Start coffee early Heat water for shower Wakes early if car needs gas Body sensor - wakes up if needs medical
attention
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Core Issues
6. Feature Interaction Example: heating system 75°, cooling system 70° -
goals conflict The change in operation of one feature that can be
wholly or partially attributed to the presence of another feature in the environment
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Current State of NA Deployment
Domain Dependant
Automotive industry is most advanced Single integration agency Accepted standards Safety critical environment demands thorough testing Strong brand image must be protected Must reduce cost Good understanding of technology Interface extension of older users
Compare to PAN and Home!
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2 Key Problems
1. Appliance Addressing & Access Different devices have different standards No standard addressing How to access from outside
2. Feature Interaction (FI) Occurs when multiple entities make assumptions
about environment which are rendered invalid by other entities
May have no knowledge of other entities
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Appliance Addressing & Access
Requirements - both inside & outside house Security Authentication Reliability Scaling Protocol independence Naming & location
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Addressing / AccessProposed Solution
Communication to NA usually brief Combine location and message - single
transmission SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) INVITE Process Figure 6.2, pg. 141
Message sent to proxy agents, forwarded Developed for VOIP Authors - SIPa is leading contender
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SIP Advantages for NA
Proven for security, authentication, reliability, scaling
Independent of any particular naming or addressing scheme
Can register endpoints (appliances) then can move around house
SIP likely to be used in VOIP - good if used for various applications
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SIP Disadvantages
Not currently deployed: development of infrastructure will take time
Open issues remain DDP & DMP not fully
defined Provisioning &
configuration (others) not resolved
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Classification of FI ( p. 144)
1. Asynchronous Excitation Service excites device - no feedback e.g. TV remote control Don't know service location
2. Notification followed by Excitation Stimulus (service) known e.g. dryer informs service the door closed & service tells
dryer to start
3. Notification followed by Asynchronous Excitation Stimulus from on device causes service to excite another
device 1st device doesn't know of second
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Example FI's
Video recorder switches from TV to record security camera if burglar alarm
Recorded eight sequence for "away from home" sets off burglar alarm
Dueling cooling & heating system
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Other Categories of Interactions Shared action
2+ services try to control same device
Shared trigger One event passed to more than one service, which perform
conflicting actions
Sequential action Service to device to service Can cause loop
Missed trigger Existence of a service prevents a device from producing an
event that causes a second service to operate
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State of NA
Feature interaction - vital issue Only is a problem when enough services
deployed for interactions to start Not a problem with automobile, controlled Home - we can just keep adding "stuff"
FI is open issue Slow rate of adoption allows work for
solutions
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Future of NAAuthor's Predictions
Interface will change beyond recognition Sophisticated Techniques
Speech, direct eye, in ear loud speakers, throat microphones, direct electrical stimulation
Interfaces that hide computing devices e.g. Anoto pen
Power delivery - from the human Cybernetic enhancements
Who knows?!?