Cascading Payment Content Exchange Cascading Payment Content Exchange (CasPaCE) Framework for P2P (CasPaCE) Framework for P2P NetworksNetworks

Gurleen AroraSupervisors: Dr. M. Hanneghan & Prof. M. Merabti

Networked Appliances LaboratorySchool of Computing and Mathematical SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.Email: {G.Arora, M.B. Hanneghan, M.Merabti}@livjm.ac.uk

Annual Researcher’s Conference, March 2004

Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

• Motivation• Issues• Findings & Solution• Thesis Outline• Conclusion• Questions

Peer

Peer

Peer

Motivation: Commercial Digital Content Motivation: Commercial Digital Content DistributionDistribution

Peer

Peer

Peer

Motivation: Commercial Digital Content Motivation: Commercial Digital Content DistributionDistribution

Peer

Peer

Peer

Motivation: Commercial Digital Content Motivation: Commercial Digital Content DistributionDistribution

IssuesIssues

• Free-riding– Fragmentation

• Makes network inefficient

• Copyright Infringement• Participation Incentives• Trust between participants • Atomicity in transactions• Fair exchange

FindingsFindings

• Cascading Payments Model (CPM)– the process whereby payment flows towards the content

owner through intermediary peers in a P2P network

D

1. Content X 3. Content X 6. Content X

4. Payment 2 7. Payment 3

8. Fraction(Payment 3)

5. Fraction(Payment 2)

2. Payment 1

CBA

Content Owner

Author (A) always receives a major chunk of the payment as he holds the intellectual rights to the content. Other peers receive commissions for their participation in the economic chain, or as intermediaries/brokers like in the real world.

FindingsFindings

A C

BGF

E

D

H

I

J Peer

01

02

All peers (A-J) have equal functional capabilities i.e. they can act as normal peers as well as bank peers, barring in cases where the physical capabilities of the peer does not allow it. An Overlay Network of Peers O1 acts as a Bank for the whole system.This provides a trust mechanism for the Cascading Payment Scheme. Peers that get chosen to act as banks need to be selected randomly to deter malicious behaviour

• Overlay Network of Bank Peers

CasPaCE Services FrameworkCasPaCE Services Framework

User Applications

KEY

PS - Payment Service CES - Content Exchange ServiceBS - Bank Service P2PI - P2P InterfaceSS - Security Service CDB - Content DatabaseLS - Lookup Service TDB - Transaction DatabaseDiscS - Discovery Service RT/Cache - Routing Table/ CacheAdvS - Advertisement Service

Peer Devices

P2P Services

RT/Cache RT/Cache

DiscS LSAdvS

TDB

CES

CDB

PS BS SSP2PI

CasPaCE ServicesCasPaCE Services

• Payment Service Components– Payment Separator– Payment Distributor – Payment Verifier – Payment Manager

• Bank Service Components – Record Replicator – Transaction Manager– Overlay Manager

• Security Service Components – Encryption– Identification

• Content Exchange Service– Content Store Manager– Content Exchange Manager

Service UsageService Usage

ServicesPaymentBankDeliveryLookup

ServicesDeliveryLookup

ServicesPaymentDeliveryLookup

Transaction Details

Transaction Details

Content

Payment

Thin Peer

Thin Peer

Bank Peer

Thesis OutlineThesis Outline

• Abstract• 1. Introduction

– 1.1 The Motivation– 1.2 Scope, Aims and Objectives of this project– 1.3 Novel Aspects of This work– 1.4 Summary– 1.5 Thesis Structure

• 2. Background and Related Work– 2.1 Peer-to-Peer (P2P) – past and present– 2.2 P2P Application Areas

• Content Sharing• Collaborative computing and communications• Presence management• Instant Messaging• Distributed Computing (resource sharing) – Hardware resource

sharing• Multimedia Streaming• P2P frameworks and initiatives (JXTA and .NET)

Thesis OutlineThesis Outline

– 2.3 Overlay Networks– 2.4 Copyright Infringement & DRM

• Definition of digital content

– 2.5 Payment Methodologies• Macro and Micro Payments

• Electronic Cash

• Licensing schemes

• Current payment methodologies in P2P

– 2.6 Web Services• Extensible Markup Language (XML)

– 2.7 Security and Trust– 2.8 Summary

Thesis OutlineThesis Outline

• 3. The CasPaCE Framework & its components– 3.1 The Framework requirements– 3.1 The Cascading Payments Model (CPM)– 3.2 The Overlay Network of Bank Peers– 3.3 The CasPaCE Framework– 3.4 CasPaCE Services and Service Usage – 3.5 Summary

• 4. Framework Design – 4.1 CPM design– 4.2 CasPaCE Services and Protocols– 4.3 Summary

• 5. System Implementation– 5.1 CPM implementation– 5.2 Bank Peer Overlay network implementation– 5.3 CasPaCE Service Interaction– 5.4 Summary

Thesis OutlineThesis Outline

• 6. System evaluation and case studies– 6.1 Case Study A: E-learning content exchange

(ElConE)– 6.2 Case Study B: Paid Service utilisation– 6.3 System Evaluation– 6.4 Summary

• 7. Conclusions and further work– 7.1 Thesis Summary– 7.2 Framework Enhancement– 7.3 Concluding remarks

• References• Appendices

ConclusionsConclusions

• P2P networks are here to stay and P2P is a viable model for content distribution.

• P2P networks are flawed with free-riding and copyright violation which inhibits the efficient working of the P2P network.

• To overcome these flaws, participation incentives are required which also discourage copyright infringement.

• Cascading Payments is a solution to benefit all participants and to overcome these flaws.

ConclusionsConclusions

• Monetary transactions have to be trusted and atomic so neither participant may deny the successful completion of a transaction.

• The CasPaCE Services Framework enables the implementation of the CPM and ensures the atomicity of transactions.

• This Framework can be used in different scenarios, such as– Distribution of e-learning material within an

educational institution.– To pay for content and resource usage in a

Networked Appliance scenario.

PublicationsPublications

• G. Arora, M. Hanneghan, and M. Merabti, "CasPaCE: A framework for cascading payments in peer-to-peer digital content exchange," In Proceedings of the 4th Annual PostGraduate Networking Conference (PGNet 2003), Liverpool, UK, 2003, pp. 110 -116.

• G. Arora, M. Hanneghan, and M. Merabti, "P2P Commercial Digital Content Exchange," Submitted to Elsevier's Journal on Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2003.

• G. Arora, M. Hanneghan, and M. Merabti, "Payment Separation and Distribution for Cascading Payments in P2P Networks," Submitted to Globecom 2004, Dallas, USA, 2004.

QuestionsQuestions

Thank You