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Chapter 11

The Islamic World(A.D. 570–A.D. 1250)

Mr. C. Dennison

Cardinal Hayes HS

Bronx, NY

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Sufi

Muslims who believe in living a simple life.

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astrolabe

Instrument used to calculate latitude by looking at the stars.

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minaret Tower on the outside of a mosque where a crier would call Muslims to worship.

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jihad

Muslim “holy” war or, defending the Muslim faith

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Shi'a or Shi'ite They believe the Imam (or, descendant of Mohammad) rather than the Qu’ran is the intermediary between God and believers. Image: Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf, Iraq, where Ali the first Shī‘ah Imam is buried.

Approximately 10-15% of the

world's Muslims are Shi'a, which corresponds to about 130-190 million Shi'a Muslims worldwide

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Janissaries

Powerful, disciplined (Christian slave) bodyguards of the sultans.

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SunniThese Muslims claim the Qu’ran is the only mediator between God and believers. Leader can be elected.

- Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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sultan

A Turkish ruler.

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AllahIslamic name for God.

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Ottomans

Another name for Turks.

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Muhammad

The founder and prophet of Islam.

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caliph

Successor to the prophet Muhammad.

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imam

A person who is the intermediary between Allah and believers.

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mosque

A Muslim place of worship.

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Bedouins Arabs who lived as a nomads.

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hegira (hijrah, hejira )

The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina.

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Berbers North African people who converted to Islam.

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MoorsMuslims of Spain.

Bottom image:

The Alhambra (from Arabic اء َر� ْم� the red" = اْل�َح�fortress") is a palace and fortress complex of the Moorish rulers of Granada in southern Spain (known as Al-Andalus when the fortress was constructed).

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caliphates One of 3 divisions of the Muslim empire.

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ShariaThe body of Islamic religious law. The term means "way" or "path to the water source“.

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The major belief of Islam

“There is no god but God and, Muhammad is his prophet.”