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1 Chapter 1 The Emergence of Civilization (3,700,000 B.C.1200 B.C.) Mr. C. Dennison Cardinal Hayes HS Bronx, NY Slide 2 2 hominids Early humans and other humanlike creatures. Slide 3 3 artifacts Objects made and used by early humans. Slide 4 4 limited evidence Evidence, such as artifacts, about which little information is given, requiring scientists to make educated guesses. Slide 5 5 culture Beliefs, knowledge, and patterns of living that a group of people acquire by living together. Slide 6 6 Nomads People who wander from place to place. Slide 7 7 agriculture Raising of crops for food. Slide 8 8 domestication Taming of animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs. Slide 9 9 hunter-gatherers Early people who lived by hunting animals and gathering plants for food. Slide 10 10 Neolithic agricultural revolution Shift in human history from food gathering to food producing. Slide 11 11 Neanderthals Early people who lived during the Old Stone Age. Slide 12 12 Cro-Magnons Group of early people appearing about 35,000 years ago in Europe. Slide 13 13 Donald Johanson Anthropologists have found evidence that humanlike creatures appeared on Earth millions of years ago. In 1974 in Ethiopia, a team led by this person found the remains of a hominid skeleton. Slide 14 14 Lucy name of a female hominid who may have lived 3 million years ago. She was named after a Beatles song. Slide 15 15 civilization Complex culture that can produce a surplus of food, establish large towns with a government, and has people who perform different jobs. Slide 16 16 Mary Leakey In the late 1970s in Tanzania, this anthropologist found parts of a skeleton dating back about 3.7 million years. Like Lucy, this hominid belonged to a group called Australopithecus or "southern ape." Slide 17 17 You talkin to me? Slide 18 18 irrigation System of ditches and canals that transports water from a source into an agricultural field. Slide 19 19 division of labor Characteristic of civilizations in which different people perform different jobs. Slide 20 20 artisans Skilled workers. Slide 21 21 Homo sapiens in Latin, this term means "wise human" or "knowing human". Neanderthals and Cro- Magnons were both considered to be this species. Slide 22 22 Slide 23 23 cultural diffusion Spread of culture from one area of the world to another.