1. ch1 intro & classification of turbomachines
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pompaTRANSCRIPT
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
1 - 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF TURBOMACHINES 1.1. DEFINITION OF TURBOMACHINES
Fluid handling devices that direct the flow with blades or vanes attached to a rotating member are termed turbomachines. FOX
All those devices in which energy is transferred to a fluid or work is done by extracting energy from a fluid through rotating the axis of a machine. Shirani
The transfer of energy between a continuous stream of fluid and an element rotating about a fixed axis. Turton
All those devices in which energy is transferred either to, or from, a continuously flowing fluid by the dynamic action of one or more moving blade rows. Dixon
Relevant Unit
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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1.2. INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FLUID MACHINES Positive Displacement:
Energy transfer by volume changes
Fluid is confined completely
Dynamic (Turbomachines)
Radial-Flow (Centrifugal)
Axial-Flow
Mixed-Flow
Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Positive-Displacement Pumps
Pumps
Fans (small pressure rise < 25 mm.water)
Blowers (moderate pressure rise = 25 mm.Hg)
Compressors (high pressure rise up to 1 GPa (104 atm)
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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Energy added to fluid
(i.e. work done on the fluid)
Energy used as means
Energy transfer
Energy subtracted from fluid
(i.e. work done by the fluid)
Hydraulic Coupling
Torque converter
Hydraulic ram
Jack press
Pumps, fans, compressor
Uncased Cased
Propellers and
Screws
Mixed flow
Centrifugal
axial
Rotodynamic
Machines
Turbines
Reaction Impulse
Axial Flow
(Kaplan)
Pelton Wheel
windmills Mixed Flow
(Francis)
Radial flow
(banki or early Francis
Motor
Gear Vane Piston
Pumps and compressor
Rotary Reciprocating Positive Displacement
Machines
Swashplate
Crank driven
Direct Driven
Miscellaneous
Lobe
Vane
Gear
Screw
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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Fans, Blowers, and Compressors
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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Vaned Diffuser
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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Volute/Scroll
Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid
Hydraulic Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)
Gas Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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1.3. TURBOMACHINERY ANALYSIS
The Angular Momentum Principle
Apply to Control Volume:
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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Euler Turbomachine Equation
Prewhirl or Prerotation
Mechanical Power:
Theoretical Head:
EULER EQUATION
Torque T = m (C 2r2 C 1r1)
Power P = T = m (U2C 2 U1C 1)
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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Slip Factor
Velocity Diagrams
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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Energy Transfer Components
Kinetic Energy or Dynamic Head
Centrifugal Energy
Relative velocity Energy
Dynamic Pressure Difference Static Pressure Difference
Reaction Degree (R=0 => Impulse turbomachine)
Example: Idealized Centrifugal Pump
Negligible torque due to surface forces (viscous and pressure).
Inlet and exit flow tangent to blades.
Uniform flow at inlet and exit.
Zero inlet tangential velocity
Head Equation:
Shutoff Head:
g
VV
g
UU
g
VVH rr
222
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
g
VV
g
UU
g
VVH rr
222
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
H
gVVUUR rr
2/212
2
2
2
2
1
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
1 - 11
Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Hydraulic Power:
Pump Efficiency:
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid
1.4. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Fans, Blowers, and Compressors
Hydraulic Power:
Turbine Efficiency:
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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Example
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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Problems :
1). 2).
3).
4).
5).
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Fluid Machineries
Chap I: by: Hasan Basri Introduction and Calssification of Turbo Machines
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References
1. Turbomachines (2nd Ed). E. Shirani
2. Principles of Turbomachinery (2nd Ed). R.K. Turton
3. Turbomachinery, Basic Theory and Applications (2nd Ed). E. Logan
4. Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery (3rd Ed). S.L. Dixon
5. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics (5th Ed). R.B. Fox & A.T. McDonald
6. Any Turbomachinery books.