ch1 intro comp

Discovering Computers 2011

Chapter 1 Introduction to

Computers

Chapter 1 Objectives

Recognize the importance of computer literacy

Recognize the importance of computer literacy

Identify the components ofa computer

Identify the components ofa computer

Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web

Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web

Identify the categories of softwareIdentify the categories of software

Describe the categories of computersDescribe the categories of computers

Identify the types of computer users

Identify the types of computer users

Discuss various computer applications in society

Discuss various computer applications in society

Next

A World of Computers

What is computer literacy?

Next

Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses

Computers are everywhereMaybe a better term : Computer Fluency (adaptability)

How is a computer defined?

What Is a Computer?

Produces and stores results

Next

Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory

Processes data into information

Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful

Accepts dataRaw facts, figures, and symbols

Storage Communications

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

What are the advantages of using computers?

Speed Reliability

Next

Consistency

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

What are the disadvantages of using computers?

Next

Impact onLabor Force

Violation ofPrivacy

Health Risks

Public Safety

Impact onEnvironment

What Is a Computer?

What is the information processing cycle?

Next

Input Process Output Storage Communication

The Components of a Computer

What is an input device?

Hardware used to enter dataand instructions

Next


What is an output device?

Hardware that conveys information to one or morepeople

Next


What is the system unit?

Next

Case containingelectroniccomponents of the computer that are used to process data


What are two main components on the motherboard?

ProcessorAlso called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer

Next

MemoryConsists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions


What is storage?

Storage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored

Storage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored

Storage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage medium

Storage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage medium

Next

Holds data, instructions, and information for future use


What are storage media?

Next

USB Flash Drives

Memory Cards DVDs

CDs

Hard Disks

Retrieves(reads)

items from storagemedia

Retrieves(reads)

items from storagemedia

Records (writes)items to storage

media

Records (writes)items to storage

media


What is a storage device?

Next

Often functionas a source

of input

Often functionas a source

of input


What is a USB flash drive?

Next

Portable storage device Small and lightweight enough

to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket

The average USB flash drivecan hold about 1-64 billioncharacters

Portable storage device Small and lightweight enough

to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket

The average USB flash drivecan hold about 1-64 billioncharacters


What is a hard disk?

Next

Provides greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive

Most are housed inside of the system unit

Provides storage capacity comparable to a hard disk, but faster.

Most are housed inside of the system unit

What is an SSD?


What is a compact disc?

Next

Flat, round, portable metal disc

CD+/-R and DVD+/-R also called WORM technology [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write_Once_Read_Many ]

CD-ROM CD+/-R CD+/-R/W DVD-ROM DVD+/-R DVD+/-R/W


What is a communications device?

Next

Hardware component that enables a computer to

send and receive data, instructions, and information

Hardware component that enables a computer to

send and receive data, instructions, and information

Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,

satellites, and other transmission media

Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,

satellites, and other transmission media

Used to shareUsed to share

Networks and the Internet

A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together

ResourcesResources

Hardware devices

Hardware devices

Software programs

Software programs

DataData To save time and

money

To save time and

money

InformationInformation

Next


What is the Internet [DoD – 1969]?

Next

Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals


Why do users access the Internet (1969)?

2. Information

3. Shopping

4. Banking and Investing

5. Classes

6. Entertainment

Next

1. Communications

7. Download Music

8. Share Information


What is the Web (1989)?

A Web site is a collection of

related Web pages

A Web site is a collection of

related Web pages

A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to

other Web pages

A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to

other Web pages

You can share information on a socialnetworking Web site

You can share information on a socialnetworking Web site

Next

Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet

A blog consists of time-stamped articles in

a journal format

A blog consists of time-stamped articles in

a journal format

A podcast is recorded audio

stored on a Web sitethat can be

downloaded

A podcast is recorded audio

stored on a Web sitethat can be

downloaded

Difference between the Internet and the WWW

Personal Computers

What are the two most popular series of personal computers?

Next

Apple Macintosh usually uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS X)

PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system

Personal Computers

What is a desktop computer?

Next

Designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What is a notebook computer?

Next

Portable, small enough to fit on your lap

Also called a laptop computer

Generally more expensive than desktop computers with equal capabilities


What is a Tablet PC?

Next

Especially useful for taking notes

Resembles a letter-sized slate Allows you to write on the

screen using a digital pen

Can you say UPS, FEDEX, DHL?


What is a handheld computer?

Next

Sometimes referred to as an ultra-personal

computer (uPC), or an Ultra-Mobile PC

(UMPC), or a handtop computer

Small enough to fit

in one hand

iPad, etc. !!


What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?

Next

Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad


What are smart phones?

Next

A smart phone isan Internet-enabled

telephone that usuallyprovides PDA capabilities

Like the iPhone, Treo, Android (‘Droid) etc.

Game Consoles

What are game consoles?

Next

Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games

Like the Xbox, Wii, Sony PlayStation3

Servers

What types of servers are there?

Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of connected users[Also called an Enterprise Server]

Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations

Next

Server Controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage

Embedded Computers

What is an embedded computer? A special-purpose computer that functions as a

component in a larger product

Next

Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computer

what to do andhow to do it

Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computer

what to do andhow to do it

Computer Software

What is software?

Next

Also called aprogram

& DATA

Also called aprogram

& DATA

Computer Software

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

Next

Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and visual images such as icons

Controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information

Computer Software

What is system software?

Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices

Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices

Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

Next

Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices

Computer Software

What is application software?

Next

Presentation Graphics

Spreadsheet

Database

Word Processing

Programs designed to make users more productive

Create/Produce useful data

Computer Software

How do you install and run programs?

Next

Step 1: INSTALLWhen you insert a greeting card program discin the CD drive for the first time, the computerbegins the procedure of installing the greetingcard program on the hard disk.

Step 2: RUNOnce installed, you can instruct the computer to run the greeting card program. The computer transfers instructions from the hard disk to memory.

Step 3: USEThe greeting card program executes. Using this program, you can create custom greeting cards.

Computer Software

What is a programmer?

Next

Someone who developsapplication or system software Programmer writes

the instructions todirect the computer toprocess data intoinformation

Categories of Computers

Next

What are the categories of computers?Personal Computers

(desktop)

Mobile Computers andMobile Devices

Game Consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded Computers

Examples of Computer Usage

What software is available for a home user? Personal Finance Management Web access Communications Entertainment (Games)

Next


Productivity software

Specialty software

Web usage E-mail (Games)

Next

What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user?

Hardware Notebook computers Tablet PCs Internet-enabled PDAs Smart phones


What is available for a mobile user?

Software Word processing Spreadsheet Presentation graphics

software

Next


What are the needs of a power user?

Next

Extremely fast processors Types of power users

Engineers Scientists Architects Desktop publishers Graphic artists


What are the needs of the large business user?

Next

Payroll Inventory E-commerce Desktop

publishing

Computer Applications in Society

What are some examples of computer applications in society?

Next

Education Finance Government Health Care Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing

Computers, Society, and You

Web-based applications Internet messaging (IM)—free, real-

time connection Two or more parties can use a buddy list

to identify and restrict the contacts the person wishes to communicate with

Social networks—include Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, and Twitter

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

46


Collaborative work Computer forensics—branch of forensic science

that deals with legal evidence found on computers, and is used to find and apprehend criminals

Collaborative software includes: Google Docs—free Web-based word processor and

spreadsheet Wiki—collection of Web pages designed to let anyone

with access contribute or modify content Google Groups—free service that helps users connect,

share information, and communicate effectively over the Web


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Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Use


48


When using computer hardware:

Do not plug too many devices into electrical outlets.

Use surge protectors. Place hardware where it can’t fall or be

damaged. Provide adequate space for air circulation

around hardware. Securely fasten computer cables, cords,

and wires.Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education,

Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall49


Ergonomics—field of study concerned with the fit between people and their work environment

Carpal tunnel syndrome (repetitive strain injury or cumulative trauma disorder)—caused by repeated motions that damage nerves in hands, wrists, and arms


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Promote safety and comfort Position top of your monitor at eye level Tilt the monitor back 10 to 20 degrees Place it at least 20” from your eyes Keep your wrists flat—use a wrist rest if

needed Rest your eyes often by focusing on an

object 20 or more feet away Stand and stretch periodically


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Software programs Contain flaws

Errors cause programs to run slowly or miscalculate.

Bugs are almost impossible to eliminate completely.


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Computer ethics Moral dilemmas relating to

computer usage Digital piracy Unauthorized reproduction and

distribution of computer-based media Unethical behavior Sending viruses, stealing credit card

information, computer stalking, and installing illegitimate copies of software on computers


53


Computers provide those who are disabled and disadvantaged with added support and opportunities

E-learning Learning without requiring students to

be at a specific location at a specific time


54


Automation Replacement of people by machines

and computers Outsourcing Subcontracting of portions of a job to a

third party to reduce cost, time, and energy.

Computer technology Aided globalization and the resulting

outsourcing of jobs, as well as structural unemployment—the obsolescence of certain jobs. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education,

Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall55


Be a responsible computer user:

Understand how your computer use affects others.

Obey laws and conform to requests regarding use of cell phones.

Be aware of e-waste and the proper disposal of outdated computer hardware.


56


Advances in computer technology

Upgrade software to obtain the latest software features.

Stay informed to help avoid computer viruses.


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Summary of Introduction to Computers

The computer and its componentsThe computer and its components

What is a network?What is a network?

The InternetThe Internet

Types of softwareTypes of software

Categories of computersCategories of computers

Types of computer usersTypes of computer users

Computer applications in societyComputer applications in society

Chapter 1 Complete

ch1 intro comp

Documents

computer usagewhat software

system unit

computer usagewhat

mobile deviceswhat

computer softwarewhat

housed insideof

hard disk

share information