1. 인덱싱 - apache2 ubuntu default page: it workssmjeong/pdf/db/r_02.pdf · 2017-03-28 ·...
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1. 인덱싱
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1.1. 인덱싱(R Indexing)
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인덱싱이란 ?
R에서 데이터의 일부분을 선택/선별하는작업
인덱싱은 대괄호 [ ] 를 사용
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1.2. 인덱싱(Vector)
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#벡터 생성
vi1<-c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)
#벡터 인덱싱
vi1[1]
vi1[c(3:8)]
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1.3. 인덱싱(matrix)
#행렬 생성
mi1<-matrix(1:12, nrow=4)
#행렬 인덱싱
mi1[4,2]
mi1[4, ]
mi1[c(3,4),2]
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1.4. 인덱싱(array)
#배열 생성
ai1<-array(1:24, c(2,3,4))
ai1
#배열 인덱싱
ai1[2,3,4]
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1.5. 인덱싱(array)
#배열 생성
ai1<-array(1:24, c(2,3,4))
ai1
#배열 인덱싱
ai1[2,3,4]
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1.5. 인덱싱(data.frame)
#데이터 프레임 생성
di1<-c(1,2,3,4)
di2<-c("kim", "Lee", "choi", "Park")
di3<-data.frame(id=di1, name=di2)
di3
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1.5. 인덱싱(data.frame)
#데이터 프레임 인덱싱
di3[1, ]
di3[ ,2]
di3[1,2]
di3[1]
di3["id"]
di3[[1]]
di3$id
di3[c(3,4),2]
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1.6. 인덱싱(list)
#리스트 생성
li1<-c(1,2,3,5)
li2<-matrix(1:6, 3, byrow=TRUE)
li3<-array(1:24, c(3,4,2))
li4<-data.frame(id=c(1,2,3,4), name=c("kim", "lee", "choi", "Park"))
li5<-list(li1, li2, li3, li4)
li5
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1.6. 인덱싱(list)
#리스트 인덱싱
li5[[2]]
li5[[2]][3,1]
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2. 함수
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2.1. mtcars 데이터 프레임
Mtcars 데이터 프레임- R에 기본으로 내장되어 있는 데이터 프레임(자동차 디자인과 성능에 관해 추출한11개의 변수로 구성)
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2.1. mtcars 데이터 프레임
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2.2. str(객체)
str(객체) : 데이터 구조, 변수 개수, 변수명, 관찰치 개수, 관찰치의 미리보기
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2.3. head(), tail()
head() : 상위 6개 관측치 미리보기
tail() : 하위6개 관측치 미리보기
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2.4. dim()
dim() : 데이터 객체 차원
- 데이터 객체 차원을 파악하고자 할 때 사용
- Object, Variables
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2.5. length()
length() : 데이터 객체의 요소들의 개수
- length(mtcars) : mtcars 데이터 셋의 변수들의 개수
- length(mtcars$mpg) : mpg 변수의 관측치의 개수
** ‘데이터 프레임 이름$변수명’ 해서 객체를 지정해줘야 함)
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2.5. length()
‘데이터 프레임 이름$변수명’ 해서 객체를지정해줘야 함plot(mtcars$mpg, mtcars$hp)
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2.6. names()
names() : 데이터 객체 구성요소 이름
- 데이터 객체의 변수명을 알고 싶을 때 사용
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2.7. class()
class() : 데이터 객체 구성요소의 속성
- class(mtcars) : 데이터 객체가‘date.frame임을 나타냄
- sapply(mtcars, class) : mtcars라는 데이터 프레임의 모든 변수에다 class() 함수를 적용
=> sapply() : 동일한 함수를 모두 적용하는 함수
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3. Simple Graphs with R
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3.1. Line Charts
>cars<-c(1,3,6,4,9)
>plot(cars)
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3.1. Line Charts
>plot(cars, type=“o”, col=“blue”)
>title(main=“Autos”, col.main=“red”, font.main=4)
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3.1. Line Charts
>tucks<-c(2,5,4,5,12)
>plot(trucks)
>plot(cars, type="o", col="blue", ylim=c(0,12))
>lines(trucks, type="o", pch=22, lty=2, col="red")
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3.2. Bar Charts
>cars1<-c(1,3,6,4,9)
>barplot(cars1)
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3.3. Histogram Charts
>suvs<-c(4,4,6,6,16)
>hist(suvs)
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3.4. Pie Charts
>cars2<-c(1,3,6,4,9)
>pie(cars2)
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3.4. Pie Charts
>pie(cars2, main="Cars", col=rainbow(length(cars2)), labels=c("Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "The", "Fri"))
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3.4. Pie Charts
>cars3<-c(1,3,6,4,9)
>colors<-c("white", "grey70", "grey90", "grey50", "black")
>car_labels<-round(cars3/sum(cars3)*100, 1)
>car_labels<-paste(car_labels, "%", sep="")
>pie(cars3, main="Cars", col=colors, labels=car_labels, cex=0.8)
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3.4. Pie Charts
>legend(1.5, 0.5, c("Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "The", "Fri"), cex=0.8, fill=colors)
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3.5. 더 많은 그래프
http://www.r-graph-gallery.com/portfolio/basics/