14/23/2007

Introduction to Grid computing

Sunil Avutu

Graduate Student

Dept.of Computer Science

24/23/2007

Grid Computing

Topics to be addressed in this Presentation

What is Grid Computing? Features of Grid Computing Early Grid Activities Current Grid Activities Layered Grid Architecture Grid Architecture and Other Distributed Technologies Conclusion

34/23/2007

A Typical Grid Computing Environment

Grid Resource Broker

Resource Broker

Application

Grid Information Service

Grid Resource Broker

databaseR2R3

RN

R1

R4

R5

R6

Grid Information Service

2

44/23/2007

Grid Computing:

idea of grid was brought by Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman and Steve Tuecke in the year 1970.

emerging computing model that distributes processing across a parallel infrastructure.

subset of distributed computing

internet=network of communication grid computing=network of computation

54/23/2007

Features of Grid Computing:

offers Information Technology as a Utility

design goal of solving bigger problems

provides multi user environment

involves sharing heterogeneous resources

64/23/2007

Early Grid Activities

Earlier Grid Computing efforts were aligned with the overlapping functional areas:

Data and Computation

Functional Data Requirements for Grid Computing:

efficient data transfer mechanisms

data caching and/or replication mechanisms

data discovery mechanisms

data encryption and integrity

backup/restore mechanisms

74/23/2007

Early Grid Activities(Contd…)

Functional Computational Requirements for Grid Computing:

mechanisms to select resources

Understanding of current and predicted data loads

failure detection and failover mechanisms

84/23/2007

Current Grid Activities:

Fig 1 : Dynamic benefits of coordinated resource sharing in a virtual organization.

94/23/2007

Concept of Virtual Organization(VO)

a dynamic set of individuals and/or institutions defined around a set of resource-sharing rules and conditions

all VO’s share some commonality

conditional, time bound and rules driven resource sharing

dynamic collection of individuals

sharing relationship among participants is peer to peer

assigning users, resources from different domains

104/23/2007

Layered Grid Architecture

Fig 2: The layered Grid architecture and its relationship to the Internet protocol architecture

114/23/2007

Layered grid Architecture (Contd…)

Fabric Layer : interface to local resources

fabric layer defines the resources that can be shared E.g.. computational resources, data storage, networks, catalogs

A resource can be a Physical resource or a logical resource

A logical resource can be implemented by their own internal protocol

basic capabilities associated with the integration of resources: provide an inquiry provide appropriate resource management

124/23/2007

Layered grid Architecture (Contd…)

Connectivity Layer: Manages communications

defines core communication and authentication protocols Authentication solution for Vo’s:single sign on: any multiple entities in the grid fabric to be authenticated once

Delegation: ability to access a resource under the current user permissions

Integration with local resource specific security solutions

User-based trust relationships

134/23/2007

Layered grid Architecture (Contd…)

Resource Layer :sharing of a single Resource

controls the secure negotiation, initiation, monitoring, sharing of operations across individual layer.

Two primary classes of resource layer protocols

Information Protocols

Management Protocols

negotiating access to a shared resource

performing operation on a resource & monitoring the status of operation

144/23/2007

Layered grid Architecture (Contd…)

Collective layer: coordinating multiple resources

responsible for global resource management

Common collective services in a Grid Computing system

Discovery services

Co allocation ,scheduling Services

Community accounting and Payment Services

154/23/2007

Layered grid Architecture (Contd…)

Application Layer: User-Defined Grid Applications

user applications constructed by utilizing the services defined at each lower level

each layer in the Grid Architecture provides a set of API’s and SDK’s for the higher layers of integration

164/23/2007

Grid Architecture and Other Distributed Technologies

Like the Web, grid computing keeps complexity hidden: multiple users enjoy a single, unified experience.

Unlike the Web, which mainly enables communication, grid computing enables full collaboration toward common business goals.

Like peer-to-peer, grid computing allows users to share files.

Unlike peer-to-peer, grid computing allows many-to-many sharing — not only files but other resources as well.

174/23/2007

Grid Architecture and Other Distributed Technologies

Like clusters and distributed computing, grids bring computing resources together.

Unlike clusters and distributed computing, which need physical proximity and operating homogeneity, grids can be geographically distributed and heterogeneous.

Like virtualization technologies, grid computing enables the virtualization of IT resources.

Unlike virtualization technologies, which virtualize a single system, grid computing enables the virtualization of vast and disparate IT resources.

184/23/2007

Conclusion

Grid computing provides a framework and deployment platform that enables resource sharing, accessing, aggregation, and management

possible to share resources across organizations, including different companies, even in different countries.

Grid services represent a convergence between high-performance computing and Web services

194/23/2007

References:

1)Grid Computing by Joshy Joseph,Craig Fellenstein

( IBM Press)

2) Grid Computing for Developers by Vladimir Silva

3) http://grid.org/home.htm

4) http://www.gridcomputing.com/

5) http://www.gridcomputingplanet.com/

204/23/2007

Thank You

214/23/2007