Name: _______________________________________ Biology Ch 26 Practice Test (p. 1 of )

1. __________________________________ Animals that have a backbone

2. __________________________________ opening through which wastes leave the digestive tract.

3. __________________________________ internal space of a cnidarian

4. __________________________________ stage in a jellyfish that reproduces asexually

5. __________________________________ animals whose anus is formed from the blastopore.

6. __________________________________ immature stage of an organism that is

Different from the adult stage

7. __________________________________ stinging cells of cnidarians

8. __________________________________ most common freshwater Hydrozoan

9. __________________________________ eliminating metabolic wastes

10. __________________________________ groups of specialized cells

11. __________________________________ only animal that is asymmetrical

12. __________________________________ a new organism growing from an outgrowth or bud

13. __________________________________ poison-filled stinging structure that contains

tightly coiled dart.

14. __________________________________ layers of circular and longitudinal muscles in the gastrovascular cavity that enable movement.

Name: _______________________________________ Biology Ch 26 Practice Test (p. 1 of )

15. Color the following structures

Color the gemmule red Color the Archaeocyte Blue Color the mouth (Osculum) yellow Color the choanocytes orange Color the adult sponge green Color the buds red Outline the flagellum in light blue Color the Ectoderm brown Color the spicule green Color the pores (ostia) purple

16. Why are the sponges appropriately placed in the phylum Porifera?

17. What is the function of the structure labeled D?

18. What is the function of the structure labeled E?

19. What is the function of the structure labeled F?

Name: _______________________________________ Biology Ch 26 Practice Test (p. 1 of )

20. Label the diagram according to the directions.

Using red, circle the zygote and label the zygote. Using blue, circle the polyp forms and label them. Using green, circle the medusa forms and label them.

21. Is the zygote produced sexually or asexually?

22. What evidence do you see that this organism, Aurelia, is not a hydra?

23. _________ An animal is each of the following EXCEPT a. Multicellular c. heterotrophic b. Autotrophic d. eukaryotic

24. __________ Animals that have no backbone or vertebral column are called

a. Vertebrates c. deuterostomes b. Ectoderms d. invertebrates

25. __________ When an animal’s environment changes, sexual reproduction improves a

species’ ability to a. React c. evolve b. Increase its numbers rapidly d. produce genetically identical

offspring

26. _________ A blastula is a stage in the development of an embryo that consist of a a. Solid ball of cells c. flat sheet of cells b. Hollow ball of cells d. folded sheet of cells

Name: _______________________________________ Biology Ch 26 Practice Test (p. 1 of )

27. __________ Which term is NOT associated with sponges? a. Choanocytes c. spicules b. Medusa d. gemmules

28. __________ Which of the following best describes the feeding habits of sponges?

a. Predators c. parasites b. Filter feeders d. detritivores

29. __________ The benefit of a sponge’s producing gemmules is that the gemmules

a. Are a form of sexual reproduction c. help to filter food for the sponge b. Defend the sponge against predators d. allow the sponge to survive in bad

Environmental conditions

30. __________ Sponges benefit some marine mammals by a. Providing a habitat c. poisoning their predators b. Eating diseased coral d. supplying them with oxygen

31. ___________ Cnidocytes help a cnidarian survive by

a. Storing food c. paralyzing prey b. Forming colonies d. providing movement

32. __________ The body symmetry of a Cnidarian is

a. Radial in the medusa stage and bilateral in the polyp stage b. Radial in both the medusa and polyp stages c. Bilateral in both the medusa and polyp stages d. Bilateral in the medusa stage and radial in the polyp stage

33. __________ In jellyfishes, the medusa stage reproduces

a. Sexually c. by budding b. By binary fission d. by gemmules

34. __________ Cnidarians in the class Anthozoa are distinguished by

a. Having only colonial species c. reproducing only sexually b. Having only a polyp stage d. obtaining food only from symbionts

35. __________ The Portuguese Man-of-war is a member of what class of cnidarian?

a. Hydrozoa c. Anthozoa b. Scyphozoa d. Porifera

36. __________ Coral bleaching is a serious ecological threat because it

a. Destroys the beauty of a coral reef c. pollutes the water b. Causes coral to die d. causes coral to overpopulate an area

Name: _______________________________________ Biology Ch 26 Practice Test (p. 1 of )

37. __________ What is an animal called whose mouth is formed from the blastopore? a. Protostome c. mesoderm b. Deuterstome d. archaeocyte

38. __________ What are the specialized cells that use flagella to move a steady current of water through a sponge?

a. Spicules c. archaeocytes b. Choanocytes d. cnidocytes

39. __________ Sponges reproduce sexually through a process called

a. Cephalization c. radial symmetry b. Internal fertilization d. budding

40. __________ Some sponges are green because they

a. Are more like plants than animals b. Filter algae out of the water for food c. have photosynthetic organisms in their tissue d. are primary producers

41. __________ Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians?

a. Bilateral symmetry c. radial symmetry b. Cephalization d. internal fertilization

42. __________ Cnidarians have two basic body types, a medusa and a(n)

a. Larva c. polyp b. Tentacle d. osculum

43. _________ the nerve cells of cnidarians make up a(an)

a. Brain c. hydrostatic skeleton b. Ocellus d. nerve net

44. __________ what is a digestive chamber with one opening called

a. Gastrovascular cavity c. blastula b. Central cavity d. hydrostatic skeleton

45. __________ the class Scyphozoa contains a. Jellyfish c. corals b. Hydras d. sea anenomes

Name: _______________________________________ Biology Ch 26 Practice Test (p. 1 of )

46. __________ Coral reefs occur in areas where there are a. High levels of sediment c. high levels of light b. Very deep waters d. very cool waters

47. How do the three germ layers form and what does each germ layer give rise to in an

adult organism?

48. Describe several advantages an animal receives from having a body cavity.

49. In sponges, how does asexual reproduction by budding differ from gemmule production?

Name: _______________________________________ Biology Ch 26 Practice Test (p. 1 of )

50. Describe the feeding behavior of cnidarians.

51. What is the difference between a protostome and deuterostome?

52. What body form is typical form of the scyphozoans? Describe this body form.

53. How are coral reefs formed?

Name: _______________________________________ Biology Ch 26 Practice Test (p. 1 of )

54. List four characteristics that are shared by all animals.

55. List 5 out of the 7 things all animals do to survive.

56. Name the four types of tissues in animals and indicate the function of each.

57. Name the five stages of a fertilized egg goes through before birth.

Biology Chapter 26 Practice Test Answer Key

1. Vertebrates 2. Anus 3. Gastrovascular cavity 4. Polyp 5. Deuterostome 6. Larva 7. Cnidocyte 8. Hydra 9. Excretion 10. Tissue 11. Sponge 12. Budding 13. Nematocyst 14. Hydrostatic skeleton 15. Gemmule is labeled H and should be colored red

Archaeocyte is labeled E and should be colored blue The large circle labeled D is the osculum and should be colored yellow Choanocytes are labeled A. These cells line the gastrovascular cavity and there is a small A identifying two of them. The cell is also enlarged on the top right hand corner where it is also marked A The adult sponge is in the right hand lower corner. All of the structure EXCEPT the buds should be colored green The buds are the small projections on the side of the adult sponge and should be colored red. The flagellum is the whip-like structure labeled I. It should be outlined light blue The ectoderm is labeled B and involves all the cells on the outermost layer of the sponge. The spicule is labeled F and is the small, sharp structure that is shown in theu pper middle diagram and also in the mesoderm (middle layer) of the sponge. The pores are openings that connect the gastrovascular cavity with the outside of the sponge. They are labeled C and should be colored purple.

16. Sponges are placed in the phylum Porifera, which means “pore-bearers.” This name is appropriate because sponges have tiny openings (pores) all over their bodies.

17. The osculum (D) is the large hole through which water exits the.gastrovascular cavity of the sponge.

18. Archaeocytes (E) complete the digestive process and transport digested food throughout the sponge.

19. Spicules (F) provide structure for the sponge and also function like a magnifying glass, directing sunlight to the cells lying below the surface of the sponge where symbiotic organisms carry out photosynthesis.

20. -----------------------à

21. sexually

22. This cannot be a hydra because Hydra spend their entire lives As polyps.

23. B. autotrophic 24. D. invertebrates 25. C. evolve 26. B. hollow ball of cells 27. B. medusa 28. B. filter feeders 29. D. allow the sponge to survive in bad environmental conditions 30. A. providing a habitat 31. C. paralyzing prey 32. B. radial in both the medusa and polyp stages 33. A. sexually 34. B. having only a polyp stge 35. A. hydrozoa 36. B. causes coral to die 37. A. protosome 38. B. choanocytes 39. B. internal fertilization 40. C. have photosynthetic organisms in their tissue 41. C. radial symmetry 42. C. polyp 43. Nerve net 44. A. gastrovascular cavity 45. A. jellyfish 46. C. high levels of light

MEDUSA

ZYGOTE

POLYP

47. Endoderm is the innermost germ layer that turns into lining of the digestive tract, respiratory system. Mesoderm is the middle layer that turns into muscles, circulatory, reproductive, and excretory system Ectoderm is the outer layer that turns into sense organs, nervous system, outer layer of skin

48. A body cavity is important because it provides a space in which internal organs can be suspended, allows for specilalized regions to develop, and provides room for internal organs to grow and expand.

49. Gemmules are groups of archaeocytes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules. Gemmules can survive long periods of freezing temperature and drought. When conditions again become favorable, gemmules can grow into new sponges. In budding, part of the sponge breaks off the parent plant, settles onto the sea floor, and grows into a new sponge.

50. Cnidarians are predatory carnivores that capture prey by paralyzing it with stinging nematocysts. Once a cnidarians prey is paralyzed, it uses its tentacles to push the prey through its mouth

51. A protosome is a type of blastula where the mouth is formed from a blastopore and it is found in invertebrates. A deuterosome is a type of blastula where the anus is formed from the blastopore and it is found in all vertebrates and echinoderms

52. Scyphozoans, such as jellyfishes live the majority of your life as medusas. A medusa has a motile, bell-shaped body with its mouth on the bottom.

53. Larva are deposited on a hard surface. As the colony of coral polyps grow, they secrete an underlying skeleton of calcium carbonate the can build up to form a coral reef.

54. All animals are heterotrophs, eukaryotic, multicellular, and do not have cell walls. 55. Feeding, Respiration, Circulation, Excretion

Response, Movement , Reproduction

56. Epithelial tissue lines body surfaces providing protection and control of substances passing through the tissue. Muscular tissue contracts to move parts of the body Nervous tissue carries impulses to all parts of the body and brain Connective tissue supports an animal’s body and supports its parts

57. Zygote

Blastula Blastocyte Embryo Fetus