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The Role of Satellitesand Passenger Communications

for Future Air Traffic Management

Markus WernerTriaGnoSys GmbH

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Future Air Traffic Management

The Vision – formulated in EC report “European Aeronautics: a Vision for 2020” (1/2001)– make Europe a global leader in aviation market, based on scientific and

technological excellence– while air traffic is continuously growing, provide

> safety: increase flight security, reduce accidents> capacity: reduce congestion> passenger service and reliability: fewer delays> environmental care: reduce noise and gaseous emissions

Quantitative targets can not be achieved without major changes in concepts!

Recent Major Initiatives:– Boeing ATM business unit established 11/2000; strong cooperation with

FAA– Airbus, EADS, Thales Air Traffic Alliance, formed 7/2002– ESA and Eurocontrol Agreement, signed 8/2002

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Future ATM over Satellite

Motivation and Approach– use integrated communications, navigation

& surveillance (CNS) services

– global ATM requires satellites

– truly global operation may be a case for non-GEO constellations

– a European GEO as “entry” into a strong European satellite ATM initiative?

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Roadmap: Key Elements

Global satellite network for navigation (Galileo)

Global satellite network(s) for communications a tailored system design is required– as entry/proof-of-concept a European GEO solution (one satellite) is

required in the mid-term– in parallel or as next step use of a global GEO constellation (e.g.

Inmarsat-4)– for truly global coverage the long-term solution would be non-GEO

(MEO)

Trajectory calculation/adaptation:– Automation– Optimization algorithms/tools– Huge processing power

High-precision navigation and advanced communication must be really integrated ( on functional level!)

Advanced CNS/ATM must provide a clearly extended service spectrum and higher capacity

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Roadmap: Key Elements (cont‘d)

Clear transition from voice to data comms

Frequency issues– Need for one unique “block” of primary-use frequency band for all

types of ATM/ATC services?– or possibility to split safety-critical / AOC / “nice-to-have” added

value services … ?

QoS requirements– Qualitative and quantitative specification of requirements?!

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Roadmap: Key Milestones

Availability of systems or system components

GPS including future developments Galileo

SDLS Inmarsat (B-GAN) … WirelessCabin … FlyNet …

Tailored concepts/architectures for– Global satellite-based (overlay) ATM network– Functional integration of Com and Nav– Advanced data communications and relation between

data&voice

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Need for Market Estimation Most promising business case perspective is a combined one:

CNS/ATM (non-safety-critical) and modern passenger communications

Flight routes

Satellite coverage

Multiserviceuser&traffic

usage type

service s

s

[1/h] 1/s

[s]Rs,f

[kbps] Rs,r

[kbps] bs

[-] voice 0.2 180 9.6 9.6 0.35 email 10 3 16 16 1.0

heavy

http x y 32 3.2 0.05 voice 0.1 120 9.6 9.6 0.35 email 5 2 16 16 1.0

medium

http x/2 y/5 32 3.2 0.05 voice 9.6 9.6 0.35 email 2 1 16 16 1.0

light

http x/4 y/10 32 3.2 0.05

Capacity requirements(peak, average, dynamics …)

Business model

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Some Facts on QoS, Reliability etc. of SatComs

based on the position paperPUSH A BIT

Providing Unprecedented Satellite EnHanced Aeronautical Passenger Communications to Boost Improved Air Traffic Control Services

assumingWirelessCabin system

Data rates (kbit/s): 64 (Swift 64), 432 (B-GAN), 2000 (Connexion) Latency: 270ms RTD, all additional delays comparable to terrestrial;

connection set-up delay only few RTDs (permanently available link for traffic aggregates)

Handover/Diversity: seamless for two antennas, <10sec for one antenna QoS: service quality for both voice and data comparable to terrestrial,

e.g. GSM voice quality and Internet/WLAN packet error rates Availability: mainly function of geographic coverage Redundancy & backup: 1) multiple coverage (diversity)

2) cold redundancy (in-orbit spares)

3) hot redundancy (co-location)

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Some more long-term research issues …

… but not unrealistic to bring some elements into future satellite ATM within the time frame 2020+

IPv6 and VPN Interworking of space-ground communications Point-to-point comms “party-line” comms true multicast

approaches Frequency planning, unique frequencies throughout flight, … Satellite handover and diversity

Very futuristic, but definitely worth a vision:- optical sat/aircraft links- ad-hoc networking sat/AC and AC/AC …