1 2 feeding relationships 3 energy flow 4 chemical cycles
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Feeding Feeding RelationshipRelationship
ss
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Energy FlowEnergy Flow
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Chemical Chemical CyclesCycles
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Human Human ActivitiesActivities
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ConservationConservation
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EcologyEcology
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Organisms that Organisms that convert light convert light energy into energy into
chemical energychemical energy
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ProducersProducers
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Organisms that Organisms that obtain energy by obtain energy by
feeding on feeding on producers or other producers or other
consumers, and consumers, and another that feeds another that feeds on waste and dead on waste and dead organisms.organisms.
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Consumers and Consumers and DecomposersDecomposers
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Three Three categories of categories of consumersconsumers
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Herbivores, Herbivores, Carnivores, and Carnivores, and
Omnivores.Omnivores.
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Also referred to Also referred to as a feeding as a feeding
levellevel
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Trophic levelTrophic level
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Interconnected Interconnected and branching and branching food chainsfood chains
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Food WebFood Web
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Organic material Organic material stored by stored by producersproducers
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BiomassBiomass
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The rate at The rate at which producers which producers build biomassbuild biomass
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Primary Primary ProductivityProductivity
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The % average of The % average of available energy available energy
at a trophic at a trophic levellevel
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10% 10% (“The Rule of (“The Rule of
10”)10”)
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Three types of Three types of pyramid-diagrams pyramid-diagrams
used by used by ecologistsecologists
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Energy, Biomass, Energy, Biomass, and Numbers.and Numbers.
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The number of The number of kilocalories kilocalories
available at the available at the T3 level if T3 level if
there is 10,000 there is 10,000 kcals at T1kcals at T1
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100 kcal100 kcal
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Energy travels Energy travels through the through the ecosystems ecosystems linearly, linearly,
nutrients take nutrients take this type of this type of
path.path.
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CyclicalCyclical
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In which In which chemical cycle chemical cycle is oxygen and is oxygen and
organic organic compounds compounds
released through released through photosynthesisphotosynthesis
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Carbon and Carbon and Oxygen CycleOxygen Cycle
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Bacteria convert Bacteria convert nitrogen gas nitrogen gas into ammonia into ammonia through this through this
processprocess
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Nitrogen Nitrogen FixationFixation
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When water exits When water exits plants by plants by
evaporationevaporation
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TranspirationTranspiration
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Soil bacteria Soil bacteria convert ammonium convert ammonium
to nitratesto nitrates
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NitrificationNitrification
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The carbon cycle The carbon cycle is affected by is affected by burning fossil burning fossil
fuels andfuels and
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DeforestationDeforestation
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When the sun’s When the sun’s heat is trapped heat is trapped by CO2 in the by CO2 in the atmosphere atmosphere
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Greenhouse Greenhouse effecteffect
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An overall rise An overall rise in the Earth’s in the Earth’s temperaturetemperature
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Global WarmingGlobal Warming
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High levels of High levels of nitrogen in the nitrogen in the water cause this water cause this
conditioncondition
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EutrophicationEutrophication
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Along with water Along with water vapor these two vapor these two compounds cause compounds cause
acid rainacid rain
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Sulfur and Sulfur and nitrogennitrogen
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The number of The number of species in an species in an ecosystemecosystem
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BiodiversityBiodiversity
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A non-native A non-native species that species that
competes against competes against native species native species for resources for resources
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Introduced Introduced SpeciesSpecies
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Developing Developing natural natural
resources so resources so that they can that they can
renew themselves renew themselves and be available and be available in the futurein the future
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Sustainable Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment
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A form of A form of Overexploitation Overexploitation
caused by caused by economic reasons economic reasons
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PoachingPoaching
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Name three Name three threats to threats to BiodiversityBiodiversity
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1. Habitat 1. Habitat Destruction 2. Destruction 2.
Introduced Species Introduced Species 3. Pollution 3. Pollution 4. Population 4. Population
Growth 5. Growth 5. Overexploitation Overexploitation
(HIPPO)(HIPPO)
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Pollutants Pollutants become more become more concentrated concentrated
from one trophic from one trophic level to the level to the
nextnext
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Biological Biological MagnificationMagnification
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Substances that Substances that have a negative have a negative effect on the effect on the environment environment cause thiscause this
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PollutionPollution
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Absorbs Absorbs ultraviolet ultraviolet light and light and shields shields
organisms from organisms from the suns the suns
damaging effectsdamaging effects
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Ozone LayerOzone Layer
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A major A major contributor to contributor to the destruction the destruction of the ozone of the ozone
layerlayer
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CFC’s CFC’s (Chlorofluorocarb(Chlorofluorocarb
ons)ons)
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Through Through biological biological
magnification magnification this chemical this chemical weakens the weakens the
shells of bird’s shells of bird’s eggseggs
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DDTDDT
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